Environmental and Sustainability Indicators最新文献

{"title":"Detection of Hydrological Alteration and soil erosion in a conserved tropical sub-humid ecosystem of Ethiopia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil erosion poses a significant challenge in the sub-humid Ethiopian highlands, yet research on the long-term effectiveness of soil and water conservation (SWC) practices in this region using pre- and post-conservation approaches remains limited. This study addresses this knowledge gap by evaluating the impact of SWC practices on water balance and soil erosion in the Debre Mawi watershed. The study covers two-period analyses: pre-conservation (2010–2014) and post-conservation (2015–2022) using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate hydrological water balance. Hydrological changes were assessed with the Indicators of Hydrological Alteration (IHA) software. Spatial and weekly sediment distribution were also computed. Results showed the SWAT effectively simulated stream flow, though sediment yield estimation was less accurate. The data demonstrated a reduction in surface runoff by 18% and a decrease in sediment yield by 75%. Conversely, evapotranspiration and groundwater storage experienced increases of 13% and 34%, respectively. The decrease in runoff and sediment can be attributed to the implementation of SWC structures with infiltration furrows, which are presently filled with sediment. Moreover, the expansion of eucalyptus tree acreage may deplete soil water during dry periods, thereby prolonging the time needed for the soil to become saturated and produce runoff, but the impact has yet to be quantified. The IHA analysis confirmed a decrease in mean annual flow from 0.06 m³/s to 0.02 m³/s, and sediment concentration decreased from 831.2 mg/l to 285 mg/l between the pre-and post-conservation periods. The study detected that soil erosion is higher than the allowable limits recommended for Ethiopia even after implementing SWCPs. Additionally, sediment transport reduced after the first three weeks due to improved ground cover and soil stability, although significant amounts were recorded until the end of the rainy season, primarily from gullies. The study found significant hydrological alterations in flow and sediment dynamics following the implementation of SWC practices, particularly pronounced in the early years post-conservation (2015–2018). However, the effectiveness of SWC practices diminished over time, with conditions beginning to revert to pre-conservation levels after 10 years. This suggests that these techniques (infiltration furrows) may be unsuitable for sub-humid watersheds, or that they require improved design and major maintenance beyond the third year. This study offers valuable insights into the dynamics of SWC interventions, underscoring the importance of integrating agronomic practices with SWC efforts to sustain long-term soil and water conservation in Ethiopia's sub-humid highlands. Future research should explore the hydrological effects of eucalyptus expansion and refine SWC practices suited to these unique conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurately uncovering the regional ecological restoration priorities: A multidimensional approach to eco-dynamic sustainable management","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate identification, projection and dynamic evaluation of ecological degradation priorities are important prerequisites for realizing ecological restoration and territorial protection. However, the complexity of ecological systems and environmental diversity often limit the effectiveness of single-model evaluation approaches. Utilizing Badong County as a case study, this paper integrated the InVEST-Circuit-PLUS model to comprehensively analyze the eco-dynamic sustainability and restoration needs. Through performing projection of land cover, construction of ecological source areas, calculation of ecological resistance characteristics and extraction of ecological elements, we were able to identify priority ecological restoration areas over a twenty-year period (2007–2027). The results revealed cyclical land cover transformations from forest to cropland and back to forest, with an overall trend of forest cover expansion. While the county's ecological quality showed a slight decline, the location and extent of high-value ecological source areas were mapped in detail. By integrating ecosystem service value assessments, driver factor analyses, and the development of a \"One Belt, Two Axes, Three Sources and Four Zones\" ecological management framework, we were able to uncover the nuanced spatial and temporal dynamics shaping the regional ecology. These findings provide an evidence-based foundation to guide targeted ecological restoration and sustainable land use planning, which has verified the feasibility of the framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring the rewilding of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest on tree and mammal diversity: From a biodiversity hotspot to a biodiversity hopespot","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The implementation of rewilding initiatives is crucial for biodiversity recovery, particularly in biodiversity hotspots such as the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Long-term monitoring of rewilding initiatives is critical for assessing progress and informing management