Environmental and Sustainability Indicators最新文献

{"title":"Bankruptcy rules and sustainable water management: A MODSIM-NSGAII simulation multi-objective optimization framework for equitable transboundary water allocation","authors":"Bentolhoda Asl-Rousta ,&nbsp;S. Jamshid Mousavi","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A primary challenge in shared or international water resources management is ensuring their \"equitable and reasonable utilization\". This issue is further complicated by scarcity and can be addressed using Bankruptcy Games (BG). Classical bankruptcy game methods assume homogenous resource accessibility, but water resource systems vary widely in both spatial and temporal dimensions. This study addresses these challenges by introducing a new optimal bankruptcy rule (OpPro rule) through a simulation-optimization model (MODSIM-NSGAII), where MODSIM simulates the spatial and temporal variability of water resources, and the NSGA-II optimization algorithm includes two objective functions of maximizing basin-wide ecological sustainability and maximizing economic efficiency reflecting \"equitable and reasonable utilization\" of water. A mechanism based on the rationality principle of cooperative games and the equity concept is designed to identify the most stable solution. Results indicate that the optimal bankruptcy coefficients for Iran and Iraq are 100 and 88, respectively, suggesting a 12% reduction in Iraq's agricultural water demands. Additionally, efficient water management practices and the cultivation of high-value agricultural products in Iraq are proposed to enhance the reasonable utilization of water in this country.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100648"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution and drivers of green total factor productivity network structure in the Yangtze River economic belt from the perspective of urban agglomerations","authors":"Huan Zhang ,&nbsp;Ting Song ,&nbsp;Jinhang Zheng ,&nbsp;Yuzhen Mei ,&nbsp;Jinhua Cheng ,&nbsp;Ruoyu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing inter-city Green Total Factor Productivity (GTFP) connections is crucial for achieving high-quality development across the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). This study constructs a spatial correlation network of GTFP for this region, analyzing its characteristics within the YREB and its three major urban agglomerations from 2005 to 2020 using social network analysis. QAP analysis is applied to explore the drivers of GTFP linkages between cities. Results reveal that (1) GTFP connectivity within the YREB strengthened continuously during the study period. The spatial correlation network density of GTFP in the YREB, Yangtze River Delta city cluster, middle reaches of Yangtze River City cluster and Chengdu-Chongqing City cluster showed a development trend of “rise-decline-rise,\" “rise-decline,\" “decline-rise,\" and “decline-rise-decline,\" respectively, and the network density always showed a “downstream &gt; midstream &gt; upstream\" and\"central city &gt; non-central city.” (2) GTFP network's center shifted from Wenzhou to Suzhou, then to Changsha, and finally to Shanghai, with a growing multi-centrality trend in the Yangtze River Delta, dominant roles for Changsha and Wuhan in the middle reaches, and consistent leadership by Chengdu in the Chengdu-Chongqing agglomeration. (3) QAP analysis identifies urban agglomeration construction, industrial development, technological innovation, and environmental regulation as key drivers of GTFP spatial linkages, with urban agglomeration construction having the greatest impact. To advance GTFP and foster coordinated development in the YREB, this study recommends that central cities lead through strategic guidance and incentives for less developed areas, supporting agglomeration construction, technological innovation, and environmental protection as pathways to sustainable, high-quality growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100644"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A different destiny after the ice age: Impacts of climate change on the global biogeography of Carasobarbus","authors":"Hadi Khoshnamvand ,&nbsp;Asghar Abdoli ,&nbsp;Karel Janko ,&nbsp;Seyed Mohsen Mousavi ,&nbsp;Kourosh Ahmadi ,&nbsp;Amir Naghibi ,&nbsp;Faraham Ahmadzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change poses a significant global challenge, profoundly affecting species distribution. In recent years, research focusing on the impacts of climate change on freshwater taxa has been relatively limited compared to studies on terrestrial taxa. This study seeks to identify hotspots and occurrences of all <em>Carasobarbus</em> freshwater fish species while also predicting the potential implications of climate change through the use of ensemble species distribution modeling (ESDM). Analyze climatic changes across various temporal scales: the Mid-Holocene (6000 years BP), the Last Glacial Maximum (21,000 years BP), the present, and future projections (2061–2080). Global circulation models (GCMs) showed strong predictive capabilities for the species climatic niches, with Area under the curve (AUC) and true skill statistics (TSS) values. Key predictors included Annual Mean Temperature, Mean Temperature of the Driest Quarter, and Precipitation of the Driest Month. The analysis revealed varied responses to climate change: Five and