Environmental and Sustainability Indicators最新文献

{"title":"Delineation of groundwater potential zones of India using GIS based Fuzzy-AHP techniques","authors":"Manish Kumar ,&nbsp;Alka Dash ,&nbsp;Syed Irtiza Majid ,&nbsp;Akash Tiwari ,&nbsp;Sourav Bhadwal ,&nbsp;Netrananda Sahu","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>India's subtropical monsoon climate, rapid population growth, urban expansion, and industrial development pose long-term challenges to sustainable groundwater management. In this study, GIS-based Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy-AHP) has been employed to delineate Groundwater Potential (GWP) zones of India at national and state levels. Ten hydro-meteorological and physiographic factors were used and the resulting GWP zonation indicated that high, moderate, and low GWP zones encompass 27.43 %, 42.25 %, and 30.32 % of India's territory, respectively. High GWP zones are concentrated in the Indo-Gangetic plains, coastal regions, and scattered interiors, with states such as Tripura, Bihar, Punjab, Assam, West Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh having a majority of high GWP areas. Hilly states exhibit low GWP, while regions with consolidated formations display extremely low GWP. Moderate GWP is observed in Manipur and Nagaland due to high rainfall and uneven slopes. The reliability of the GWP map was validated with precision, recall, F1-score, F2-score, and accuracy scores of 0.67, 0.75, 0.71, 0.73, and 0.78, respectively. Probabilistic performance metrics of AUC-ROC = 0.86 and AUC-PR = 0.85 supported the performance metrics scores. The AUC-SR score indicated strong spatial prioritization capability of the GWP map, as nearly 70 % of validation locations were captured within the top 50 % of the GWP zones of this study. The domain knowledge of experts and the sensitivity analysis highlighted aquifers, drainage density, and groundwater depth as the most influential factors driving India's GWP, whereas LULC contributed with the minimal impact. This study offers a decision-support tool for informed groundwater planning and sustainable water resource management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100932"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vulnerability assessment of smallholder farmers to climate change in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia","authors":"Ethiopia Bisrat Zeleke ,&nbsp;Mebruk Mohammed ,&nbsp;Belete Berhanu Kidanewold","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smallholder farmers in Ethiopia's Awash River Basin face escalating climate risks that threaten water resources and livelihoods. This study quantifies vulnerability using an indicator-based framework of 15 indicators—six for exposure, four for sensitivity, and five for adaptive capacity. Indicator weights were derived through Principal Component Analysis, and vulnerability was mapped at 0.1° resolution. Temporal indicators (climate variables, vegetation health) were assessed monthly from 1981 to 2019, while static indicators drew from recent remote sensing products, reanalysis datasets, and national surveys. The analysis encompassed diverse production systems, including highland cropping, lowland pastoral, and mixed crop-livestock livelihoods.</div><div>Findings show a rising vulnerability trend, with severe years (1984, 1991, 2002, 2007–2009, 2011–2012, 2015, 2017) when up to 80 % of the basin faced moderate to high risk. Validation against drought records, crop yield data, and NDVI-based vegetation stress confirmed strong consistency (recall &gt;0.75) in identifying vulnerable periods. Cropping systems were the most exposed, while pastoral systems exhibited relatively greater resilience. Lowland areas, despite high climate exposure, benefited from irrigation and larger landholdings, improving adaptive capacity. The results further highlight pervasive climate vulnerability across the past four decades. For pastoralists, improved rangeland access can reduce risk, while irrigation infrastructure remains the most decisive factor for building resilience in cropping systems. Tailored regional strategies—expanding irrigation, safeguarding rangelands, and enhancing adaptive capacity—are critical for reducing vulnerability and supporting sustainable livelihoods in the Awash Basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100927"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmarking Vietnam's regions: A standardized indicator-based comparison of ecological sustainability","authors":"Thi Thanh Nhan Phan ,&nbsp;Levente Hufnagel","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecological sustainability is a pressing challenge, yet its evaluation remains hindered by fragmented indicators, low regional comparability, and limited attention to long-run progress. Addressing these shortcomings requires standardized frameworks that can capture both spatial variation and temporal change. For the purposes of correcting these deficits, this paper develops a standardized indicator-based approach suited to Vietnam, an emerging economy country that is suffering from critical ecological stresses. Eleven indicators are designed based on the ecological dimensions of the SDGs, analyzed with principal component and cluster analysis to examine regional performance from 2012 to 2022. The results reveal ongoing disparities and uneven progress, emphasizing the complexity of sustainability transitions in rapidly growing areas. Beyond Vietnam, the proposed framework illustrates how spatial–temporal benchmarking can bridge global sustainability agendas with local policy needs. By strengthening consistency and comparability, it provides applicable tools that can inform more balanced and context-sensitive sustainability strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100933"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Market-driven risks: Assessing exotic testudines trade and invasion potential","authors":"João Rato ,&nbsp;Pedro Brandão ,&nbsp;Filipe Banha ,&nbsp;Pedro Anastácio","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Testudines are popular pets, often