Trees, Forests and People最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the implementation of wildfire mitigation initiatives for the protection of villages in Portugal","authors":"Ana Gonçalves,&nbsp;Sandra Oliveira,&nbsp;José Luís Zêzere","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since 2017, several initiatives have been created in Portugal to enhance wildfire resilience by protecting people and assets, promoting fuel management, and reducing vegetation density and continuity near built-up areas. This study analyzed how the “Safe Villages” and \"Safe People\" programs, launched in Portugal in 2018, have been implemented in relation to the territorial and demographic characteristics of the villages. For that, eight municipalities were chosen as study area, spanning three Portuguese regions prone to wildfires (Caramulo Mountain, Pinhal Interior Norte Sub-Region, and Algarve). Four biophysical parameters were analyzed (the percentage of critical hazardous area, forest and shrubland cover, slopes over 20°, and the number of times burned – proxy to burn recurrence) within the Village Protection Zone (100m-buffer surrounding built-up areas), together with population density. To assess the similarity of the analyzed characteristics between villages with and without implemented SV programs, The Mann-Whitney test was employed. A total of 166 SV were analyzed, with Alcoutim being the municipality with the highest number of SV implemented (84). The Mann-Whitney test results reveal no significant differences (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05) in population density and forest/shrubland percentages between SV and non-SV. However, statistically significant differences (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), were found in the percentage of critical area with SV villages showing lower hazard levels (mean &lt; 15 %), and in burn recurrence, with SV villages presenting a higher number of past fires (mean &gt; 0.8 times burned).This suggests that other factors not included in the analysis (historic events and local resources), have contributed to the decision-making process for SV placement. Therefore, a primary objective should be to improve collaboration between entities and local communities to enhance the implementation and operation of such programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100935"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144580155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radial growth characteristics of dominant tree species in the southern greater khingan mountains of China","authors":"Yingheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Pengwu Zhao ,&nbsp;Huaxia Yao ,&nbsp;Yang Shu ,&nbsp;Liwen Zhou ,&nbsp;Yong Huo ,&nbsp;Richa Hu ,&nbsp;Yongjie Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100933","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Understanding radial growth responses of trees to climate change is essential for predicting forest dynamics under ongoing warming and aridification. This study analyzed the growth phenology and environmental sensitivity of &lt;em&gt;Betula platyphylla&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Populus davidiana&lt;/em&gt; in natural secondary forests of the southern Greater Khingan Mountains, northeastern China, during 2021–2023. &lt;em&gt;B. platyphylla&lt;/em&gt; exhibited a 104±10.6-day growing season and a peak growth rate of 73.05 μm day⁻¹ in wet year 2021, which declined to 19.81 μm day⁻¹ in dry year 2023, with annual increments reduced by 66.9 %. These patterns indicate that &lt;em&gt;B. platyphylla&lt;/em&gt; possesses a strong capacity for rapid environmental responsiveness. Its key environmental correlations shifted from air temperature (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = 0.60, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01) and soil temperatures (shallow soil: &lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = 0.43, middle soil: &lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = 0.34, deep soil: &lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = 0.29, all &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01) in 2021 to relative humidity (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = 0.44, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01) and precipitation (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = 0.37, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01) in 2022, and predominantly negative correlations with soil temperatures (middle soil: &lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = -0.22, deep soil: &lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = -0.27, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01) in subsequent drought year 2023.