Etransportation最新文献

{"title":"Solid-state electrolytes based on metal-organic frameworks for enabling high-performance lithium-metal batteries: Fundamentals, progress, and perspectives","authors":"Hongyao Wang ,&nbsp;Song Duan ,&nbsp;Yun Zheng ,&nbsp;Lanting Qian ,&nbsp;Can Liao ,&nbsp;Li Dong ,&nbsp;Huisong Guo ,&nbsp;Chunxiang Ma ,&nbsp;Wei Yan ,&nbsp;Jiujun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2024.100311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2024.100311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) with flame retardancy and good adaptability to lithium-metal anodes can have great potential in enabling high safety and high energy density lithium-metal batteries. In addition to optimize the composition/structure of current three main types of SSEs including inorganic SSEs, polymeric SSEs, and inorganic/polymer composite SSEs, massive efforts are under way to seek for new SSE formulations. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a type of crystalline inorganic–organic materials with the structural features of rich porous, ordered channels, tunable functionality, are emerging as a research hotspot in the field of SSEs, which have attracted tremendous efforts. Based on the latest investigations, in this paper, a systematic overview of the recent development in MOFs-based SSEs (MSSEs) for lithium-metal batteries is presented. Classification and compositions, development history, fabrication approaches, and recent progress of five main types of MSSEs are comprehensively reviewed, and the roles of MOFs in MSSEs including ionic conductors, ionic transport carriers, and added fillers are highlighted. Moreover, the main challenges are analyzed and the perspectives of MSSEs are also presented for their future research and development. This review not only contributes to the study of new systems of solid-state electrolytes, but also for further development of electrified transportation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100311"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139094255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of novel pulse preheating strategies for lithium-ion batteries at subzero temperature based on a multi-level CFD platform","authors":"Weizhuo Li ,&nbsp;Zhiming Bao ,&nbsp;Qingchen Gao ,&nbsp;Qing Du ,&nbsp;Kui Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2023.100307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2023.100307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Warming up lithium-ion batteries from cold environments to room temperature rapidly and safely is the key to popularizing battery electric vehicles<span> in cold regions. Pulse preheating technology is an effective internal heating method while facing challenges such as low heating rate, high energy consumption, and risk of over-charging or discharging. Here, for the first time, a multi-level electrochemical-thermal coupling model is developed on an open-source CFD platform. Based on this model, we perform comprehensive simulations for the pulse heating process with various parameters and strategies from plate level to cell level to module level. In addition, two innovative heating strategies, namely varied rate pulse and hybrid pulse, are proposed, where the latter integrates the pulse heating and electric heating. Our main results show that the proposed hybrid pulse strategy can provide cells with an over 2.5 times faster heating rate from −20 °C to 0 °C and save nearly 60 % energy consumption compared to the single pulse heating at 6 C-rate, exhibiting a great prospect in circumventing the low-temperature effect. Besides, the internal temperature difference can be controlled. A high pulse frequency is suggested to achieve better temperature consistency within cells and avoid noticeable changes in the cell internal physical fields.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100307"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139026975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances of silicon-based solid-state lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Xin Chen ,&nbsp;Chuankai Fu ,&nbsp;Yuanheng Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Yan ,&nbsp;Yulin Ma ,&nbsp;Hua Huo ,&nbsp;Pengjian Zuo ,&nbsp;Geping Yin ,&nbsp;Yunzhi Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2023.100310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2023.100310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Solid-state batteries (SSBs) have been widely considered as the most promising technology for next-generation </span>energy storage systems. Among the anode candidates for SSBs, </span>silicon<span> (Si)-based materials have received extensive attention due to their advantages of low potential, high specific capacity and abundant resource. However, Si-based anodes undergo significant volume changes during repeated charging and discharging process, leading to irreversible degradation of electrode/electrolyte interface and rapid capacity fading of SSBs. Therefore, the development of Si-based SSBs is still limited to laboratory level. In this review, we systematically summarized the research advances of Si-based SSBs from the aspects of the design principle of electrodes structure<span>, the selection of solid-state electrolytes and the corresponding interfacial optimization strategies, failure mechanisms of electrochemical performance and advanced interfacial characterization technologies. It is hoped that this review can provide help for the in-depth understanding of the fundamental scientific issues in Si-based SSBs, further promoting the practical applications of Si-based SSBs in the near future.