{"title":"通过学校报告了解塞浦路斯自闭症谱系障碍的儿童患病率、性别比例和特征：一项横断面研究","authors":"Margarita Kilili-Lesta, Konstantinos Giannakou, Louiza Voniati","doi":"10.1007/s41252-024-00412-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To determine the childhood prevalence and characteristics of ASD in Cyprus and identify the factors associated with it.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a large-scale cross-sectional study of children 5 to 12 years of age attending schools across all Cyprus districts. Data were collected between February 20, 2023, and June 23, 2023, through a school questionnaire obtaining school information, student demographics, ASD characteristics, and language information, based on schools’ special education databases.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Out of 9990 participants from 117 schools, a 1.8% prevalence of ASD was identified, with a substantial male predominance (80.3%, gender ratio 4.1). ASD prevalence was significantly lower in primary schools (1.3%, <i>p</i><0.001) and markedly higher in special schools (41.9%, <i>p</i><0.001) compared to pre-primary schools (2.7%, <i>p</i><0.001). No significant differences were observed across age groups or school types (<i>p</i>>0.05). Most children with ASD (90.4%) received support primarily through speech-language therapy and special education (93.8%). Approximately 55.6% were reported as nonverbal/minimally verbal. Common comorbidities included attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (37.6%) and intellectual disability (10.7%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis highlighted gender (OR 0.26, 95% C.I. 0.18–0.38), school system (OR 21.04, 95% C.I. 9.94–44.26), and school level (OR 0.48, 95% C.I. 0.34–0.67) as significant factors associated with ASD prevalence (<i>p</i><0.001).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A 1.8% prevalence of ASD was identified, with 80.3% male representation and a 4.1 gender ratio. The likelihood of ASD was greater among males and those attending pre-primary or special schools. We displayed the need for ASD public policy enforcement in Cyprus mandating screenings in pre-primary schools for early identification, and monitoring prevalence rates through a central database, for adequate service planning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36163,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"9 1","pages":"168 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41252-024-00412-2.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The Childhood Prevalence, Gender Ratio, and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Cyprus Using School Report: A Cross-Sectional Study\",\"authors\":\"Margarita Kilili-Lesta, Konstantinos Giannakou, Louiza Voniati\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s41252-024-00412-2\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To determine the childhood prevalence and characteristics of ASD in Cyprus and identify the factors associated with it.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a large-scale cross-sectional study of children 5 to 12 years of age attending schools across all Cyprus districts. Data were collected between February 20, 2023, and June 23, 2023, through a school questionnaire obtaining school information, student demographics, ASD characteristics, and language information, based on schools’ special education databases.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Out of 9990 participants from 117 schools, a 1.8% prevalence of ASD was identified, with a substantial male predominance (80.3%, gender ratio 4.1). ASD prevalence was significantly lower in primary schools (1.3%, <i>p</i><0.001) and markedly higher in special schools (41.9%, <i>p</i><0.001) compared to pre-primary schools (2.7%, <i>p</i><0.001). No significant differences were observed across age groups or school types (<i>p</i>>0.05). Most children with ASD (90.4%) received support primarily through speech-language therapy and special education (93.8%). Approximately 55.6% were reported as nonverbal/minimally verbal. Common comorbidities included attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (37.6%) and intellectual disability (10.7%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis highlighted gender (OR 0.26, 95% C.I. 0.18–0.38), school system (OR 21.04, 95% C.I. 9.94–44.26), and school level (OR 0.48, 95% C.I. 0.34–0.67) as significant factors associated with ASD prevalence (<i>p</i><0.001).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A 1.8% prevalence of ASD was identified, with 80.3% male representation and a 4.1 gender ratio. The likelihood of ASD was greater among males and those attending pre-primary or special schools. We displayed the need for ASD public policy enforcement in Cyprus mandating screenings in pre-primary schools for early identification, and monitoring prevalence rates through a central database, for adequate service planning.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":36163,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders\",\"volume\":\"9 1\",\"pages\":\"168 - 179\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-07-19\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41252-024-00412-2.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41252-024-00412-2\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"EDUCATION, SPECIAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41252-024-00412-2","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"EDUCATION, SPECIAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
The Childhood Prevalence, Gender Ratio, and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Cyprus Using School Report: A Cross-Sectional Study
Objectives
To determine the childhood prevalence and characteristics of ASD in Cyprus and identify the factors associated with it.
Methods
This was a large-scale cross-sectional study of children 5 to 12 years of age attending schools across all Cyprus districts. Data were collected between February 20, 2023, and June 23, 2023, through a school questionnaire obtaining school information, student demographics, ASD characteristics, and language information, based on schools’ special education databases.
Results
Out of 9990 participants from 117 schools, a 1.8% prevalence of ASD was identified, with a substantial male predominance (80.3%, gender ratio 4.1). ASD prevalence was significantly lower in primary schools (1.3%, p<0.001) and markedly higher in special schools (41.9%, p<0.001) compared to pre-primary schools (2.7%, p<0.001). No significant differences were observed across age groups or school types (p>0.05). Most children with ASD (90.4%) received support primarily through speech-language therapy and special education (93.8%). Approximately 55.6% were reported as nonverbal/minimally verbal. Common comorbidities included attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (37.6%) and intellectual disability (10.7%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis highlighted gender (OR 0.26, 95% C.I. 0.18–0.38), school system (OR 21.04, 95% C.I. 9.94–44.26), and school level (OR 0.48, 95% C.I. 0.34–0.67) as significant factors associated with ASD prevalence (p<0.001).
Conclusions
A 1.8% prevalence of ASD was identified, with 80.3% male representation and a 4.1 gender ratio. The likelihood of ASD was greater among males and those attending pre-primary or special schools. We displayed the need for ASD public policy enforcement in Cyprus mandating screenings in pre-primary schools for early identification, and monitoring prevalence rates through a central database, for adequate service planning.
期刊介绍：
Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders publishes high-quality research in the broad area of neurodevelopmental disorders across the lifespan. Study participants may include individuals with:Intellectual and developmental disabilitiesGlobal developmental delayCommunication disordersLanguage disordersSpeech sound disordersChildhood-onset fluency disorders (e.g., stuttering)Social (e.g., pragmatic) communication disordersUnspecified communication disordersAutism spectrum disorder (ASD)Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), specified and unspecifiedSpecific learning disordersMotor disordersDevelopmental coordination disordersStereotypic movement disorderTic disorders, specified and unspecifiedOther neurodevelopmental disorders, specified and unspecifiedPapers may also include studies of participants with neurodegenerative disorders that lead to a decline in intellectual functioning, including Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia, corticobasal degeneration, Huntington’s disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy. The journal includes empirical, theoretical and review papers on a large variety of issues, populations, and domains, including but not limited to: diagnosis; incidence and prevalence; and educational, pharmacological, behavioral and cognitive behavioral, mindfulness, and psychosocial interventions across the life span. Animal models of basic research that inform the understanding and treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders are also welcomed. The journal is multidisciplinary and multi-theoretical, and encourages research from multiple specialties in the social sciences using quantitative and mixed-method research methodologies.
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