seven species are expected to lose climatically suitable habitats (losers) in SSP 126 and SSP 585, respectively, indicating heightened vulnerability, in SSP126 and SSP 585 four and three species are expected to see an increase (Winners) in their range respectively, and additionally, in SSP 126 and SSP 585 two and one species are anticipated to maintain approximately stable (Under 1 % change) distributions within their ranges under the specified scenarios. Additionally, the Iran-Anatolian hotspot emerges as crucial for <em>Carasobarbus</em> populations globally. The research highlights the effects of climate change on <em>Carasobarbus</em> distribution patterns, providing essential insights for conservation strategies and management to protect biodiversity in vulnerable regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100646"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying urban land expansion using remote sensing data and multi-evaluation indices in the Lower Yellow River, China","authors":"Dengshuai Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaonan Yang ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Huiqiang Fu ,&nbsp;Yifang Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring and assessing the dynamic trajectory, spatial patterns, and sustainability of urban construction land expansion is crucial for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and has become a key issue in current urban research. This study proposes an urban expansion assessment framework that leverages the \"trend-pattern-efficiency-coordination\" research path to monitor the spatiotemporal dynamics and sustainability of urban expansion in China's Lower Yellow River urban agglomeration (LYR) from 1990 to 2020 at 10-year intervals with multi-source remote sensing images and socioeconomic census data. The research findings indicated a significant acceleration in LYR's urban land growth over the past three decades, albeit with pronounced regional disparities in the magnitude and trend of urban land expansion across different prefectural cities. This study further integrated radar map and equal fan analysis to identify three dominant urban expansion patterns, explicitly showing the dominant direction and spatial shape features. Additionally, the EGRLCR and EGRPGR revealed a consistent downward trend from 1990 to 2020, with the LCRPGR ratio experiencing an initial decline followed by an increase over time. The investigation into the coupling coordination degree showed that most cities were in the high-level coupling stage accompanied by the continuously strengthening degree of coupling coordination. This paper also puts forward targeted countermeasures for cities experiencing uncoordinated urbanization to boost land use efficiency and sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100643"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forecasting the potential habitat for the spectacled bear and the Páramo ecoregion for current conditions and climate change scenarios in 2050: A contribution to SDG 15 in Perú, Ecuador and Colombia","authors":"Jaris Veneros ,&nbsp;Andrew J Hansen ,&nbsp;Patrick Jantz ,&nbsp;Elkin Noguera-Urbano ,&nbsp;Ligia García","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>SDG 15, part of the UN's 2030 Agenda, focuses on \"Life on Land\". Target 15.5 aims to address habitat degradation, halt biodiversity decline, and protect species from extinction by 2020. Linked to the Red List Index (15.1.1) and its sub-indicator (15.5.1.2), we integrated a methodology to support endangered species and ecoregions in the Life on Land-NASA Project for Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. This complements the Red List metric, harmonizing reporting systems and facilitating comprehensive SDG 15 reporting. These countries selected the Spectacled bear and the Páramo ecoregion as pilot species and ecoregion to establish a method for forecasting their habitat suitability for SDG 15 reporting (2019–2022). We used the SDM R package to model habitat suitability with 1,192 occurrence records and 1,000 pseudo-absences for the Spectacled bear, and 50,147 occurrence records and 10,000 pseudo-absences for the Páramo. The modeling incorporated 19 Bioclim variables, elevation, and Human Footprint for a baseline (1970–2000) and three RCPs for 2050. The habitat suitability modeling indicated a decline in the spectacled bear's habitat for two RCPs in the high occurrence category. The Páramo ecoregion showed a decrease in all RCPs in the high occurrence probability. Random Forest outperformed other models within the SDM. For the spectacled bear, altitude was crucial for current conditions, while bio6 (Min Temperature of Coldest Month) was significant for RCPs. Elevation was the most important variable for the Páramos in both current conditions and RCPs 2050.