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100310"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139067668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Battery health diagnostics: Bridging the gap between academia and industry","authors":"Zhenghong Wang ,&nbsp;Dapai Shi ,&nbsp;Jingyuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhengyu Chu ,&nbsp;Dongxu Guo ,&nbsp;Chika Eze ,&nbsp;Xudong Qu ,&nbsp;Yubo Lian ,&nbsp;Andrew F. Burke","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2023.100309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2023.100309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Diagnostics of battery<span> health, which encompass evaluation metrics such as state of health, remaining useful lifetime, and end of life, are critical across various applications, from electric vehicles to emergency backup systems and grid-scale energy storage. Diagnostic evaluations not only inform about the state of the battery system but also help minimize downtime, leading to reduced maintenance costs and fewer safety hazards. Researchers have made significant advancements using lab data and sophisticated algorithms. Nonetheless, bridging the gap between academic findings and their industrial application remains a significant hurdle. Herein, we initially highlight the importance of diverse data sources for achieving the prediction task. We then discuss academic breakthroughs, separating them into categories like mechanistic models<span><span>, data-driven machine learning, and multi-model fusion techniques. Inspired by these progressions, several studies focus on the real-world battery diagnostics using field data, which are subsequently analyzed and discussed. We emphasize the challenges associated with translating these lab-focused models into dependable, field-applicable predictions. Finally, we investigate the frontier of battery health diagnostics, shining a light on innovative methodologies designed for the ever-changing energy sector. It's crucial to harmonize tangible, real-world data with emerging technology, such as cloud-based big data, physics-integrated deep learning, immediate model verification, and continuous lifelong machine learning. Bridging the gap between </span>laboratory research and field application is essential for genuine technological progress, ensuring that battery systems are effortlessly integrated into all-encompassing energy solutions.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100309"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139067992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the synergistic regulation strategy of load range and electrolysis efficiency of 250 kW alkaline electrolysis system under high-dynamic operation conditions","authors":"Song Hu ,&nbsp;Bin Guo ,&nbsp;Shunliang Ding ,&nbsp;Zeke Tian ,&nbsp;Junjie Gu ,&nbsp;Hao Yang ,&nbsp;Fuyuan Yang ,&nbsp;Minggao Ouyang","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2023.100304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2023.100304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Alkaline water electrolysis<span> (AWE) has the highest technological maturity among all the water electrolysis technologies for </span></span>hydrogen production<span>, however, reducing the minimum load boundary and improving the electrolysis efficiency are the technical challenges of the AWE system that still exist and urgently require optimization. The minimum load is primarily limited by the hydrogen to oxygen (HTO) from cross-diaphragm transfer and lye mixing, with HTO above 2.0% being a significant safety risk. Reducing the lye flow rate and pressure are effective while two of the few ways by regulating the operating parameters to improve the HTO thus extend the minimum load boundary, but will worsen electrolysis efficiency. Therefore, this study proposes a synergistic regulation strategy of pressure and lye flow rate: maximizing pressure and lye flow rate during high load period to ensure high electrolysis efficiency; adjusting lye flow rate and pressure during medium load period to ensure HTO≤2.0% and maximize the electrolysis efficiency; and reducing lye flow rate and pressure to a low level during the low load period to broaden the minimum load so as to improve overall efficiency of AWE system when loading with fluctuant green electric. This work elaborates the HTO routes, influencing factors and parameter optimization mechanism by building a system-level steady-state and dynamic gas purity model. The optimal combination curve of pressure and lye flow rate is obtained and its control effect on performance parameters, in terms of minimum load, system energy consumption, energy utilization, electrolysis efficiency and so on, is compared and verified in high dynamic wind and </span></span>photovoltaic<span> (PV) power scenarios. Finally, the optimal wind &amp; PV power ratios are explored based on the optimal operation curve, which will provide a reference for the future large-scale development of hydrogen production scenarios direct-coupled with wind and PV power. The minimum load is extended from 42.0% in the lye flow rate alone control to 21.2% in the pressure alone control and finally to 15.6% in the lye flow rate and pressure synergistic control method. In the absence of electrical replenishment, wind and PV energy utilization efficiency can reach up to 98.3% and 95.6%, respectively.