choices. This study assesses the efficiency of different reforestation practices for biodiversity recovery, including passive restoration, active reforestation with different native seedlings, and plantations of exotic species. We applied an ecosystem approach to estimate the tree and mammal diversity, collected through forest plots and camera traps. We selected differently managed areas and included the oldest forest patches as reference points for the assessment of biodiversity; a naturally disturbed montane forest in the area was included as a control category for the disturbance analysis. Moreover, we investigated the influence of ecological variables, such as biodiversity, aboveground biomass, and altitude, on rewilding processes. Our results suggest that <em>Eucalyptus</em> plantations, a simplified ecosystem made up of monocultures of exotic species, support lower biodiversity. On the contrary, active reforestation with different native species resulted in an ecological status comparable to naturally regrown secondary forests. We show that active reforestation can reduce the time required for rewilding. We also found a positive correlation between tree and mammal species richness. These results underscore the importance and potential of responsible restoration efforts in recovering local biodiversity, contributing to the vision of a future where the Brazilian Atlantic Forest can be acknowledged not only as a biodiversity hotspot but also as a “hopespot.”</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of livelihood functional diversity on agro-food systems in rural communities from different macro regions of Brazil","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urbanization has changed the livelihood diversity of rural communities worldwide. This study aimed to fit an indicator of the functional diversity of livelihood activities to assess the heterogeneity of socioeconomic conditions and their influence on agro-food changes in rural communities in Brazil. This study was conducted in three macro regions of Brazil, through semi-structured questionnaire interviews conducted in 1012 households to verify details about food patterns, self-consumption farms, and socioeconomic conditions. Data from questionnaires were analyzed using multivariate statistical models to appraise similarities among communities and determine the relative influence of socioeconomic factors on agro-food patterns. Specific socioeconomic status and use of natural resource data were analyzed while adjusting for Petchey and Gaston's indicator of functional diversity to evaluate the heterogeneity of local livelihood activities and socioeconomic conditions. This indicator summarizes the proportional livelihood richness in all sampled places, as better conditions for survival were found in specific localities of the central-west and eastern Amazon regions of Brazil. We also verified that the remote areas of the Goiás and Pará states were regions with the most significant maintenance of traditional food habits and use of natural resources. Although these results do not allow us to establish that all of these areas are undergoing an agro-food transition process, some localities are more likely than others to adjust their livelihood strategies to face global food changes. This interdisciplinary approach facilitated the identification of the most similar groups regarding their livelihoods and socioeconomic conditions that influenced the agro-food transition process in rural regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies to scale up the technical, allocative and economic efficiency of major millet growing farmers in India – A primal system approach","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Millet farming, a sustainable and economically viable option for farmers, providing resilience against climate variability and market fluctuations. Despite the increasing significance of millets in agriculture, there is a notable research gap concerning the efficiency of their cultivation and its impact on input demand and costs. This study leverages data from CCPC for the AY 2021–22, focusing on major millets—Bajra, Jowar, and Ragi cultivated across various Indian states. The research aims to understand the technical, allocative, and economic inefficiencies in millet farming to enhance productivity and resource utilization. It is hypothesized that inefficiencies in millet cultivation significantly impact input demand and cultivation costs, and addressing these inefficiencies can lead to improved agricultural practices and yields. Employing primal Cobb-Douglas production function showed that human labor, seed quantity, and fertilizers positively impact millet cultivation. Technical inefficiency is a major issue with Bajra farmers in Gujarat, Haryana, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. For Jowar, farmers in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu are facing significant inefficiencies. In contrast, Karnataka and Odisha efficiently produce Ragi. Allocative inefficiency is noted in the over-utilization of animal and machine labor and fertilizers in Bajra cultivation, while these inputs are under-utilized in Jowar and Ragi cultivation. Both technical and allocative inefficiencies lead to increased input demand and higher cultivation costs across all three millets. The findings underscore the importance of state-specific strategies to