Environmental and Sustainability Indicators最新文献

{"title":"Multicriteria firebreak planning for protecting ecological and cultural values under Wildfire risk: A case study in Catalonia","authors":"Jaime Carrasco-Barra ,&nbsp;José Ramón Gonzalez-Olabarria ,&nbsp;David Palacios ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Mahaluf ,&nbsp;Jordi Garcia-Gonzalo ,&nbsp;Andrés Weintraub","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a multicriteria optimization approach for the strategic selection of landscape stands to be included in firebreaks. The method integrates spatially explicit information on urban, floristic, archaeological, and paleontological assets, together with meteorological scenarios and and 10,000 dynamic fire spread simulations performed with Cell2Fire. Based on these simulations, we compute a stand-level Downstream Protection Value (DPV) index and apply an optimization procedure under different treatment constraints and weighting schemes. Three prioritization objectives are considered: (i) minimizing total burned area, regardless of the assets affected; (ii) minimizing burned area with a focus on protecting urban zones; and (iii) minimizing burned area and urban exposure while also accounting for high-value floristic areas and zones of archaeological and paleontological significance. The results show that treating no more than 5 % of the landscape, strategically managed for its inclusion in firebreaks, can reduce total burned area by up to 26 % and urban exposure by nearly 40 %. This framework provides a flexible and computationally efficient tool to support landscape-scale fire planning in complex, multi-value environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100956"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling SOC dynamics on cropland under different regenerative agriculture practices and climate change scenario using RothC model in the Abbay basin of Ethiopia","authors":"Wuletawu Abera ,&nbsp;Amsalu Tilaye ,&nbsp;Degefie Tibebe ,&nbsp;Assefa Abegaz","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change remains a pressing global challenge, demanding sustainable solutions to reduce its impact. Sustainable soil management (SSM) through regenerative agriculture offers a promising pathway by enhancing soil carbon sequestration, improving fertility, and sustaining ecosystem services. However, questions persist on investment requirements, achievable sequestration rates, and spatial distribution of benefits. Outcomes are further shaped by future climate conditions. This study quantifies soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration under SSM across four carbon input levels and two climate scenarios. Using the RothC model, SOC stock changes were simulated for croplands in Ethiopia's Abbay Basin from 2020 to 2070. Four scenarios, i.e. business-as-usual (BAU), low input (SSM1 = 20 %), medium input (SSM2 = 30 %), and high input (SSM3 = 50 %), were assessed under current and projected climates. Results show that all SSM scenarios increase SOC under current climate, though gains decline under future high-emission scenarios. SSM3 yields the largest SOC gains but faces adoption barriers from residue competition, labor, and manure availability. Carbon credit schemes and climate finance could enable wider adoption of SSM3 by offsetting costs and rewarding sequestration outcomes. Without such incentives, SSM1 and SSM2 offer more realistic entry points for smallholders but provide limited additional benefits under future conditions relative to BAU. SOC potential is spatially variable, emphasizing the need for targeted investments that balance the higher gains of intensive systems with the feasibility of lower-input options. This study highlights actionable soil stewardship measures and guides policymakers toward integrating soil carbon management into Ethiopia's soil health, climate adaptation, and food security strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100957"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Framework Flood Vulnerability in Oasis Ecosystems: Design of a Recurrence-Rate Metric","authors":"Laila El Ghazouani ,&nbsp;Adnane Labbaci ,&nbsp;Hassan Radoine ,&nbsp;Kh Md Nahiduzzaman ,&nbsp;Lhou Ed-dahby ,&nbsp;Mohammed Achalhi ,&nbsp;Hassan Ibouh","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although oases and desert regions are generally characterized by arid climates and minimal precipitation, they remain acutely vulnerable to flooding. This paradox constitutes the central focus of the present study, which investigates flood vulnerability in the oases of southern Morocco, with particular attention to the Tata region. The study distinguishes itself by structuring the vulnerability index through five distinct methodological frameworks while introducing a novel metric of vulnerability recurrence.</div><div>By integrating statistical analyses across the five frameworks, the study delineates the specific strengths and inherent limitations of each, while revealing the complex interactions among geological, socioeconomic, demographic, and topographic determinants that jointly structure spatial vulnerability patterns.