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100639"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in biomass and soil carbon storage and sequestration rates in different agroforestry systems with climatic zones and soil types","authors":"Sabiha Yeasmin Mazumder ,&nbsp;Jintu Kumar Bania ,&nbsp;Gudeta Weldesemayat Sileshi ,&nbsp;Mausam Kumar Paul ,&nbsp;Ashesh Kumar Das ,&nbsp;Arun Jyoti Nath","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agroforestry systems have gained substantial interest in environmental management and carbon sequestration on cropland. The expected changes in biomass and soil carbon are one of the major areas of uncertainty in greenhouse gas mitigation on croplands. Global syntheses of the carbon stocks, sequestration rates, and the uncertainties in different agroforestry systems are virtually lacking. Therefore, the objective of this study are (1) to quantify carbon storage and sequestration rate of different agroforestry systems with climatic zones and soil type, and (2) to assess the uncertainties in estimating biomass, soil carbon stocks, and sequestration rates across agroforestry systems. Using data from 129 and 121 primary studies, we estimated the global mean carbon stocks in agroforestry systems at 40.9 Mg ha⁻¹ in biomass and 159.1 Mg ha⁻¹ in soil up to the 100 cm depth. Approximately 3–4 times more carbon was stored in the soil than in biomass of the different agroforestry systems. We estimated carbon sequestration rates in agroforestry systems at 5.7 Mg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ in biomass and 1.4 Mg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ in the soil using data from 38 and 27 studies, respectively. Agrosilvopastoral systems stored higher mean biomass carbon and soil carbon stocks. Agrisilvicultural systems achieved higher biomass carbon sequestration rates, while agrosilvopastoral systems achieved higher soil carbon sequestration rates. Agroforestry systems in temperate climates stored higher biomass and soil carbon stocks than those in tropical climates. Agroforestry systems in subtropical climates achieved higher biomass and soil carbon sequestration rates compared to tropical and temperate regions. Agroforestry systems stored higher biomass carbon stocks on Gleysols, while those on Arenosols stored higher SOC stocks. For the first time, here we provide estimates and uncertainties associated with biomass and soil carbon stocks and sequestration rates in different agroforestry systems. These estimates may provide benchmark values against which future progress can be judged. Future progress in agroforestry can be judged by comparing field data to benchmarks: biomass carbon (40.9 Mg ha⁻¹), soil carbon (159.1 Mg ha⁻¹), and sequestration rates (5.7 Mg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ in biomass, 1.4 Mg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ in soil). Our findings are also expected to guide panning and decision-making regarding allocation of resource and development of evidence-based policies for environmental management using agroforestry interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100642"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding flood and drought extremes under a changing climate in the Blue Nile Basin: A review","authors":"Demelash Ademe Malede ,&nbsp;Vetrimurugan Elumalai ,&nbsp;Tesfa Gebrie Andualem ,&nbsp;Yilkal Gebeyehu Mekonnen ,&nbsp;Mesenbet Yibeltal ,&nbsp;Girum Getachew Demeke ,&nbsp;Tena Alamirew ,&nbsp;Shimelash Molla Kassaye ,&nbsp;Yonas Gebreslasie Hagos ,&nbsp;Anmut Enawgaw Kassie ,&nbsp;Mulatu Kassa ,&nbsp;Gizachew Sewagegn Berihun ,&nbsp;Ram L. Ray","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extreme flood and drought events arise from temporal and spatial variations in the Earth's water cycle, significantly affecting water resources and the environment. This review aimed to evaluate the effects of climate variabilities on extreme flood and drought events within the Blue Nile Basin. A systematic literature review and content analysis were conducted to understand the hydrological dynamics of floods and droughts. A Scopus database was used to find relevant literature review articles related to flood and drought extreme events using search terms queries. The findings suggest that rising temperatures and fluctuating precipitation patterns are leading to more frequent and severe floods and droughts. Future projections also suggest increased drought severity in most basin areas, coupled with more frequent floods. Fluctuations between dry and wet conditions have intensified these extremes. While insufficient rainfall triggers droughts, excessive and concentrated rainfall contributes to floods. The wet projection shows more frequent floods, while the dry projection indicates severe droughts throughout most of the basin. This review provides a valuable starting point for further action towards a more climate-resilient and water-secure for sustainable environmental development and management over the basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100638"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143428129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of carbon dioxide emissions in technology revolution 5.0: New insights in Vietnam","authors":"Vu Ngoc Xuan","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the determinants of carbon dioxide emissions within the context of Revolution 5.0, offering new insights specific to Vietnam. Understanding the environmental implications becomes imperative as the world undergoes unprecedented technological advancements. Data is collected in the World Bank from 2000 to 2023. The study used the random effect model- REM method, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, which examines both short- and long-term relationships among the variables. The analysis of GDP sheds light on the nation's economic growth, emphasizing the sectors contributing significantly to this expansion and addressing associated