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;In contrast, &lt;em&gt;P. davidiana&lt;/em&gt; maintained relatively stable phenology across years, with a consistent growth period of 58±6.6 to 56±3.3 days and peak growth rate varying from 28.53 to 15.13 μm day⁻¹. The species showed a pronounced lag in its environmental responsiveness: while showing moderate correlations with relative humidity (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = 0.35, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01) and vapor pressure deficit VPD (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = -0.32, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01) in 2021, it developed strong negative associations with air temperature (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = -0.31, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01) and VPD (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = -0.36, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01), alongside positive correlations with relative humidity (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = 0.32, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01) and precipitation (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = 0.37, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01) in 2022, with these patterns intensifying in 2023 (air temperature: &lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = -0.48, VPD: &lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = -0.51, relative humidity: &lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = 0.46, precipitation: &lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = 0.44, all &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01). Both species experienced growth constraints under high temperatures (&gt;25 °C) and vapor pressure deficit (&gt;2.0 kPa) in 2022.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;These divergent interannual strategies reflect fundamental physiological differences between the two species. &lt;em&gt;B. platyphylla&lt;/em&gt; demonstrates dynamic environmental responsiveness characterized by shifting correlations from thermal to moisture factors under stress, which explains its substantial growth potential under favourable conditions and high sensitivity to environmental changes. In contrast, &lt;em&gt;P. davidiana&lt;/em&gt; exhibits a lagged response mechanism with progressive strengthening of stress-avoidance correlations, as evidenced by its","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100933"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From progeny trial to stand projections: A modelling approach to genetic gains in silver birch","authors":"Pauls Zeltiņš,&nbsp;Arnis Gailis,&nbsp;Āris Jansons","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the Baltic Sea region, silver birch (<em>Betula pendula</em> Roth) is a key species for plantation forestry, valued for its fast growth, adaptability, and economic importance, particularly in the region's strong plywood industry. This industry produces high-quality, long-lasting wood products that provide an effective means of long-term carbon storage. The study evaluates the impact of genetic improvement and thinning regimes on the productivity, carbon accumulation, and economic outcomes of silver birch plantation in Latvia. Using data from a 12-year-old progeny trial, we modelled stand development under different forest reproductive material (FRM) categories: unimproved (‘source-identified’), moderately improved (‘qualified’), and genetically superior (‘tested’). The simulations incorporated a defined thinning regime and projected growth, stand volume, carbon stocks, and financial returns over a rotation period targeting a mean diameter of 27 cm. The projected mean annual increment reached 14.7–14.9 m³ ha^-1 year^-1 for improved FRM. Results show that commercial thinning reduced rotation periods by 10 years and increased net present value (NPV) by over 1900 %. Genetically improved FRM further enhanced outcomes, with ‘tested’ material achieving the highest NPV (2712.7 EUR ha⁻¹), a 39 % increase compared to unimproved material. These genetic gains were achieved while maintaining high carbon accumulation rates (4.6 t C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) and reducing rotation periods by an additional 5 years. Furthermore, the enhanced production of high-value veneer products from improved FRM ensures long-term carbon storage, as carbon remains sequestered in durable wood products for decades. The study demonstrates that combining thinning with genetically improved FRM significantly boosts productivity and economic returns, while maintaining carbon accumulation and offering a promising approach for sustainable silver birch plantation forestry in the Baltic region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100930"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling mining-induced land degradation in Itagunmodi: A multi-temporal machine learning approach with random forest and gradient boosting","authors":"Johnson Ayomide Ibukun ,&nbsp;Ayomide Emmanuel Olubaju ,&nbsp;Samson Favour Thomas ,&nbsp;Esther Omotolani Sodipo ,&nbsp;Sehinde Ayoola Akinbiola ,&nbsp;Saheed Oyekunle Oyetunji ,&nbsp;Kasye Shitu ,&nbsp;Dmitry E. Kucher ,&nbsp;Aqil Tariq","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mining activities significantly impact LULC (LULC) dynamics, often leading to environmental degradation and socio-economic consequences. This study employs a multi-temporal machine learning approach