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100304"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139027170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Week-level early warning strategy for thermal runaway risk based on real-scenario operating data of electric vehicles","authors":"Aihua Tang ,&nbsp;Zikang Wu ,&nbsp;Tingting Xu ,&nbsp;Xinyu Wu ,&nbsp;Yuanzhi Hu ,&nbsp;Quanqing Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2023.100308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2023.100308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Effective detecting thermal runaway risk in batteries are crucial for the rapid development and widespread adoption of electric vehicles. In this study, a strategy based on signal analysis is developed to realize the early warning of battery thermal runaway risk at the weekly level, without being limited by battery material systems. Firstly, a longitudinal outlier average method is developed to quantify the potential risk of thermal runaway in batteries and compared with a preset threshold to identify cells with performance anomalies. Secondly, an alarm assessment mechanism is developed, which integrates ongoing and historical operating data of suspicious cells across multiple decision layers. By employing an improved information entropy weighting method, this mechanism provides a comprehensive assessment of battery pack consistency, addressing issues related to false alarms and sporadic alerts. Finally, the effectiveness of this strategy is validated through actual vehicles involved in thermal runaway.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100308"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139055986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal runaway propagation in automotive lithium-ion batteries with NMC-811 and LFP cathodes: Safety requirements and impact on system integration","authors":"Jan Schöberl,&nbsp;Manuel Ank,&nbsp;Markus Schreiber,&nbsp;Nikolaos Wassiliadis,&nbsp;Markus Lienkamp","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2023.100305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2023.100305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thermal runaway propagation mitigation is a prerequisite in battery development for electric vehicles to meet legal requirements and ensure vehicle occupants’ safety. Thermal runaway propagation depends on many factors, e.g., cell spacing, intermediate materials, and the entire cell stack setup. Furthermore, the choice of cell chemistry plays a decisive role in the safety design of a battery system. However, many studies considering cell chemistry only focus on the cell level or neglect the energetic impacts of safety measures on system integration. This leads to a neglect of the conflict of objectives between battery safety and energy density. In this article, a comprehensive analysis of the thermal runaway propagation in lithium-ion batteries with NMC-811 and LFP cathodes from a Mini Cooper SE and Tesla Model 3 SR+ is presented. The focus is set on the identification of differences in battery safety, the derivation of safety requirements, and the evaluation of their impact on system integration. A comparative analysis identified significantly higher safety requirements for Graphite <span><math><mo>|</mo></math></span> NMC-811 than for Graphite <span><math><mo>|</mo></math></span> LFP cell chemistries. Regarding cell energy, thermal runaway reaction speed is nine times faster in NMC-811 cells and five times faster considering the whole propagation interval than LFP cells. However, since LFP cell chemistries have significantly lower energy densities than ternary cell chemistries, it must be verified whether the disadvantages in energy density can be compensated by advanced system integration. An analysis of cell-to-pack ratios for both cell chemistries has revealed that, based on average values, the gravimetric disadvantages are reduced to 16%, and the volumetric disadvantages can be completely compensated for at the pack level. However, future research should further focus on this issue as an accurate safety-related design depending on cell chemistry could enable a cost–benefit evaluation under the constraints of safety standards in the development of batteries for electric vehicles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100305"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590116823000802/pdfft?md5=4bcb8239bce76b7beb42decbdd4faa44&pid=1-s2.0-S2590116823000802-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138715166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A statistical distribution-based pack-integrated model towards state estimation for lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Xinan Zhou ,&nbsp;Sida Zhou ,&nbsp;Zichao Gao ,&nbsp;Gaowu Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Zong ,&nbsp;Jian Liu ,&nbsp;Feng Zhu ,&nbsp;Hai Ming ,&nbsp;Yifan Zheng ,&nbsp;Fei Chen ,&nbsp;Ning Cao ,&nbsp;Shichun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2023.100302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2023.100302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The estimation of lithium battery pack is always an essential but troubling issue which has difficulty on considering the inconsistency during state estimation. Herein, an innovative statistical distribution-based pack-integrated model for lithium-ion batteries is proposed and applied for state estimation including </span>state of charge and state of energy. The proposed method highlights the modelling concepts that the terminal voltage of the pack-integrated virtual cell is determined by all cells inside the pack, which takes the advantages of a designed dynamic-weighted terminal voltage according to the voltage distribution inside battery pack. Then, the issue of battery pack modelling and state estimation can be transferred into a virtual single cell and no longer have to consider the inconsistency within battery pack, with the advantages for further extending application from conventional battery modelling method based on single cell. Two kinds of mainstream batteries are experimented for validating, including lithium iron phosphate battery and LiNi</span>_0·5Co_0·2Mn_0·3O₂<span>, battery, and both have satisfactory precision, where the maximum error is about 1%–2%, and root mean squared error<span> (RMSE) is eliminated to about 1%. The proposed method is validated with better precision performances on estimating states of battery pack with less calculation and storage, and can be applied both on embedded systems and cloud management platforms.