Trees, Forests and People最新文献

{"title":"Variations in fine root dynamics of Tectona grandis among natural and managed systems of Central Himalaya, India","authors":"Himani Karki ,&nbsp;Rachita Pandey ,&nbsp;Kiran Bargali ,&nbsp;Surendra Singh Bargali ,&nbsp;Munesh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tree fine roots contribute to manage the microclimate of soil through regulating the physico-chemical and biological attributes within an ecosystem. Present research was confined with fine root dynamics of <em>Tectona grandis</em> in the three sites include, one natural forest and two managed agroforestry systems of Central Himalaya, India with the aim to analyse the relationship between soil and fine root parameters to assess the temporal growth pattern in fine root parameters and to depict the vertical distribution and annual variation of fine roots under natural versus artificial systems. This research work was conducted during the year 2020 to 2022. Sequential core method was used for the estimation of biomass while, ingrowth core method for the production of fine root. Seasonal sampling of fine roots was done up to the three soil depths, i.e., 0–20 cm, 20–40 cm and 40–60 cm in triplicates. Sand, silt, pH were negatively correlated (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) while, clay, water holding capacity, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen showed positive correlation (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) with fine roots. Various traits of fine root were observed higher in natural system as compared to the managed systems. Rainy season was the most suitable period for the production of fine roots while, summer was least favourable. Soil profundity was inversely correlated with fine root traits. Greater carbon was recorded in the natural system (2.74 %) as compared to the managed systems (1.14 %) but nutrient uptake was observed higher in managed systems (37.50 %) than the natural system (34.21 %). Fine roots were significantly affected by land use forms, seasons and soil profundity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101010"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRAs) between Indonesia’s SRN and international standards to expand forestry carbon credits in VCMs","authors":"Riko Wahyudi ,&nbsp;Wahyu Marjaka ,&nbsp;Christian Silangen ,&nbsp;Jatna Supriatna ,&nbsp;Muis Fajar ,&nbsp;Nurul Laksmi Winarni ,&nbsp;I Wayan Susi Dharmawan","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Indonesia’s forestry sector holds vast potential for offsetting emissions from major sectors like energy and industry<strong>,</strong> yet its participation in international voluntary carbon markets (VCMs) is hindered by regulatory uncertainty, limited recognition of Indonesia’s National Registry System (SRN), and restricted access to international standards. This paper examines how Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRAs) between SRN and major international standards – such as Verra, Gold Standard (GS), ART-TREES <strong>–</strong> could address these barriers. Employing a mixed-methods policy review design, the study combined a structured reviews of literature (e.g., government regulations, decrees, guidelines, and policy briefs; international standards’ guidelines; academic publications; and carbon market reports) with primary qualitative data from expert interviews and stakeholder consultations. Data were analyzed thematically through inductive and deductive coding, progressing from first-order codes to aggregate dimensions, with triangulation across documents, interviews, and consultations enhancing robustness. Findings highlight critical challenges in methodological alignment, transparency, validation and verification rigor, and registry interoperability. Stakeholders emphasized that well-designed MRAs could enhance SRN’s credibility, enable dual logo certification, strengthen investor confidence, and open sustainable revenue streams. A phased strategy, begining with mutual recognition of methodologies, progressing to dual validation, advancing toward full registry interoperability, could allow Indonesia to balance market access with regulatory sovereignty. If implemented under clear mandates and inclusive governance, MRAs could transform Indonesia’s forest carbon credits into credible global assets while supporting national climate goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101017"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting climate impacts on Quercus mongolica carbon sequestration: A case study from temperate forests of northeast China","authors":"Jiawei Zhang ,&nbsp;Chen Liang ,&nbsp;Chong Mo ,&nbsp;Xiuming Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhe Han ,&nbsp;Qiang Liu ,&nbsp;Xuemei Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global ecosystems are being significantly impacted by climate change and rising carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels. Trees can adjust the photosynthetic process in reaction to climate change, playing an important role in moderating global warming. However, there has been little systematic research into how climate conditions interact to influence tree carbon sequestration ability. This study focused on <em>Quercus mongolica</em> in the Maoershan forest of northeastern China, with the objectives of (1) Through wood anatomy, investigate the response mechanisms of xylem