Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio in ADHD: A Systematic Scoping Review.","authors":"Taryn A Machingo, Alisha M Bruton, Jennifer J Ryan, Jeanette M Johnstone","doi":"10.1007/s41252-024-00433-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41252-024-00433-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Neutrophil-lymphocyte and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (NLR, PLR) are easily calculated from routine blood tests and are increasingly being used in research to assess disease severity in inflammatory, infectious, and psychiatric conditions. The goal of this systematic scoping review was to broadly examine the literature on NLR and PLR and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PubMed/Medline, PsychInfo, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ClinicalTrials.gov, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number, Google Scholar, Directory of Open Access Journals, and ProQuest databases were searched.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 1542 articles evaluated, 15 were included. Fourteen studies evaluated children and adolescents with ADHD and one study evaluated adults. Study outcomes included the comparison of mean NLR and PLR values between ADHD and non-ADHD groups and the association of NLR and PLR values with measures of ADHD symptom severity. Four studies used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to identify potential cut points for the diagnosis of ADHD. Assessing NLR and PLR is economical and minimally invasive.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the 15 studies reviewed, findings suggest NLR and PLR may be promising biomarkers for ADHD. Additional research is justified to further investigate if routine incorporation of NLR and PLR into research and clinical practice could beneficially impact the diagnosis and treatment of patients with ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":36163,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144972424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Parent-reported Areas of Greatest Challenge for their ADHD and/or Autistic Children","authors":"Willow J. Sainsbury,&nbsp;Andrew J. O. Whitehouse,&nbsp;Kelly D. Carrasco,&nbsp;Hannah Waddington","doi":"10.1007/s41252-024-00431-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41252-024-00431-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36163,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"9 2","pages":"380 - 380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41252-024-00431-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145145477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Reinforcement in Applied Settings for Individuals with Autism: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Reem Muharib,&nbsp;Virginia L. Walker","doi":"10.1007/s41252-024-00419-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41252-024-00419-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>We conducted this systematic review to synthesize and assess studies employing differential reinforcement interventions implemented in applied settings by educators to address the challenging behavior of individuals with autism.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 17 studies, involving 26 participants with autism, were eligible for inclusion in the review. We systematically reviewed each study to examine key variables, study quality, and study outcomes.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Overall, Tau-U calculations suggested a large to a very large change in outcomes for interventions involving differential reinforcement. Tau-U was higher for interventions involving differential reinforcement of alternative behavior and differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior compared to differential reinforcement of other behavior and differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior. Study quality varied, with only three studies meeting all quality indicators.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>For a majority of participants, differential reinforcement resulted in positive outcomes for individuals with autism in applied settings. We discuss the results and offer preliminary guidance for practice and directions for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36163,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"9 3","pages":"449 - 462"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Challenging Behavior in a Young Adult with SYNGAP1-Related Disorder","authors":"Benjamin R. Thomas","doi":"10.1007/s41252-024-00418-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41252-024-00418-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Individuals with SYNGAP1-related disorder (SYNGAP1-RD) are increasingly identified as exhibiting severe, intensive, and challenging behavior. Research indicates that behavior dysregulation and need for mitigation strategies are top concerns for caregivers of those with SYNGAP1-RD. This paper reports on the functional analysis (FA) and behavioral treatment of challenging behavior in an adult with SYNGAP1-RD in a primary care setting.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Pretreatment assessments included Reinforcer Assessment for Individuals with Severe Disability (RAISD; Fisher et al., 1996), Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile® (SPAA; Brown &amp; Dunn, 2002), paired-choice preference assessment (Fisher et al., 1992), a pairwise, test-control functional analysis (FA; Iwata et al., 1994), and competing stimulus assessments (e.g., Piazza et al., 1998). Treatments were evaluated with a multiple-baseline design across functions and an embedded ABAB reversal design (Baer et al., 1968).