becoming introduced species. Propagule pressure is crucial for invasion success but difficult to quantify. Since the pet trade is a major source, it can serve as a proxy. While CITES regulates some species, much of the international trade remains unrecorded, including illegal sales. This study examines exotic pet testudines availability in legal and illegal markets, analyses social media trade, explores the link between propagule pressure and wild populations, and assesses the representativeness of online markets using Portugal as a case study. Data were collected from pet stores, online platforms, and a Facebook group. A Relative Market Pressure (RMP) index was developed as a proxy for propagule pressure, considering trade frequency across different platforms. Results demonstrate significant variations in species composition among trade types. Online trade, especially social media, played a major role, with many prohibited species available. Human population density was a strong predictor of exotic turtle occurrence in the wild. This study highlights the importance of monitoring both physical and online trade. The RMP index is proposed as a useful tool for assessing propagule pressure. Stronger enforcement, adoption programs for invasive species, and turtle size sale restrictions are recommended to reduce releases and mitigate invasion risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100929"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal climate variability, human activity, and terrace mitigation of erosion in the Hani rice terraces, China, in 2020","authors":"Guangyong Zhang ,&nbsp;Linlin Huang ,&nbsp;Linxuan Miao ,&nbsp;Man Yang ,&nbsp;Sen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Hani Terrace, a UNESCO agricultural heritage site in China, exemplifies soil and water conservation through its integrated forest-village-terrace-water system. However, seasonal climate variability and increased human activity are raising soil erosion risks, with seasonal patterns and drivers remaining insufficiently understood. This study employs high-resolution remote sensing to map soil erosion dynamics in the Hani Terrace core area. Results show a mild annual erosion rate of 8.69 t/hm², with only 1.57 % of the area at high risk. Erosion peaks in the second quarter (73.33 % of annual loss) are driven by climate-intensified rainfall coinciding with human land-preparation activities that minimize vegetation cover. Terracing reduces erosion by 58.5 % compared to non-terraced areas (12.28 t/hm²) by shortening slope lengths and increasing plant cover. These 2020 findings clarify the seasonal drivers of soil erosion and quantify the protective effect of terracing, providing practical guidance for improving ecological resilience and soil-water management in mountainous heritage landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100930"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving economic and environmental stewardship in maize farming through legume integration and nitrogen management: impact on productivity-profitability-energy-carbon footprints","authors":"Khushboo Devi ,&nbsp;Subhash Babu ,&nbsp;Sanjay Singh Rathore ,&nbsp;Rishi Raj ,&nbsp;Aastika Pandey ,&nbsp;Ananya Gairola ,&nbsp;Vipin Kumar ,&nbsp;Md Yeasin ,&nbsp;Raghavendra Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low productivity, poor economic returns, and energy intensiveness often question the sustainability of conventional maize production systems. The experiment was arranged in a three-times-replicated split-plot design by assigning four maize + legume integrations: sole maize, maize + cowpea, maize + black gram, and maize + <em>Sesbania</em> in the main plot and three nitrogen (N) management practices, i.e., recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN; 150 N kg ha⁻¹), 125 % RDN, and 75 % RDN, in subplots. Results revealed that the maize + cowpea with RDN recorded 40.7 % higher system productivity over sole maize with RDN. The maize + cowpea with an RDN had the highest net return (1438.83 US$ ha⁻¹). Likewise, co-culturing of cowpea with maize resulted in 36.59 % higher energy productivity with 26.1 % lesser specific energy over sole maize. The RDN recorded higher net energy (74.65 GJ ha⁻¹) than other N management options. The maize+cowpea system with 75 % RDN recorded ∼16.7 % higher energy use efficiency compared to the maize+cowpea with RDN. Concerning C output, maize+cowpea registered ∼1.4 times higher C return than sole maize. Co-culturing of cowpea with maize recorded the lowest carbon footprint on energy (20.67 kg CO₂eq GJ⁻¹), productivity (0.304 kg CO₂eq kg⁻¹), and economic (1.41 kg CO₂eq US$⁻¹) scales over the rest. Likewise, reducing N doses by 25 % resulted in the least carbon footprint. The maize+cowpea system had maximum eco-efficiency (EE; 0.728 US$ kg GHG⁻¹). Among N management options, application of 75 % RDN registered the maximum EE. Hence, policy recommendations should focus on scaling up of maize + cowpea with optimized N management as a climate smart production model in semiarid agroecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100934"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green finance, climate risk and financial stability: Evidence from ASEAN+4 countries","authors":"Quang Khai Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the impact of green finance on financial stability and its moderating role in mitigating the adverse effects of climate risk on bank stability. The study uses data pertaining to green finance development and government involvement in the ASEAN+4 countries and territories from 2016 to 2023. The study used fixed-effects, quantile regression, system generalized method of moments (SGMM), and method of moments for quantile regression (MMQR) and yielded several key findings. First, green finance development enhances financial stability in countries with low financial stability but has a limited effect in economies with high financial stability. Second, government involvement in green finance contributes to financial stability across all ASEAN+4 countries and territories. Third, green