anatomical characteristics to climatic factors; (2) Integrating wood anatomical data with local climate data, constructing a fine-scale carbon sequestration prediction model PINN-LSTM4CSP based on physical knowledge and historical data. Wood anatomy revealed that elevated temperatures typically cause a reduction in vessel diameter and thickening of the vessel cell wall. Furthermore, increased precipitation was found to substantially alleviate the adverse impacts of high temperatures on vessel diameter. Changes in these anatomical characteristics directly correlate with and influence tree carbon sequestration capacity. The results of the prediction model validation demonstrate that PINN-LSTM4CSP outperforms existing models (Data-driven GRU, Data-driven LSTM), with much improved prediction accuracy (<span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0.9335</mn></mrow></math></span>) and over 40 % reduction in key error metrics (MSE, RMSE). These findings not only support the significant potential of combining physical mechanisms and deep learning to improve carbon sequestration prediction accuracy, but more importantly, they provide key technical support for achieving more reliable and high-resolution dynamic assessments of regional forest carbon sequestration, and lay the groundwork for future research on sustainable forest management, carbon sink assessment, and climate reconstruction in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers of forest land, management, and policy changes in Latvia: Over a century of transitions","authors":"Karina Stankevica ,&nbsp;Zane Vincevica-Gaile ,&nbsp;Janis Krumins ,&nbsp;Juris Paiders ,&nbsp;Maris Klavins","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the complex interplay of political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors that have shaped forest land use, management, and policy in Latvia over the past century. Using a PESTEL analysis approach, the research identifies and evaluates the relative importance of these driving forces across six distinct historical-political periods, from the Russian Empire to Latvia's current EU membership. The findings reveal that political and economic factors have consistently been the dominant influences, with their relative weights shifting according to the prevailing governance systems. The study highlights how occupations have led to unsustainable forest exploitation, while Latvia’s independence and subsequent integration in the European Union have fostered more balanced approaches to forest management. The paper concludes that while environmental factors, particularly climate change, are increasingly significant, political and institutional decisions remain crucial in shaping forest policy. This historical perspective provides valuable insights for anticipating future forest changes and developing sustainable management strategies in Latvia, as well as potentially in other countries with similar historical trajectories. The study may serve to integrate the perspectives of forest researchers, policymakers, environmental activists, and land-use experts to enhance the understanding of forest governance and sustainability challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101015"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate-driven habitat shifts and conservation gaps for Himalayan Solomon’s Seal (Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall) Royle) in Nepal Himalaya","authors":"Babu Ram Paudel ,&nbsp;Chandra Kanta Subedi ,&nbsp;Meena Rajbhandary ,&nbsp;Ram Prasad Chaudhary","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Medicinal plants in the Nepal Himalaya are important commodities for the sustenance of local livelihoods and the national economy. Therefore, assessing the impact of climate change on highly valued medicinal plants is a critical need given their substantial vulnerability. <em>Polygonatum cirrhifolium</em> is an important medicinal plant of the Nepal Himalaya, contributing substantially to rural livelihoods and the national economy. In this study, using Maxent, we modelled the climate-driven habitat shifts and conservation gaps to <em>P. cirrhifolium</em> under current and four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs: 1–2.6, 2–4.5, 3–7.0, and 5–8.5) for multiple timeframes from 2021 to 2100. Our results revealed that evapotranspiration, annual precipitation, and temperature seasonality are the major factors affecting the distribution of <em>P. cirrhifolium</em> in the Nepal Himalaya. Habitat modelling reveals that for the current scenario, only 8.74 % of Nepal’s area is predicted to be suitable habitat, with only <em>ca</em> 20 % area occurring within the protected area systems (PAs). Future predictions indicate habitat contraction for most scenarios/periods, while expansion for some scenarios/periods. Gap analysis revealed that over 80 % of suitable areas both for the current and all future scenarios/ periods lie outside PAs, indicating increased vulnerability from overharvesting and habitat disruption. We suggest protecting identified climate refugia, establishing conservation zones and habitat corridors among climate refugia, enforcing sustainable harvest regulations, and implementing assisted migration to newly identified habitats, all supported by strengthened policy, continuous monitoring, and community engagement, as the key strategies to ensure the long-term conservation of <em>P. cirrhifolium</em> in the Nepal Himalaya. The findings provide actionable insights for climate-resilient conservation planning of high-value medicinal plants in the Himalaya.