challenges and opportunities. Migration patterns are explored to understand their impact on the workforce and demographics, considering influencing policies and factors. Population dynamics are scrutinized to reveal trends and factors affecting growth or decline, mainly the demographic dividend. Carbon dioxide emissions are investigated to comprehend their sources and contributors while exploring governmental initiatives aimed at environmental sustainability. The empirical results show that if Vietnam's gross domestic product is up by 1%, carbon dioxide emissions are down by 0.49%. If the Vietnam migration is up by 1%, carbon dioxide emissions are up by 2.11%. If the population is up by 1%, the carbon dioxide emissions are up by 14.62%. If Vietnam's renewable energy consumption is up by 1%, carbon dioxide emissions are down 0.388%. The study recognizes the interconnectedness of these factors, and the paper concludes by summarizing key insights and discussing their implications for Vietnam's future economic and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, it provides recommendations for policymakers and suggests avenues for future research to deepen our understanding of Vietnam's evolving socioeconomic landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100636"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143428131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil quality dynamics in response to land-use management types and slope positions in northeastern highlands of Ethiopia","authors":"Andualem Belay ,&nbsp;Mohammed Assen ,&nbsp;Assefa Abegaz","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address watershed degradation in Ethiopia's northeastern highlands, diverse land-use management (LUM) practices have been implemented. However, their impacts on soil quality (SQ) vary, particularly across topographic slopes, which significantly influence erosion rates, water retention, and nutrient dynamics. Understanding these variations is crucial for designing targeted soil management strategies. This study evaluated SQ under five LUM types—enhanced forest (EF), agroforestry (AF), controlled grazing (CG), croplands with improved bunds (BCL), and traditional management (TCL)—across three slope positions in the Upper Gelana watershed. Seventy-one composite soil samples (0–30 cm) were analyzed for key SQ indicators, and Principal Component Analysis identified SOC, TN, CEC, bulk density, clay fraction, and available phosphorus as a minimum dataset for computing a soil quality index (SQI). Results revealed significant (p &lt; 0.05) impacts of LUM types and slope positions on SQ parameters. SQI rankings were EF &gt; AF &gt; CG &gt; BCL &gt; TCL. EF soils in lower slopes achieved the highest SQI (0.981) due to superior SOC, TN, and CEC, offering benchmarks for sustainable management. AF maintained high SQI (&gt;0.8) consistently across all slopes, demonstrating its potential for restoring degraded landscapes. TCL in upper slopes had the lowest SQI (0.6), indicating severe degradation and an urgent need to implement slope-specific management strategies, such as contour bunds with vegetation reinforcements to mitigate erosion. These findings underscore the need for integrated soil management strategies tailored to each land-use and slope needs. SQI can be used as a valuable diagnostic tool for guiding adaptive management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100641"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic and ecological inequality of urban scale carbon emissions aggravated over time in China from a social-ecological system perspective","authors":"Ling Zhang ,&nbsp;Qingxu Huang ,&nbsp;Yanxu Liu ,&nbsp;Delin Fang ,&nbsp;Xue-chao Wang ,&nbsp;Chang Gao ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Duan ,&nbsp;Jiansheng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the spatiotemporal carbon inequality in China is crucial for guiding ecological strategies and energy utilization across regions. However, there are still few studies simultaneously investigating economic and ecological inequalities of urban carbon emissions in China. Here, employing a multi-regional input-output model, trade-related terms, and the Gini coefficient, we quantified the changes in inequality in economic benefits and ecological endowment of urban carbon emissions in China from 2012 to 2017. We found that: (1) Economic inequality of carbon emissions has increased in China. Specifically, cities in the bottom 20% of the total value added accounted for 39% of the total CO₂ emissions in 2012, which increased to 44% in 2017. (2) Substantial ecological inequality in carbon emissions persisted, as regions with a 20% share of EcoNPP (net primary productivity that remains in ecosystems, a measure of carbon sequestration capacity) accounted for 91% of CO₂ emissions. This study provides a novel dual perspective on carbon inequality by integrating economic benefits and ecological endowments at the urban scale, and the observed inequality underscores the significant challenges many Chinese cities face in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 8.2 (promoting economic growth and efficient employment) and SDG 12.2 (achieving sustainable management and resource use), which are essential to the achievement of carbon neutrality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100637"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}