</div><div>The results demonstrate that single-index approaches are inadequate, underscoring the need for multi-dimensional assessment. We therefore propose a dual-layer classification that evaluates vulnerability across five frameworks and ranks municipalities by how often they exceed a high-vulnerability threshold. This frequency—the Vulnerability Recurrence Rate (VRR)—is a novel, robust metric that captures cross-framework consistency of vulnerability, thereby advancing methodological and empirical understanding to support more targeted preparedness strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100948"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring characteristics and drivers of flood hazard under different urban development patterns","authors":"Ming Zhong ,&nbsp;Tailin Chen ,&nbsp;Lu Zhuo ,&nbsp;Zeqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Feng Ling ,&nbsp;Dawei Han","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban expansion can influence flooding by altering impervious area, surface runoff and the distribution of population. While the impact of urban development on flood hazards has been widely studied, the variation in flood characteristics in the context of urban development patterns remain insufficiently explored. This study analyzed flood characteristics and driving factors across 49 study units within the Pearl River Basin from 1998 to 2022. Using the VIC and CaMa-Flood models, we simulated river flood depth and captured inundation map. Nearly 2 % of built-up area suffer flood inundation, and by comparing inundated area without flood protection, there is around 88 % reduction in inundated area with 100-year flood protection level. Urban development patterns were identified by population and built-up area, then study units were grouped into four distinct types combined effects of flood hazard levels and urban development: (i) expanding units with hazard-improved, (ii) expanding units with hazard-unimproved, (iii) non-expanding units with hazard-improved, and (iv) non-expanding units with hazard-unimproved. Four driving factors are identified by Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, including vegetation coverage, elevation, distance to nearest drainage and soil permeability, which significantly influence flood hazard. This study presents a novel framework for assessing flood hazards by integrating urban development heterogeneity. Results would contribute to future urban planning and enhancing flood resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100955"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing multi-hazard resilience and urban integration: A quantitative framework for high-speed rail stations","authors":"Siyan Wang ,&nbsp;Beilei Hua ,&nbsp;Peixian Li ,&nbsp;Alessandra Travasso ,&nbsp;Xing Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With rapid urbanization and increasing extreme weather events, high-speed rail (HSR) stations must not only function as efficient transport nodes but also exhibit robust multi-disaster resilience and seamless integration with their urban surroundings. This study developed two hierarchical evaluation frameworks that assess (1) Resilience, which comprises a “basic” category and eight disaster-specific categories (earthquake, fire, strong winds, flooding, drought, heatwave, pollution, public health); (2) Station-city integration across urban, environmental, and social dimensions. We applied the frameworks to eight representative HSR stations in China's Yangtze River Delta via on-site audits, expert AHP weighting, and risk-based scoring. Composite scores underwent Spearman's rank correlation to identify key integration–resilience linkages and K-means clustering to reveal performance archetypes.</div><div>Total resilience scores spanned 46.1–64.1 out of 100, with fire, heatwave, and environmental pollution dominating, while earthquake, strong winds, and drought defenses lag. Integration scores ranged 60.9–76.8, driven by pedestrian flow and multimodal accessibility. Notable correlations include public-health resilience with environmental control and multimodal accessibility, and a trade-off between fire resilience and pedestrian flow management. Clustering identified one “high-integration and high-resilience” exemplar (Shanghai South), one “high-integration and moderate-resilience” group (Shanghai, Suzhou Stations), and a mid-range integration and resilience cluster for the remaining stations. Our findings underscore the effectiveness of integrated strategies, such as passive ventilation, daylight optimization, external shading, and multimodal connectivity design in achieving cost-effective, resilient, and well-integrated HSR stations, and offer archetype-specific strategies for future station planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100953"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological homogenization and convergence in urban ecosystems: A global synthesis of biotic, abiotic, and ecosystem dimensions","authors":"Shih-Chieh Chien","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban ecological homogenization and convergence describe the increasing similarity among cities in species composition and environmental conditions at both regional and global scales. Although widely used, these terms are inconsistently defined in the literature, contributing to mixed findings and limited clarity about their applications. This study addresses the issue by systematically reviewing 255 peer-reviewed publications, conducting a qualitative analysis of terminology usage, and applying a hierarchy-of-hypotheses framework to assess the support for urban ecological homogenization. The qualitative analysis of terminology use supports “ecological homogenization” as the most inclusive term, encompassing a broad scope of urban ecological patterns. Research on this topic has steadily grown from 1999 to 