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>FA revealed environmental sources of the behavior, including a socially-mediated contingency (access to preferred stimuli) as well as sensory stimulation the behavior produced (i.e., automatic reinforcement). Competing-stimulus treatments led to rapid reduction and behavioral stabilization across several settings with caregivers. </p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Results have implications for the emerging behavioral and sensory phenotypes in SYNGAP1-RD, as well as providing behavioral supports for adults with neurodevelopmental disorders in transitional medicine primary care settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36163,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"9 3","pages":"439 - 448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parent-reported Areas of Greatest Challenge for their ADHD and/or Autistic Children","authors":"Willow J. Sainsbury,&nbsp;Andrew J. O. Whitehouse,&nbsp;Kelly D. Carrasco,&nbsp;Hannah Waddington","doi":"10.1007/s41252-024-00417-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41252-024-00417-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study aimed to understand how parents describe the most challenging behaviors exhibited by their children diagnosed with autism and/or ADHD, how those behaviours impact their family, and whether challenges are directly related to the core characteristics of these conditions.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 258 New Zealand parents of children diagnosed with autism (<i>n</i> = 98), ADHD (<i>n</i> = 85), or both conditions (<i>n</i> = 75) answered an open-ended question about what child behaviour(s) provide the most challenge for their child/family’s life. Responses were coded into 13 domains.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The areas of greatest challenge fitted with the core characteristics of the respective diagnoses, but the co-occurring group favoured greater challenges in the autism domain. Emotional dysregulation challenges were substantial across all three groups. A significant predictor of parents reporting challenges in the autism and internalising domain was a higher age.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results have the potential to inform more targeted supports for children and families by considering what is important to parents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36163,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"9 2","pages":"330 - 337"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12222311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“We’re underserved, but we do the best we can”: Accessing Behavioral Health Services for Autistic Children in Rural Appalachia","authors":"Ryan J. Martin,&nbsp;Summer Bottini,&nbsp;Kait Gould,&nbsp;Ainsley Losh,&nbsp;Jaime Crowley-Zalaket,&nbsp;Meka N. McCammon,&nbsp;Jennifer R. Wolgemuth,&nbsp;Cynthia Anderson","doi":"10.1007/s41252-024-00416-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41252-024-00416-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Autistic children and their families, especially those with co-occurring externalizing behavior, benefit from specialized behavioral healthcare services such as behavioral parent training (BPT). While past research has examined common barriers to families accessing care in a broad sense, relatively little is known about the unique experiences of families in the Appalachian region.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The present study employed qualitative methods to explore the experiences of seven parents and three community providers interested in telehealth-delivered BPT for their autistic children/clients. Interviews inquired about participants’ experiences with autism and accessing care in rural Appalachia.</p><h3>Results &amp; Conclusions</h3><p>We found caregiver and provider perspectives aligned and centered around the multifaceted unmet needs of these families; barriers to accessing services in this region; factors that enable greater access, including telehealth; and the unique role that Appalachian culture plays in the provision of services. Preliminary recommendations for addressing the needs of autistic children and their families in rural Appalachia and directions for future research are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36163,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"9 2","pages":"366 - 379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between IQ and Its Components and Anxiety in Autistic Girls","authors":"Vicki Bitsika,&nbsp;Christopher F. Sharpley","doi":"10.1007/s41252-024-00415-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41252-024-00415-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To explore the effects of specific components of IQ on various forms of anxiety in autistic girls.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Full-Scale IQ, Block Design, Vocabulary, Matrix Reasoning and Similarities subtests of IQ, and Generalised Anxiety Disorder, Social Anxiety, and Separation Anxiety were assessed in a sample of 53 autistic girls aged 6 to 17 years old. The sample was dichotomised for age and menarche.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Matrix Reasoning was found to be the only meaningful correlate of Social Anxiety for the entire sample, although inversely. Exploratory analyses suggested the possible effect of a developmentally based interaction between aspects of IQ and anxiety in autistic girls.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The role of developmentally linked sex hormone influences upon the social brain and prefrontal cortex function may underlie the associations between Matrix Reasoning and Social Anxiety in autistic girls.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36163,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"9 3","pages":"429 - 438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41252-024-00415-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"¡Iniciando! la Adultez (Launching! to Adulthood): A cultural and linguistic adaptation of a group therapy program for young adults with autism spectrum disorder transitioning to adulthood","authors":"Antonio F. Pagán,&nbsp;Katherine A. Loveland,&nbsp;Ron Acierno","doi":"10.1007/s41252-024-00414-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41252-024-00414-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The transition to adulthood is a formative period of development for young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as they work towards independence and managing adult responsibilities. While evidence-based interventions have been developed for young adults with ASD, they have rarely been culturally and linguistically adapted for the Latino, Spanish-speaking community. The present study provided initial feasibility and acceptability data for a therapy program for Latino young adults with ASD transitioning to adulthood and their Spanish-speaking parents.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The culturally adapted and translated intervention, called <i>¡Iniciando!