Trees, Forests and People最新文献

{"title":"Creating, enhancing, and capturing environmental product values – Medicinal and spice plant trade in the Himalayan foothills","authors":"Dipesh Pyakurel ,&nbsp;Carsten Smith-Hall","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is a substantial trade in renewable environmental products, including medicinal and spice plants. Yet, their production networks remain largely unknown. Here, using a global production network approach, we unravel the trade for such products in the Himalayan foothills of Nepal, focusing on how values are created, enhanced, and captured. We conducted quantitative interviews with harvesters (<em>n</em> = 25), traders (<em>n</em> = 12), and central wholesalers (<em>n</em> = 2) in 2014–15 and with traders (<em>n</em> = 5) in 2021–22 in Kailali District of Sudurpaschim Province, Nepal. All traders from the district were interviewed in both case years. We found that harvesters created and enhanced value by wild-harvesting, cultivating, and air-drying 10 products from nine species in 2014–15 and 14 products from 13 species in 2021–22. The total annual trade increased from 151 to 340 tons in the period, and the value rose from USD 103,939 to USD 125,800 (in 2021–22 prices). The trade was dominated by the cultivated tejpat leaves (<em>Cinnamomum tamala</em>) and the leaves of kadipatta (<em>Murraya koenigii</em>) in 2021–22. Traders and central wholesalers enhanced value through transport, not processing. Secondary processing in the district was limited, resulting in missed opportunities for added value through processing. Non-firm actors captured value in connection to issuing collection, trade, and export permits. An average of 68 % of volume and 86 % of harvester value were sourced from cultivation, showing the growing importance of these species for supplementary rural income in the lowlands. The process of increased commercialisation reflects similar changes in the neighbouring countries. Finally, we conclude that the global production network approach can be applied to examine the dynamics of South-South trade in renewable environmental products, even in the absence of a lead firm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100782"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participatory forest management: Analysis of local forest governance and implications for REDD+ implementation in the Adaba-Dodola Forest in Ethiopia","authors":"Lemma Tiki ,&nbsp;Kristina Marquardt ,&nbsp;Jumanne M. Abdallah","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, sustainable forest management (SFM) issue has received global attention because of the importance of forests for achieving socioeconomic and environmental goals. Participatory Forest Management (PFM) has been implemented in Ethiopia as a national programme to improve the Forest governance (FG) system. This paper analyses the current FG settings and identifies major gaps in forest conservation by assessing the local FG situation. The primary data were collected through key informant interviews (54) and four focus group discussions with the community and experts. Semi-structured questionnaires were used as a tool for data collection. Secondary data were collected from reports, forest management plans, and the forest agencies' plans. Comprehensive FG analytical frameworks developed by the FAO/PROFOR and World Resources Institute (WRI) were utilised to develop and analyse pillars, principles and indicators of FG for the study. The results of the study showed FG in the Adaba-Dodola PFM was moderate, but in terms of different features of FG, there were large variations in how well different aspects played out for forest users and bureaucrats. Whereas the legal and policy framework was rated as working well, the planning and decision-making process was scored as medium, while the implementation and enforcement were rated as having a poor level of function. This implies that there is a supportive legal and policy framework to achieve the intended goal of the REDD+ but on-ground implementations need further effort. Therefore, concerned stakeholders should focus on strengthening the implementation and enforcement of forest policies and regulations at the local level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100780"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human disturbances and their impact on woody species diversity in sacred church forests in West Gojjam Zone, Northwestern Ethiopia","authors":"Abebe Ayele Haile ,&nbsp;Ali Seid ,&nbsp;Amare Bitew Mekonnen ,&nbsp;Wubetie Adnew Wassie ,&nbsp;Getahun Yemata ,&nbsp;Endalamaw Yihune ,&nbsp;Animut Mekuriaw","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Church forests are crucial refuges for biodiversity, yet human activities pose significant threats to their survival in Ethiopia. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of woody species diversity and the effects of disturbances is necessary for effective conservation. This study aimed to investigate human disturbances and their effects on woody species diversity in 26 church forests in the West Gojjam Zone. Different types of human disturbances and vegetation data were collected from 26 church forests. To gather information on trees with a DBH ≥2.5 cm and height &gt;2.5 m, 175 main plots measuring 20 m x 20 m (400 m²) were set up. Within the main plots, 875 subplots measuring 5 m x 5 m (25 m²) and 1 m x 1 m (1 m²) were placed to evaluate saplings and seedlings, respectively. Various types of human disturbances were recorded within these plots. Statistical analyses, including one-way ANOVA and linear regression, revealed considerable variations in woody species richness, with 111 species identified 1.8 % endemic, 15.32 % exotic, and 82.88 % indigenous. Key disturbances like graves, clearings, and grazing significantly impacted these forests. Larger forests and those at higher elevations experienced fewer disturbances, while lower elevation forests closer to population centers were more vulnerable. Edge effects exacerbated ecological challenges by promoting exotic species and altering species composition, leading to reduced biodiversity. Notably, significant changes in woody species abundance were observed across inner, middle, and edge plots. The study underscores the importance of community engagement, restoration projects, and ongoing monitoring to mitigate human disturbances, especially near forest edges, to preserve the ecological integrity of these vital church forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100776"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The divergent advancements of sap phenology in maple under warming conditions can shorten the sugar season","authors":"Sara Yumi Sassamoto Kurokawa ,&nbsp;Roberto Silvestro ,&nbsp;Afsheen Khan ,&nbsp;Gian de Lima Santos ,&nbsp;Sylvain Delagrange ,&nbsp;Sergio Rossi","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change raises concerns for the maple syrup industry, mainly regarding the expected changes in the timings of the sugar season and the resulting uncertainty of sap yield. This study investigates the temporal relationships between the environmental factors and sap phenology (i.e., timings of the onset and ending of sap season) in sugar maple (<em>Acer saccharum</em> Marsh.) during 2018–2022 at the northern limit of the species in Quebec, Canada, and predicts the impact of warming under greenhouse gas emission scenarios (RCP 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5). March and April temperatures are correlated to the onset and ending of sap exudation, occurring on average on DOY (day of the year) 86 and 133, respectively. Sap exudation corresponds with the start of snowmelt and the consequent increase in soil water content. Complete snowmelt and the increase in soil temperature coincide with the ending of sap exudation. Our partial least squares regressions estimate an advancement of up to 20 days for the start and 26 days for the end of sap production by 2100 at RCP 8.5. The predictions suggest a divergent advancement of the onset and ending of sap production under warming, resulting in a shorter duration of the sugar season. The earlier sap season represents an important challenge for producers, who will need to adjust their activities in the sugarbushes to match the warmer conditions predicted for late winter and early spring. Any delay in tapping will increase the risk of substantial losses in production, especially in the context of a shorter sap season.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100779"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of protected areas in containing the loss of Peruvian Amazonian forests","authors":"Nilton B. Rojas-Briceño ,&nbsp;Verónica Cajas-Bravo ,&nbsp;Alexander Pasquel-Cajas ,&nbsp;Betty K. Guzman ,&nbsp;Jhonsy O. Silva-López ,&nbsp;Jaris Veneros ,&nbsp;Ligia García","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peruvian Amazonian Forests (PAF), vital for biodiversity, climate, and human well-being, lost 2.92M ha during 2001–2022, mainly due to anthropogenic activities. This prompted strategies to conserve and protect the PAF, such as land use and natural resource restrictions, with natural protected areas (NPAs) being the main strategy. This study evaluated the effectiveness of 41 NPAs in containing deforestation in the PAF by analyzing national spatial data. An Effectiveness Index (EI) was constructed by adding five standardized parameters: (1) the percentage of deforested area (DA%) and (2) its annual rate of change (DAr) between 2000 and 2022 inside each NPA, (3) the difference in DAr between NPAs and their surrounding areas, (4) their corresponding ecoregions, and (5) the entire PAF. In 2000, the DA% was 7.15 % of the PAF, increasing to 10.88 % in 2022. NPAs showed lower DAr than their surrounding areas and ecoregions, except for five NPAs. Of the 41 NPAs, nine were non-effective (EI≤3), 31 moderately effective (3&lt;EI&lt;4), and only one effective (EI≥4). Indirect-use NPAs (strict with integral protection) were slightly more effective than direct-use NPAs (where sustainable use is allowed). Among national categories, the 11 National Parks, equivalent to IUCN Category II, had the highest average EI (3.414). In general, NPAs have shown moderate effective in containing deforestation, and require risk-specific mitigation strategies, especially in NPAs with low DA% but high DAr. Finally, a quantitative and systematic