2024, yet geographic representation remains uneven, with regions such as Africa, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia underrepresented. To better understand the multifaceted nature of these concepts, this study categorized the literature into four dimensions: biotic, abiotic, ecosystem-level, and sociocultural. Within each, previous findings were synthesized across multiple spatial scales and habitat types. While 62 % of studies supported urban ecological homogenization or convergence, confirmation varied by scale and category, but not by terminology used. This synthesis identifies emerging research themes and offers recommendations for improving conceptual clarity and interdisciplinary integration. The findings provide a more holistic understanding of urban ecological change and inform urban planning and management, such as designing green spaces to preserve native biodiversity, mitigating soil and microclimate homogenization, and guiding infrastructure development to reduce ecological uniformity across cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100954"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the economic impact of insect pollination on the agricultural sector: A department-level case study in France","authors":"Yasmine Blili ,&nbsp;Elie Abou Nader ,&nbsp;Iciar Pavez ,&nbsp;Paolo Prosperi ,&nbsp;Rachid Harbouze ,&nbsp;Leonidas Sotirios Kyrgiakos ,&nbsp;Christina Kleisiari ,&nbsp;Marios Vasileiou ,&nbsp;Vasileios Angelopoulos ,&nbsp;George Vlontzos ,&nbsp;Georgios Kleftodimos","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pollination is a critical ecosystem service for agriculture, with 76 % of European food crops and 80 % of wild plants depending on it. However, bee populations are declining due to diseases, pesticides, and climate change, with major economic and environmental impacts. In France, pollination services are valued between 2,3 and 5,3 billion euros annually, but detailed data at the department scale (NUTS 3) is lacking. This study aims to fill this gap by quantifying the economic value of crop production (EVCP), the economic value of insect pollination (EVIP), and agricultural vulnerability to pollinator loss across all French departments. We analyzed data from 2022 for 34 major crops, of which 26 are pollinator-dependent, applying the dependence ratio method to estimate pollination contributions. We also developed a generalized additive model (GAM) to identify the main drivers of spatial variation in EVIP per hectare. We estimate France's economic value of crop production at 34,8 billion € and economic value of insect pollination at 4,2 billion €, with an agricultural vulnerability rate of 12 %. The highest economic value of insect pollination per hectare was recorded in Loire-Atlantique (19302,5 €/ha) and the lowest in Seine-Saint-Denis (575,5 €/ha). By analyzing crop-specific dependencies and regional production patterns, the study reveals that southern and western France, particularly departments specialized in fruit and vegetables, are most economically dependent and vulnerable to pollinator decline. The GAM explained 97.6 % of the variability in EVIP per hectare, revealing that fruit and vegetable cultivation strongly drives pollination value. The results highlight spatial disparities in pollination dependency and underscore the need for territorially targeted conservation strategies. Compared to previous studies, our findings suggest a significant underestimation of pollination value, highlighting the need for fine-scale entomological research and territorially targeted conservation strategies to support sustainable agricultural development. However, the study has some limitations: certain crop prices had to be approximated, dependence ratios were fixed and do not account for local ecological conditions, and some minor crops were excluded. Despite these constraints, the results remain robust and provide a reliable basis for territorialized conservation policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100944"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of geochemical tracers to determine the sources for Riverine sediment with different sizes in a forest-agricultural watershed, northern Iran","authors":"Vahid Beiranvandi,&nbsp;Abdulvahed Khaledi Darvishan,&nbsp;Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Because sediment sources, topography, and runoff vary, sediments generated in different parts of a watershed differ in size and properties, which affects the transport of various elements and contaminants. However, the variability of sediment particle size originating from various sources has not yet been considered. Therefore, the current research aimed to identify and separate sediment sources with different sizes of 0–2000 μm in the Kasilian representative watershed in Northern Iran. In this research, 40 soil samples were taken from different sediment sources of natural forest (10), hand planted forest (4), rangeland (14), and agricultural lands (8). In addition, 4 samples of suspended sediments were taken during two rainfall events in two monitoring stations of MS1 and MS2 in the middle and outlet of the studied watershed, respectively. In addition, four samples of fine-grained bed sediment were taken upstream of the river to determine the river bed's contribution as a sediment source. Then, the sediments were separated into four size classes of &lt;20, 20–40, 40–63, and &gt;63 μm. To select the optimal tracers for sediment fingerprinting, statistical analyses, including