using Smile Random Forest (SRF) and Smile Gradient Tree Boost (SGTB) models to analyze and predict mining-induced LULC changes in Itagunmodi, Osun State, Nigeria, from 2002 to 2024, with projections for 2034. Multi-temporal satellite imagery from Landsat 7, 8, and 9 and auxiliary datasets such as digital elevation models (DEM), road networks, and precipitation data were utilized for classification and change detection. The classification accuracy for SRF was robust, achieving overall accuracies of 82 %, 81 %, and 85 % for 2002, 2016, and 2024, respectively. Results reveal significant LULC transitions, including a marked decline in vegetation cover (55.11 % in 2002 to 37.46 % in 2024), expansion of cultivated land (42.47 % to 55.51 %), and a rapid increase in mining sites (0 % to 4.59 %). Change detection analysis identified key transition pathways, with vegetation largely converted to cultivated land and mining sites, while abandoned mining pits contributed to increased water bodies. Driving factors such as geology, proximity to roads and streams, slope, and precipitation were analyzed, with geological formations and accessibility playing significant roles in LULC changes. Predictive modeling for 2034 indicates the continued expansion of mining activities (up to 5.15 %) and urbanization, with cultivated land remaining dominant. The findings emphasize the urgent need for sustainable land management strategies to mitigate environmental degradation while balancing socio-economic development. This study contributes to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 15 (Life on Land), 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and 13 (Climate Action) by providing data-driven insights for informed policy-making and land-use planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100926"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing college students’ attitudes toward cedar pollinosis mitigation through artificial cedar forest reforestation in Japan","authors":"Kenta Tomizuka ,&nbsp;Koichi Yamaura","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cedar pollinosis is a significant public health issue in Japan, with a prevalence reaching 38.8 % in 2019. This study evaluates college students’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for artificial cedar forest reforestation in Oita Prefecture to reduce the adverse effects of airborne cedar pollen. Employing the contingent valuation method and payment card techniques, we estimate the total benefits of a 30-year reforestation initiative using net present value analysis, demonstrating its applicability to similar projects in other regions. A total of 106 students at Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University in Oita Prefecture, Japan, participated in the survey conducted in January 2024. The results indicate that individuals with cedar pollinosis have a WTP of 405 JPY per month, while those without the condition have a WTP of 285 JPY per month. If these amounts were converted to household contributions, they would account for approximately 25 % of Oita Prefecture’s budget for soil erosion prevention and afforestation. Regression analysis identifies gender, leisure expenses, and cedar pollinosis as significant factors influencing WTP. Additionally, individuals with childhood exposure to forests exhibit a higher WTP for reforestation initiatives. These findings highlight the necessity of developing targeted policies that promote the reforestation of artificial cedar forests, particularly through increased awareness of low-pollen cedar varieties. Furthermore, fostering early-life connections with forest environments is crucial for ensuring long-term support for reforestation efforts. This study underscores the importance of sustainable forest management policies to mitigate cedar pollinosis and enhance public health and environmental conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100929"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land degradation and ecological restoration in central India: A geospatial and machine learning analysis of coal mining impacts","authors":"Tarun Kumar Thakur ,&nbsp;Digvesh Kumar Patel ,&nbsp;Anita Thakur ,&nbsp;Ranu Rathore ,&nbsp;Kiran Kumar Eripogu ,&nbsp;Joystu Dutta ,&nbsp;Munesh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coal mining, particularly open-cast mining, has become a critical industry to meet India's growing energy demands, contributing significantly to the country's economic growth. However, this industrial expansion has come at a considerable environmental cost, particularly in the Korba region, where coal mining has drastically altered land use and land cover (LULC) patterns. Extensive land degradation (LD), habitat destruction, soil erosion, and biodiversity loss have been observed, with forested and agricultural lands being converted into mining sites and urban settlements. Despite some reclamation efforts, these environmental impacts continue to outpace restoration initiatives. The current study addresses the lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the scale of LULC changes caused by coal mining in the