assessment tool is provided, which can improve the formulation of strategies to mitigate deforestation and preserve crucial ecosystem services in PAF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100778"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of bark beetle infestation on stem diameter dynamics","authors":"Samuli Junttila ,&nbsp;Tuomas Yrttimaa ,&nbsp;Minna Blomqvist ,&nbsp;Teemu Paljakka ,&nbsp;Mikko Pelto-Arvo ,&nbsp;Mikko Vastaranta","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bark beetle epidemics have increased globally due to drought and a warming climate, impairing forest ecosystem services by inducing severe forest disturbances. Bark beetle infestation monitoring is urgently needed for pre-emptive forest management. However, we have a lack of thorough understanding of the physiological responses that occur on trees after a bark beetle infestation. More specifically, we need insights into how quickly trees decline post-infestation and how the rate of tree decline relates to the bark beetle brood development. To increase understanding of trees’ physiological responses to bark beetle infestation, we monitored stem diameter variations at 15-minute intervals across 31 healthy and 26 infested mature Norway spruces affected by the European spruce bark beetle (<em>Ips typographus</em> L.) in Southern Finland. We observed that the infestation led to reduced or negligible growth, followed by a sudden decline in stem diameter. Using dendrometer data, we also established a point of ceased stem expansion for trees affected by bark beetle infestation, serving as a proxy for the tree's physiological response. This allowed us to explore the duration between the infestation date and the onset of tree decline. We observed considerable temporal variation in the physiological response of trees to the bark beetle infestation. The timing of the point of ceased stem expansion ranged from 15 to 81 days after the onset of the simulated infestation date, with a mean of 46.8 days. Only 58 % of the trees showed a point of ceased stem expansion before the bark beetle brood development was completed. This suggests that trees may take longer to respond to the infestation than it takes for the bark beetle brood to develop. Considerable temporal variation in tree response to the bark beetle infestation was observed, which calls for more research to understand the temporal dynamics of the tree's response to bark beetle infestations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100777"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing wildfire susceptibility in Iran: Leveraging machine learning for geospatial analysis of climatic and anthropogenic factors","authors":"Ehsan Masoudian ,&nbsp;Ali Mirzaei ,&nbsp;Hossein Bagheri","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the multifaceted factors influencing wildfire risk in Iran, focusing on the interplay between climatic conditions and human activities. Utilizing advanced remote sensing, geospatial information system (GIS) processing techniques such as cloud computing, and machine learning algorithms, this research analyzed the impact of climatic parameters, topographic features, and human-related factors on wildfire susceptibility assessment and prediction in Iran. Multiple scenarios were developed for this purpose based on the data sampling strategy. The findings revealed that climatic elements such as soil moisture, temperature, and humidity significantly contribute to wildfire susceptibility, while human activities—particularly population density and proximity to powerlines—also played a crucial role. Furthermore, the seasonal impact of each parameter was separately assessed during warm and cold seasons. The results indicated that human-related factors, rather than climatic variables, had a more prominent influence during the seasonal analyses. This research provided new insights into wildfire dynamics in Iran by generating high-resolution wildfire susceptibility maps using advanced machine learning classifiers. The generated maps identified high-risk areas, particularly in the central Zagros region, the northeastern Hyrcanian Forest, and the northern Arasbaran forest, highlighting the urgent need for effective fire management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100774"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inventory of wood specific gravity for Indian forests","authors":"Pranab Kumar Pati,&nbsp;Priya Kaushik,&nbsp;Mohammed Latif Khan,&nbsp;Pramod Kumar Khare","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wood specific gravity (WSG) is one of the most important functional traits of plants that helps in minimizing the variability of biomass estimates generated due to the inter-specific and intra-specific variations. Assemblage of an integrated inventory of WSG for various species from different forest groups, vegetation types is expected to provide crucial insights in the problems related to biomass estimation and serve as a standard reference for ecological research particularly on carbon dynamics and functional diversity studies by providing vegetational specific WSG values for a number of species at one place. Survey of literature for WSG in Indian forest