address inefficiencies. These insights can guide policymakers in developing customized strategies to optimize millet cultivation, enhance yields and reduce costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Eco-DRR as a sustainability indicator for mangrove conservation in urbanized area of North Jakarta, Indonesia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eco-DRR is a holistic, ecosystem-based approach that utilizes ecosystems to sustainably mitigate the effects of natural disasters. This study analyses the Eco-DRR praxis at mangrove ecosystems at North Jakarta. The research employs semi-structured in-depth interviews with informants to reveal the mangrove management in the urbanized area of North Jakarta. The data collected are verified through triangulation of data sources. The sustainability of mangrove is assessed using Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) Rapfish Analysis. Additionally, comparative analysis is conducted by contrasting the two revealing findings of mangrove sustainability in protected and unprotected areas. The findings reveal that protected mangrove areas exhibit higher sustainability compared to unprotected ones distinguished by its Eco-DRR praxis. This research suggests that Eco-DRR praxis such as mangrove conservation, effectively minimize tidal flood risk, generate ecosystem services, and perform as an indicator to sustain the environment. The government policies govern the management of protected areas, emphasizing their role in providing ecosystem services and mitigating tidal floods. In contrast, unprotected areas face challenges due to less effective management, leading to suboptimal ecosystem services and reduced disaster risk reduction capacity. The key takeaway is the significance of community-based organizations, in enhancing and sustaining mangrove ecosystems, with strong participation and involvement among various stakeholders, ensures the services of mangrove ecosystems in both protected and unprotected areas, contributing to Eco-DRR and long-term environmental resilience. The praxis of Eco-DRR in the North Jakarta, Indonesia is geographically contextualized, where local praxis, policy reform, and knowledge basis in essential to support its sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An optical satellite-based analysis of phenology and post-fire vegetation recovery in UK upland moorlands","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vegetation fuel dynamics in the UK's upland moorlands are important in determining landscape susceptibility to wildfire. Changes in fuel availability are influenced by phenology, land management activities or disturbances such as wildfires. Monitoring such changes is therefore essential to assess wildfire risks and impacts. This study used vegetation indices (VIs) derived from Sentinel-2 time series (2017–2023) and harmonic modelling to capture the phenology of key fuel properties and monitor post-fire vegetation recovery in four upland land cover types (acid grassland, heather, heather grassland, bog). We identified periods of high flammability, assessed the impact of wildfires on the spectral signal, and determined the time for spectral recovery as well as potential drivers of recovery times. Results showed the period of highest flammability from mid-February to early May in acid grassland, extending to early June in heather and heather grassland, and late June in bog. Summer fires caused more pronounced changes in fuel properties than spring fires, particularly in moisture-related VIs. Graminoid-dominated areas recovered rapidly (under a year), matching field observations, while dwarf shrub-dominated areas required up to three years, consistent with measurements of vegetation cover on burned areas but not with height. Spectral recovery times were primarily explained by land cover class, burn severity, season, and winter snow cover (R2 = 0.66). Field data highlighted pre-fire stand age's role in heather recovery and grasses' impact on spectral signals. This study improves understanding of fuel dynamics in upland moorlands through satellite monitoring, providing critical insights for more effective wildfire risk assessments and management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking progress toward sustainable development goal 12 using Canadian industrial pollutants in waste","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canada's National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) is part of a global network of over 50 national Pollutant Release and Transfer Registries. These registries track industrial pollutant releases into the air, water, and land, and transfer and disposal of pollutants to various waste management practices. Despite the NPRI being a long-standing public dataset that can speak directly to Canadian progress on various reductions in chemical releases and waste generation sought by the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12, its data on pollutant transfers and disposals is so far overlooked in tracking SDG progress. This study aims to uncover the potential of this waste-related data to provide meaningful measures of progress toward SDG 12 using two case studies (on the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal and the Minamata Convention on Mercury) and a framework by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development to do so. The findings challenge