Korba region from 1995 to 2024. It also highlights the insufficient effectiveness of existing reclamation strategies in restoring degraded landscapes. Using remote sensing data, including NDVI, NDBI, NDMI and geospatial analysis, the study quantifies the extent of LD and evaluates the environmental vulnerability through the Land Degradation Vulnerability Index (LDVI). The results reveal a sharp decline in forest cover, from 35.56 % in 1995 to 14.06 % in 2024, and a significant increase in coal mining areas and wastelands. The transformation of natural landscapes into industrial zones had severe implications for ecological services, including reduced water retention, increased soil erosion, and depleting diversity. Additionally, the assessment of current reclamation practices indicates that while some plantations have been established, they have not been sufficient to reverse the overall trend of environmental degradation. Study targeted eco-restoration strategies to ensuring long-term ecological recovery in coal-mined regions, focusing on reintroducing native and resilient plant species, improving soil stabilization techniques, and integrating socio-economic factors to benefit local communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100927"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the recovery of tropical forest structure, canopy closure and above-ground carbon during restoration: Comparing conventional with instrument-based metrics","authors":"Waiprach Suwannarat ,&nbsp;Stephen Elliott ,&nbsp;Worayut Takaew ,&nbsp;Pornpawee Laohasom ,&nbsp;Watit Khokthong","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon accumulation and structural development are key indicators of the progress of forest-ecosystem restoration. However current techniques of quantifying them are time-consuming, labor-intensive and costly. Therefore, we tested four instrument-based metrics (vegetation area index (VAI) from terrestrial LiDAR (light detection and ranging), leaf area index (LAI) from a plant-canopy analyser, and canopy cover, from both hemispherical photography (CC_HP) and a densiometer (CC_D)), as alternatives to conventional metrics (above-ground carbon (AGC), tree stocking density (TSD) and basal area (BA)), derived from manual measurements of trees. The study sites were: a control (pre-restoration conditions), 1½- and 11½-year-old forest, both undergoing restoration by the framework species method (FSM), and primary forest of indeterminate age (restoration target). VAI, LAI and CC_D, clearly distinguished among the control site and 1½- and 11½-year-old-restoration (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). CC_HP failed to distinguish the control plot from young restoration. All four metrics correlated well (<em>r</em> <em>=</em> 0.58–0.80) with conventional metrics (above-ground carbon (AGC), tree stocking density (TSD) and basal area (BA)), when data were combined across all plots, although plot-level correlations weakened, with increasing structural development. Furthermore, the instrument-based metrics failed to reflect a doubling in AGC between 11½-year-old restoration and the reference forest, by under-estimating increases in structural development beyond canopy closure. CC_D is recommended for monitoring structural development, during early forest restoration, due to its cost-effectiveness, ease of use and minimal disturbance of the forest understory. After canopy closure, AGC remains the most useful metric to gauge how closely restoration achieves reference-forest structure. After 11½ years of implementing the FSM, AGC had reached 49 % (65.9 tC/ha, ±SD 30.44) of the reference forest level (137.4 tC/ha, ±SD 83.19).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100928"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ash trees in Great Britain: How might land-managers respond to a new threat?","authors":"C. Hall ,&nbsp;M. Marzano ,&nbsp;B. Karlsdóttir ,&nbsp;T. Clarke ,&nbsp;A.J. Dyke ,&nbsp;J. Morris ,&nbsp;N. Brown ,&nbsp;V. Alonso-Chávez ,&nbsp;A.E. Milne ,&nbsp;L. O’Brien","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ash trees across Great Britain are under increasing threat from pests and diseases as ash dieback (ADB) continues to spread and intensify in impact. Meanwhile, concerns grow throughout Europe about the westward spread of emerald ash borer (EAB). Should EAB be discovered in Great Britain, decisions taken by managers of ash trees will be crucial to their survival, given the threat they already face from ADB. This study has investigated the likely responses of land-managers to EAB, their willingness to implement surveillance for EAB, their knowledge of EAB, and the importance of ash trees to them. An online questionnaire was conducted in 2021 with diverse land-managers across Great Britain. Analysis of 368 completed questionnaires revealed some of the potential influences on decisions that land-managers might make concerning surveillance and management for EAB. These include: the personal importance of ash trees to land-managers, their perceptions of EAB risk, previous experience with ADB, self-reported knowledge of EAB, and management