communities showed that WSG values of 879 individuals belonging to 351 species, 221 genus and 77 families are available for eleven forest groups of India. Result showed that species present in a particular forest group and climatic condition showed a different value for WSG than the similar species present in other forest types and climatic conditions. It also showed that <em>Eugenia utilis</em> has the highest WSG (0.98) for Indian forests and it was lowest for <em>Dalbergia sissoo</em> (0.05). Further, we observed that in case of mature individuals, WSG value of maximum number of species was found between 0.61 to 0.80 whereas, for juvenile individuals, it was maximum between 0.41 to 0.60 indicating the role of tree diameter in WSG. In addition, we observed that tropical dry deciduous forest had the widest range of distribution for WSG. Moreover, the WSG value of species in hilly terrains showed variation with similar species present in tropical and subtropical areas. The present dataset also showed that highest WSG value was found for species present in tropical wet evergreen forest while lowest was found for tropical dry deciduous forest indicating the effect of precipitation in increasing WSG. The present dataset would of great importance for future studies particularly focusing on biomass estimation and functional trait by providing WSG values for a large number of species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100775"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validated allometric models for volume, biomass, carbon, and nutrient estimation in forest ecosystems of Bangladesh: A step toward sustainable forest management and climate resilience","authors":"Mahmood Hossain","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate volume and biomass estimation of tree resources of forest ecosystems are essential for sustainable forest management, carbon stock assessments, and climate change mitigation. This study aimed to develop a complete database of the available volume, biomass, and carbon allometric equations for the different plant life forms of Bangladesh. It also wanted to generate a validated database of allometric equations. This study used a systematic literature review process to ensure comprehensive, accurate, and relevant data collection. This study presents a comprehensive unvalidated database of 1,015 allometric volume and biomass models developed for trees, shrubs, palms, and bamboo across diverse forest types (natural, plantations, and trees outside forests). All these available equations were validated through a four-step quality control process. Finally, 349 allometric equations passed the validation processes. A total of 325 species-specific validated equations were recorded for 62 species, and 24 equations for group and stand level. Trees are the primary contributors followed by shrubs, while palms and bamboo have no representation in the validated equations. The findings highlight the critical need for species- and site-specific models, as reliance on pantropical models may introduce inaccuracies. This validated database supports accurate biomass and carbon stock estimations, strengthens national climate reporting frameworks such as REDD+, and enhances Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) systems. The study highlights the importance of ongoing research and integrating emerging technologies to refine and expand allometric models for better forest management and climate change mitigation in Bangladesh.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100772"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant functional traits related to aboveground tree biomass in cloud forests of southeastern Mexico","authors":"Noé Velázquez-Rosas ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Fuentes Romero ,&nbsp;Betsabé Ruiz-Guerra ,&nbsp;Hugo López Rosas ,&nbsp;Norma Eugenia García Calderón","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cloud forests are one of the most important ecosystems on a global scale, due to their biodiversity and the services they provide to human populations. Understanding the causal factors determining the structural variation and functioning of cloud forests continues to be one of the most relevant research challenges in these forests. In this study, we analyzed the relationship of functional responses (foliar and wood density) with aboveground tree biomass in cloud forest communities, with the purpose of identifying the causal factors determining the structural variation of these communities along an altitudinal gradient. Tree biomass varied between 124.02 and 487.93 Mg ha^-1; however, it did not exhibit a gradual change associated with altitude. Foliar N content, C:N ratio, and wood density were associated with tree biomass production, suggesting that N nutrient stress may explain the inconsistent patterns of biomass production. The spatial variation of nutrient stress in these communities may be caused by topographic variation, which determines differential nutrient leaching processes, as well as the composition of plant communities and foliar nutritional quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100767"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}