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101016"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relaxing in nature: A discrete choice experiment for forest restorative trails","authors":"Sandra Notaro ,&nbsp;Gianluca Grilli ,&nbsp;Alessandro Paletto ,&nbsp;Cristian Pavaleanu","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, forest recreation has been spreading worldwide to improve citizens' physical and mental well-being with an active and stressful lifestyle. However, research to date has yet to determine suitable forest stand characteristics for restoration, and the socio-economic benefits of these forest-based initiatives at a local level. This study investigates people’s preferences towards some key characteristics of forest restorative trails (sensory experiences and meditation, site and stand features). To this end, the study was conducted through an online survey with a convenience sample of 505 potential forest bathers in Italy, using the Discrete Choice Experiments method, which allowed us to identify people’s willingness to pay for the different characteristics, considering respondents’ trade-offs among changes in the characteristics. The results highlight two potential groups of users: the first one is composed of people who are more likely to participate with a certified guide, while the second one is composed of independent users. The results show the highest willingness to pay for stand features such as European beech forests (€ 5.9) and the presence of water elements (€ 4.3). While results are primarily case specific and difficult to generalise, they provided by this study can support decision-makers in identifying and modeling sites suitable for restorative activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101011"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic variability and ecosystem services of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss): A two-decadal systematic study for harnessing global sustainable goals","authors":"Ayushman Malakar ,&nbsp;Suman Dutta ,&nbsp;Navneet Shukla ,&nbsp;Spandan Dasgupta ,&nbsp;Rudra Pratap Singh ,&nbsp;Shripati Dwivedi ,&nbsp;Shivangi Maheshwari ,&nbsp;Pankaj Dayal Sharma ,&nbsp;Avijit Pattanaik ,&nbsp;Subrata Gorain ,&nbsp;Animesh Sinha","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neem is native to the Indian subcontinent and recognized globally for its ethno-medicinal and bio-pesticidal properties. The increasing global demand for Neem and its derivatives has intrigued researchers worldwide to concentrate on its medicinal, agrochemical, and industrial applications. Despite its high significance, a thorough understanding of the genetic potential and ecosystem services of this species remains insufficient till date. In this systematic review, we have utilized two decades of literatures from the Web of Science database from 2000 to 2024. We identified 696 articles after applying inclusion-exclusion criteria structured by PRISMA. The primary aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive knowledge base for the current research landscape regarding the genetics and ecology of Neem and how its potential can be used to sustainably mitigate global problems. The analysis of existing literatures identified highest contributions from India with expanding interests in international collaborations among the researchers. This study highlighted existence of ample genetic variability in natural Neem population across the globe and explored various ecosystem services provided by Neem, facilitating the achievement of multiple sustainable development goals. The co-occurrence analysis and thematic mapping of keywords showcased Neem’s efficacy in agroforestry and integrated pest management practices. The uniqueness of this study is integration of qualitative synthesis and in-depth systematic review, which guarantees a comprehensive understanding of global research trends in Neem and its future prospects. Further, this study identified several remaining gaps in tree-breeding, improvement and population ecology of Neem that warrant further investigation as future research prospects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101014"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The perception of walking on an urban forest path in daylight and under electric lighting","authors":"Georgios Tsiakiris ,&nbsp;Johan Rahm ,&nbsp;Marcus Hedblom ,&nbsp;Maria Johansson","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In daylight, urban forests promote human health and well-being by offering opportunities for recreation and psychological restoration. In urban forests, electric lighting is often installed to enable recreation during the dark season. This study explored how urban residents experience walking in an urban forest in daylight compared to walking in darkness with electric lighting. Local residents participated in a field study in an urban forest in Sweden. Participants, 48 in total (<em>n</em> = 23 in daylight, <em>n</em> = 25 in electric light) engaged in structured walks along a 270-m long gravel path equipped with pole-mounted electric lighting. During the walks, the participants completed observer-based environmental assessments for visual accessibility, prospect-escape, perceived