finance helps reduce the negative impact of climate risk on financial stability. These findings highlight the crucial role of green finance in promoting financial resilience, particularly in the face of climate-related risks. Policymakers need to have specific policies that are appropriate to each country's level of financial stability to maintain financial stability and control the impact of climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100922"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Localization and its impact on achieving SDGs and transitioning to post-SDGs in Indonesia","authors":"Andi Besse Rimba,&nbsp;Ichiro Sato,&nbsp;Kei Endo","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The target year for the SDGs agenda, 2030, is rapidly approaching, yet progress still lags behind the targets, especially in developing countries. One method to enhance the attainment of the SDGs is through SDG localization. This study examined priority indicators at the provincial level in Indonesia. Utilizing Spearman's correlation and network analysis allowed for the detection of positive (synergy) or negative (trade-off) interactions between SDG indicators and the determination of priorities using degree centrality. This study identified twelve priority indicators, seven of which are localized indicators, with the majority falling under SDG 4 (Quality education: four indicators), SDG 3 (Good health and well-being: two indicators), and SDG 8 (Decent work and economic growth: one indicator). These findings demonstrate the significant role that localized indicators play in achieving the SDGs and planning the post-2030 SDGs agenda.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100926"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing plants and potential pollinator diversity: A case study of Mediterranean fruit orchards in agroecological transition","authors":"Juan Sorribas ,&nbsp;Isabel Escriche ,&nbsp;Rosa Vercher","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical-intensive agriculture greatly impacts on environmental sustainability and global insect biodiversity. Hence, it is essential to find ecological alternatives that preserve both non-crop plants and beneficial insects in agroecosystems. This research evaluates the effects of the abundance and diversity in flora and flower visitors of four ecological infrastructures in eastern Spain (field margins, sown ground cover, spontaneous ground cover, flowerbeds); and one control (herbicide-treated) in fruit orchards under agroecological transition. Flowerbeds exhibited the highest average ground cover (57.4 %) and flowering (59.5 %) whereas sown and spontaneous ground covers showed the highest average number of flowering plants (around 8 species/sampling), followed by field margins (3.6). Only a few plants were detected in the herbicide-treated orchard. Spring had a higher average flowering percentage (24.5 %), while winter (16.4 %) was comparable to autumn (17.6 %) and summer (15.9 %). A total of 59 flowering species were visited by potential pollinators, with <em>Scabiosa atropurpurea</em> being the most popular in the summer and <em>Diplotaxis erucoides</em> attracting the most honeybees. In total, 1775 individual insects belonging to 52 different species (or genera) were counted. Honeybees and <em>Pieris</em> butterflies were the most prevalent species. The ecological infrastructures made up 98 % of the counted insects, of which 63 % were found in the ground covers (sown and spontaneous), 23 % in flowerbeds, and 15 % in field margins<em>.</em> The best strategy, therefore, is combining spontaneous ground covers with specific flowerbeds (perennials) and preserve field margins to conserve the native plants. Thus, installing or preserving ecological infrastructures is key in the agroecological transition for biodiversity conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100924"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the implementation effectiveness of ecological protection policy based on element-pattern-function dimensions: A case of Changzhutan ecological green heart, China","authors":"Ke Huang ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A scientific and rational assessment of the efficacy of ecological protection policy is crucial for guiding future policy continuation or adjustments. Governments frequently prioritize policy formulation while often disregarding scientific evaluations of implementation outcomes, existing research predominantly assesses based on isolated aspects like ecosystem service functions and values, neglecting comprehensive changes in ecological elements and patterns. This study develops an assessment framework for “land use change, landscape pattern change, ecosystem service function change, and ecological protection effectiveness change.” It does a spatiotemporal comparison analysis to assess the success of the Changzhutan ecological green heart Protection Policy on its tenth anniversary, focusing on three dimensions: elements, patterns, and functions. (1) Element: policy has effectively slowed down the expansion rate of construction land in the study area, reducing the annual growth rate from 1.5 % to 0.8 %, while also slowing the rate of forestland and cropland loss, decreasing the speed of ecological degradation by 62.7 %. (2) Pattern: policy has effectively alleviated the fragmentation trend of cropland and forestland in the study area and the degradation rate of its core habitats, reducing the risk of complexification at the edges of construction land. It has also improved overall landscape connectivity and agglomeration. (3) Function: Policy has significantly improved the overall ecosystem service function in the study area, reducing the average annual decline in carbon storage from 4.0 % to 0.6 %, enhancing soil conservation capacity, and elevating habitat quality. The study's conclusions can offer scientific validation for enhancing and optimizing the efficacy of ecological protection policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100928"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}