</i> la Adultez, is a 10-week therapy program based on an evidence-based treatment (<i>Launching!</i> to Adulthood). The culturally and linguistically adapted therapy program includes a weekend webinar series, Spanish parent group sessions, longer individual sessions, and more family sessions. Culturally, the Spanish-translated program integrates Latino parents and their values into the young adults’ transition.</p><h3>Results</h3><p><i>¡Iniciando!</i> was acceptable and feasible for the all participants (<i>n</i> = 64), with high ratings of satisfaction and cultural fit for parents (<i>n</i> = 38) and young adults (<i>n</i> = 26).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This culturally and linguistically adapted intervention program provided acceptable and feasible services to an underserved community of young adults with ASD transitioning to adulthood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36163,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"9 3","pages":"415 - 428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential of Virtual Reality to Improve Diagnostic Assessment by Boosting Autism Spectrum Disorder Traits: A Systematic Review","authors":"Mariangela Cerasuolo,&nbsp;Stefania De Marco,&nbsp;Raffaele Nappo,&nbsp;Roberta Simeoli,&nbsp;Angelo Rega","doi":"10.1007/s41252-024-00413-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41252-024-00413-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>While studies examining the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) systems in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) intervention have seen significant growth, research on their application as tools to improve assessment and diagnosis remains limited. This systematic review explores the potential of VR systems in speeding-up and enhancing the assessment process for ASD.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a systematic search of peer-reviewed research to identify studies that compared characteristics of autistic and neurotypical participants performing tasks in virtual environments. Pubmed and IEE Xplore databases were searched and screened using predetermined keywords and inclusion criteria related to ASD and virtual reality, resulting in the inclusion of 20 studies.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Studies reviewed revealed that VR technologies may serve as a booster of ASD “traits” that might otherwise go unnoticed when using traditional tools. Specifically, results indicated that ASD individuals exhibited distinct behavioral nuances compared to typically developing participants across four main domains: communication and social interaction skills, cognitive functioning and neurological pattern, sensory and physiological processing, and motor behavior and body movements. Also, recent studies analyzed here underscored the potential of integrating machine learning with VR technologies to enhance accuracy in identifying ASD based on motor behavior, eye gaze, and electrodermal activity.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The integration of VR technologies can complement traditional tools in ASD diagnosis, providing more objective and reliable assessment within a controlled, ecological, and motivating virtual environment. In addition, the reviewed literature suggests machine learning models combined with VR technologies may support phenotypic diagnosis, offering a more refined classification of ASD subgroups within immersive virtual contexts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36163,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"9 1","pages":"1 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Childhood Prevalence, Gender Ratio, and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Cyprus Using School Report: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Margarita Kilili-Lesta,&nbsp;Konstantinos Giannakou,&nbsp;Louiza Voniati","doi":"10.1007/s41252-024-00412-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41252-024-00412-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To determine the childhood prevalence and characteristics of ASD in Cyprus and identify the factors associated with it.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a large-scale cross-sectional study of children 5 to 12 years of age attending schools across all Cyprus districts. Data were collected between February 20, 2023, and June 23, 2023, through a school questionnaire obtaining school information, student demographics, ASD characteristics, and language information, based on schools’ special education databases.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Out of 9990 participants from 117 schools, a 1.8% prevalence of ASD was identified, with a substantial male predominance (80.3%, gender ratio 4.1). ASD prevalence was significantly lower in primary schools (1.3%, <i>p</i>&lt;0.001) and markedly higher in special schools (41.9%, <i>p</i>&lt;0.001) compared to pre-primary schools (2.7%, <i>p</i>&lt;0.001). No significant differences were observed across age groups or school types (<i>p</i>&gt;0.05). Most children with ASD (90.4%) received support primarily through speech-language therapy and special education (93.8%). Approximately 55.6% were reported as nonverbal/minimally verbal. Common comorbidities included attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (37.6%) and intellectual disability (10.7%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis highlighted gender (OR 0.26, 95% C.I. 0.18–0.38), school system (OR 21.04, 95% C.I. 9.94–44.26), and school level (OR 0.48, 95% C.I. 0.34–0.67) as significant factors associated with ASD prevalence (<i>p</i>&lt;0.001).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A 1.8% prevalence of ASD was identified, with 80.3% male representation and a 4.1 gender ratio. The likelihood of ASD was greater among males and those attending pre-primary or special schools. We displayed the need for ASD public policy enforcement in Cyprus mandating screenings in pre-primary schools for early identification, and monitoring prevalence rates through a central database, for adequate service planning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36163,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"9 1","pages":"168 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41252-024-00412-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141824225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}