range tests, Kruskal-Wallis, and discriminant function analysis, were used, and finally, sediment sourcing was performed for each sediment size class using the FingerPro package in R software. The results showed that in both monitoring stations and two rainfall events, with the increase in sediment particle size from &lt;20 to &gt;63 μm, the mean contribution of river bed in sediment yield increases from ⁓4 to ⁓70 % and decreases from ⁓24 to ⁓4 %, respectively. Although the contribution of agricultural lands in &lt;20-μm sediments was 45 % and 49 % in MS1 and MS2, respectively, its contribution in &gt;20-μm sediments was insignificant. In MS1, the contribution of rangelands in sediment yield decreases with the increase in the size of the sediment particles. However, due to the location of a large part of the rangelands in the vicinity of the outlet of the watershed, its contribution to MS2 does not show a clear trend with the increase in the size of the sediment particles. This research provides a clear picture of the sediment transport processes of different sizes in the watershed to be used in soil conservation plans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100951"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the relationships among the water, temperature, salinity, and nutrients of aeolian sandy soils in the west arid zone of China","authors":"Yi Guo ,&nbsp;Hefang Jing ,&nbsp;Zhongwu Wan ,&nbsp;Haichao Li ,&nbsp;Shilong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interaction among soil water, temperature, salinity and nutrients is crucial for improving soil utilization efficiency, especially in the aeolian sandy soil of the arid areas in western China. To explore the interrelationships among these variables, a maize planting experiment was conducted at a test field in Baijitan National Nature Reserve of China in 2024. Drip irrigation was adopted, and a total of four drip irrigations were carried out during the planting period, with irrigation volume of 40 m³/time during the seedling stage, and 50 m³/time were used during other stages. Moreover, a small-scale agricultural meteorological station was set up at the test field to obtain data on soil water, temperature, salinity and nutrients of the 0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, 40–60 cm, 60–80 cm, 80–100 cm soil layers. The statistical analysis methods such as Pearson correlation coefficient method and least squares method were used to analyze these data, which monitored the changes of various soil indicators during the growth period of maize more effectively than the traditional methods. The results showed that the vertical distribution of soil water followed the parabolic model, and the correlation between surface water and salinity was significantly enhanced after irrigation. Soil temperature is negatively correlated with water and conforms to a cubic curve relationship. Most importantly, this study reveals the asymmetric regulatory mechanism of nutrients on hydrothermal factors: although the content of NO₃⁻ significantly increases soil water, it has a negative effect on temperature, while Nitrogen (N) content shows a positive effect on temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100949"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding spatiotemporal changes of crop species diversity for India","authors":"Chanda Kumari ,&nbsp;Roopam Shukla ,&nbsp;Christoph Gornott","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agrobiodiversity – a key principle of agroecology – integrates crop diversification as a key component for building resilient agricultural systems. Crop diversification focuses on transitioning from monoculture practices to multiple crop systems, thereby enhancing soil health, biodiversity, promoting dietary and nutritional diversity, and providing economic benefits to farmers. The study aims to quantify and evaluate changes in crop species diversity for India at the subnational scale (district level) and regional scale (Agro-Ecological Zones, AEZs) using the Shannon Index for Crop Species Diversity (CSD), Pielou's Index for Crop Species Evenness (CSE), and Margalef Index for Crop Species Richness (CSR). We analyzed the trends of the harvested area for 56 crops in 711 districts from 1997 to 2019, using a non-parametric method. The results report that regions with high diversity are located in the Southern Peninsular region. In the districts within high diversity regions, apart from rice and wheat, crops like sorghum, safflower, cotton, groundnut, sunflower, and sugarcane showcasing high crop richness with balanced abundance. In contrast, the northwestern and southeastern region shows lower CSD values, as 86 % of the crop composition is dominated by rice, indicating towards a predominance of monocultural practices. The trend analysis reveals that 18 % of the total districts show a significantly increasing trend in CSD and are classified as diversity hotspots, whereas 15 % of the total districts fall in the low diversity region as they show a significant decreasing trend. Based on these results, we argue that there is a need to address the declining crop species diversity, as the homogenization of crop species will have ecological, economic, and nutritional implications. The outcome of the study can help to identify target locations (with low and declining diversity) for designing climate-resilient agricultural practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100947"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}