aims for the trees. Overall, the results demonstrate a range of likely responses to EAB. Understanding likely responses will help policymakers better plan for the potential arrival of EAB by highlighting where and how interventions and support might be most effective. Findings have practical value for land-managers and decision-makers, policy relevance for governance, and also add to the evidence about land-manager decision-making when faced with dual environmental threats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100915"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agronomic and economic sustainability perspectives in coffee-based agroforestry system (Coffea arabica L.) in Rodríguez de Mendoza, Amazonas, Peru","authors":"Marlen A. Grandez-Alberca ,&nbsp;Alexander Cotrina-Sanchez ,&nbsp;Nixon Haro ,&nbsp;Jhon A. Zabaleta-Santisteban ,&nbsp;Teodoro B. Silva-Melendez ,&nbsp;Jose A. Sanchez-Vega ,&nbsp;Angel J. Medina-Medina ,&nbsp;Katerin M. Tuesta-Trauco ,&nbsp;Abner S. Rivera-Fernandez ,&nbsp;Milagros Granda-Santos ,&nbsp;Manuel Oliva-Cruz ,&nbsp;Ligia García ,&nbsp;Elgar Barboza","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coffee-based agroforestry systems (AFS) represent a sustainable alternative for enhancing resilience and productivity in tropical regions. However, limited studies have systematically evaluated the combined agronomic and economic factors influencing their success, particularly in Andean forest regions of Peru. This study aimed to assess tree composition, soil parameters, pest incidence, and economic performance in AFS located in Rodríguez de Mendoza, Amazonas, in the northwest of Peru. Fifteen plots were selected through non-probabilistic purposive sampling. Tree composition was analyzed using the Importance Value Index (IVI), while soil fertility, pest incidence, and profitability were evaluated. Key species included timber species such as <em>Eucalyptus globulus</em> (13.5 % IVI) and <em>Cedrela montana</em> (11.3 % IVI), along with <em>Inga edulis</em> (12.9 % IVI), the latter being more strongly associated with improvements in soil organic matter content (2.8–5.7 %) and reduced pest incidence under moderate shade conditions (30–45 %). Soil pH (5.2–6.7) and carbon content showed positive correlations with tree diversity. Economically, production costs ranged from 1300 to 1400 USD, with incomes between 2400 and 3200 USD; 66.7 % of plots achieved benefit/cost ratios greater than 2. Regression analysis revealed that shade cover had a significant positive effect on profitability (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), while transportation and processing costs negatively impacted outcomes. These results reinforce the role of coffee-based AFS as a viable strategy for smallholders, integrating ecological services with economic sustainability, and supporting current efforts toward climate-resilient agricultural policies in Peru.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100924"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing carbon sequestration in urban Miyawaki forests of south India: Implications for climate mitigation planning and land suitability","authors":"Anirban Roy ,&nbsp;Merlin Lopus ,&nbsp;Sruthi Surendran ,&nbsp;Amit Kushwaha ,&nbsp;K.A. Sreejith ,&nbsp;K.C. Akhila ,&nbsp;G. Anna ,&nbsp;P. Saranga ,&nbsp;N. Sethulakhsmi ,&nbsp;Deepak Jaiswal","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globally, plantation forests are widely recognized as an effective solution to combat land degradation. One such approach of creating plantation forest is the Miyawaki method of afforestation and reforestation, which involves dense planting of native species. This study investigates the carbon sequestration potential of three Miyawaki forests aged 2, 4, and 5 years in the south Indian cities of Bengaluru and Palakkad. We conducted field sampling to measure tree attributes, including Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) and height, which were used to calculate the above-ground biomass (AGB) using species-specific equations. Carbon storage and sequestration rates were then estimated using the same allometric approach, combined with the age of the Miyawaki forest stands. Our findings reveal that the annual growth rate of forest biomass increases significantly with age, resulting in a total biomass accumulation of 165.7 Mg C/ha within five years of planting. Additionally, carbon sequestration rates showed a rapid increase with forest age, with the 2-year-old forest sequestering 5.284 Mg C/ha-yr, the 4-year-old forest sequestering 20.042 Mg C/ ha-yr, and the 5-year-old forest sequestering 33.084 Mg C/ha-yr. We also identified over 200,000 km² of underutilized marginal land with climatic conditions similar to those of the study sites, offering vast potential for expanding Miyawaki forest interventions. In this context, the Miyawaki method could be positioned within policy interventions aimed at climate mitigation in India and beyond, considering the relevant biophysical and ecological factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100925"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}