the premise that progress in the current SDG 12.4 indicator (number of parties to international chemical agreements that transmit required information) also leads to progress on overall SDG 12.4 waste-related aims. This analysis sets a precedent for using publicly available PRTR data from any country to monitor progress toward SDG 12 waste-related objectives, opening up new possibilities for more accurate global tracking of this SDG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building high-resolution projections of temperature potential changes using statistical downscaling for the future period 2026–2100 in the highland region of Yemen – A supportive approach for empowering environmental planning and decision-making","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental resources and ecological systems are significantly affected by the steady rise of the global temperature. However, the degree of temperature change at the regional and local levels is uncertain. The uncertainty arises from various factors, but mostly due to the short length of ground data and dependency of local studies on the large-scale and spatially coarse output of Global Climate Models (GCMs). Therefore, the output of GCM cannot be directly used in impact assessment studies at a regional and local level. In this study, the Statistical Down-Scaling Model (SDSM) is employed to investigate the magnitude of temperature changes (Minimum and Maximum Temperature) for the future period 2026–2100. The SDSM builds relationships between large-scale predictors and local climate variables, allowing for finer-resolution projections at a regional level. The study utilized the Climate Hazard Infra-Red Temperature with Station (CHIRTS-daily) to complete daily missing records in more than 90 ground stations. Additionally, predictors of the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) for the historical period (1961–2010) and the Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2) for the future period (2026–2100) are employed to calibrate SDSM and to build finer-resolution scenarios under two representative concentration pathways; RCP2.6 and RCP8.5. The methodology additionally involved validating the SDSM performance using observed historical data before applying it to future projections. The findings indicate that both minimum and maximum temperatures (T-min and T-max) will increase, with a more pronounced rise in minimum temperature (T-min). Over the future period (2026–2100), the projected average temperature rise is 1.10 °C (T-max) and 1.43 °C (T-min) under RCP2.6. For RCP8.5, the projected average increases are 1.56 °C and 2.3 °C for T-max and T-min, respectively. Overall, the most significant increase is projected to occur in the 2090s (2076–2100) under RCP8.5, particularly in the lowlands and wadis of Al Mahwit and Raymah governorate. In these areas, the minimum temperature (T-min) exhibited an increased absolute value of up to 3.2 °C. This high rise in temperatures is expected to result in increased evapotranspiration, prolonged droughts, and possibly breakouts of some plant diseases and pests. This would require effective adaptation measures such as harvesting rainwater and growing short-time and heat-resistance crops. Engaging in field visits and social discussions added depth to the study by introducing various traditional methods and indigenous practices. Valuable resources for future efforts to mitigate the potential impacts of climate change are offered by these insights.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of dust emissions and their controlling factors on the Hoh Xil, north-central part of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dust emissions can lead to a series of environmental hazards and are thus a global concern. However, due to the difficulties of dust source identification, there are still great uncertainties in the calculation of dust yield on a global scale. The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau presents some challenges for understanding the region's calculation of the global dust budget. To address these issues, the Hoh Xil Plateau, a typical dust source on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, was selected as the study area for analyzing dust emission processes and associated influencing factors via a robust model. The results showed that dust emissions on the Hoh Xil Plateau occurred mainly in spring and winter. The wide distribution of bare land and sandy land on the Hoh Xil Plateau is the main reason for the high dust emissions. Wind speed is the dominant factor influencing annual dust emission, while precipitation and temperature were negatively correlated with the dust emission. The recession of expansive lakes in the region resulted in an increase in sandy lake-shores, which induced a potential increase in dust emissions. In addition, the effects of human activities on dust emissions were evident. Positive and negative effects on dust emission changes coexisted on the Hoh Xil Plateau and depended on the development of the county-level economy and the implementation of ecological engineering measures. We believe that this study will clarify the dust yield of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and provide valuable information for understanding the driving factors that cause variations in aeolian processes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}