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100302"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138512532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A facile approach to form an artificial CEI layer induced by residual Li compounds on LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 and Li6PS5Cl for all-solid-state batteries","authors":"Jaeik Kim, Seungwoo Lee, Hyungjun Lee, Joonhyeok Park, Jaeyeong Lee, Janghun Park, Jeongheon Kim, Jiseok Kwon, Jongsung Jin, Jiung Cho, Ungyu Paik, Taeseup Song","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2023.100306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etran.2023.100306","url":null,"abstract":"<p>All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are attracting significant attention as alternatives to conventional lithium-ion batteries due to their safety and higher energy density. However, electrochemical reactions between the solid electrolytes and active materials result in the degradation of electrochemical cell performances. A conventional approach is to employ protective layers onto the active materials, but this approach could have the drawback of being costly and time-consuming. The artificial cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer generated by reactions between components within the electrode could provide a solution to these challenges. However, this approach can cause component degradation due to its intrinsically degradative nature of the forming process. In this study, we demonstrate the ASSBs with enhanced electrochemical performances by introducing lithium oxy-thiophosphate species (P-O_x-S_y-···Li⁺, LPOS) and LiCl artificial CEI layer, which could be spontaneously formed during heat treatment by chemical reactions between the solid electrolytes and residual Li compounds on the LiNi_0.9Co_0.05Mn_0.05O₂ (NCM) without the degradation. The LPOS-LiCl layer effectively suppresses the side reactions between solid electrolytes and NCM during the repeated electrochemical cyclings. As a result, the NCM full-cell (3.7 mAh cm⁻²) with the LPOS-LiCl artificial CEI layer exhibits 80.0 % cycle retention after 300 cycles at 0.2 C rate and room temperature. Moreover, it demonstrates 58 % higher Li-ion mobility and 36 % lower internal resistance after cycling compared to the NCM full-cell without the LPOS-LiCl artificial CEI layer.</p>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139027301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A facile approach to form an artificial CEI layer induced by residual Li compounds on LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 and Li6PS5Cl for all-solid-state batteries","authors":"Jaeik Kim ,&nbsp;Seungwoo Lee ,&nbsp;Hyungjun Lee ,&nbsp;Joonhyeok Park ,&nbsp;Jaeyeong Lee ,&nbsp;Janghun Park ,&nbsp;Jeongheon Kim ,&nbsp;Jiseok Kwon ,&nbsp;Jongsung Jin ,&nbsp;Jiung Cho ,&nbsp;Ungyu Paik ,&nbsp;Taeseup Song","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2023.100306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2023.100306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are attracting significant attention as alternatives to conventional lithium-ion batteries due to their safety and higher energy density. However, </span>electrochemical reactions<span> between the solid electrolytes<span> and active materials result in the degradation of electrochemical cell performances. A conventional approach is to employ protective layers onto the active materials, but this approach could have the drawback of being costly and time-consuming. The artificial cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer generated by reactions between components within the electrode could provide a solution to these challenges. However, this approach can cause component degradation due to its intrinsically degradative nature of the forming process. In this study, we demonstrate the ASSBs with enhanced electrochemical performances by introducing lithium oxy-thiophosphate species (P-O</span></span></span>_x-S_y-···Li⁺, LPOS) and LiCl artificial CEI layer, which could be spontaneously formed during heat treatment by chemical reactions between the solid electrolytes and residual Li compounds on the LiNi_0.9Co_0.05Mn_0.05O₂ (NCM) without the degradation. The LPOS-LiCl layer effectively suppresses the side reactions between solid electrolytes and NCM during the repeated electrochemical cyclings. As a result, the NCM full-cell (3.7 mAh cm⁻²) with the LPOS-LiCl artificial CEI layer exhibits 80.0 % cycle retention after 300 cycles at 0.2 C rate and room temperature. Moreover, it demonstrates 58 % higher Li-ion mobility and 36 % lower internal resistance after cycling compared to the NCM full-cell without the LPOS-LiCl artificial CEI layer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100306"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139013307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}