safety, perceived comfort quality of the electric light, restorative potential, and reported their intentions to choose or avoid a similar path in the future. After the structured walks, participants verbally reflected upon their experience, providing contextualised qualitative information that nuanced the assessments. Analysis of variance, with age, gender, value orientation and connectedness with nature as co-variates, revealed that most of the assessed experiences deteriorated from daylight to electric light. Despite this, mean values indicated that the urban forest path was perceived to hold a restorative potential and that the participants had an intention to choose similar paths under electric light conditions. In a public health perspective, the provision of electric light along urban forest paths close to residential areas could be favourable but must be balanced against the detrimental effects of light pollution on other species and energy use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101012"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing forest defoliation detection using remote sensing data: a multi–resolution approach using machine learning algorithms","authors":"Rajeev Bhattarai ,&nbsp;Parinaz Rahimzadeh-Bajgiran","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Remote sensing technologies, particularly satellite-based imagery, offer an effective means to monitor large-scale forest disturbances including pest-induced defoliation. This study investigates the use of multi-source remote sensing data, specifically PlanetScope (3 m spatial resolution) and Sentinel-2 (10 m and 20 m spatial resolution), combined with derived spectral vegetation indices (SVIs), to detect disturbances like spruce budworm (SBW)-induced defoliation in northeastern USA. We comprehensively evaluated the performance of various model building scenarios incorporating sensor types as well as spatial and spectral resolutions for SBW defoliation detection. Three machine learning algorithms—random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and multi-layer perceptron (MLP)—were applied to model defoliation at a landscape scale. The RF algorithm outperformed the others in defoliation detection. Five models using various Sentinel-2 and PlanetScope band combinations were evaluated, and all produced low error rates. The model based on Sentinel-2 (20 m resolution), using all bands and SVIs (Model V), provided the best performance with a modeling error of 6.1 % followed by Sentinel-2 variables (20 m resolution) with bands and SVIs comparable to PlanetScope (Model III) with a modeling error of 7.6 %. The PlanetScope-based model (Model I) had a modeling error of 11.4 %. The Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) and Modified Simple Ratio (MSR) were the most effective indices for detecting defoliation. However, SVIs selection was affected by the timing of image acquisition. Models based on a combination of SVIs related to canopy structure, stress, and biochemistry resulted in similar accuracy levels (error range: 6.1 %-9.1 %). The models suggested in this study can be used for timely SBW defoliation at landscape scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101009"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From models to markets: A systematic review of forest carbon sequestration costs","authors":"Yan Niu ,&nbsp;Xiaowen Wang ,&nbsp;Aixin Geng ,&nbsp;Hongqiang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest carbon sequestration projects play a crucial role in achieving global carbon neutrality goals and addressing climate change challenges. A systematic review of literature on carbon sequestration costs is essential to improve the accuracy of calculations, ensure the economic feasibility of projects, and promote active carbon market transactions. This paper systematically reviews the main estimation methods and influencing factors of forest carbon sequestration costs based on existing literature, and compares cost estimates across countries within a full life cycle cost framework of forest carbon sequestration projects. The findings are as follows: the accounting methods for forest carbon sequestration costs include the afforestation cost method, opportunity cost method, comprehensive cost method, and minimum carbon price method, the latter of which is currently the most comprehensive and accurate for cost evaluation. Results also reveal that the influencing factors of forest carbon sequestration costs exhibit three core patterns, that is, the widespread presence of “nonlinearity”, “policy–market duality”, and “natural–artificial substitution relationship”. Moreover, across the full project life cycle, the four major cost categories are afforestation costs, maintenance costs, transaction costs, and opportunity costs. Significant differences are found in cost estimates across countries and regions, and methodological choices also have a great impact on estimation results, thus affecting the reliability of cross-regional comparisons. Summarizing research progress on forest carbon sequestration costs can provide theoretical support for the implementation of forest carbon sequestration projects and market transactions, helping to achieve carbon neutrality goals and promote future sustainable development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101008"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}