Trees, Forests and People最新文献

{"title":"Assessing aboveground carbon density with field observations and biophysical and spectral predictors in the northmost Neotropical dry forest","authors":"Adrián Bojórquez ,&nbsp;Guillermo López-Castro ,&nbsp;Jaime Garatuza-Payán ,&nbsp;Zulia M. Sánchez-Mejía ,&nbsp;Tonantzin Tarin ,&nbsp;Enrico A. Yépez ,&nbsp;Juan C. Álvarez-Yépiz","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tropical dry forest ecosystem is the most widespread terrestrial tropical vegetation in Mexico and is highly threatened by anthropic disturbance and climate change. Accurate estimates of aboveground biomass and corresponding carbon stocks can influence forest management strategies and help direct or evaluate the effectiveness of REDD+ programs. Here, we assess the aboveground carbon density estimated with field observations and biophysical and spectral predictors in the northmost tropical dry forest of the Americas occurring in the state of Sonora in northwestern Mexico. Our top candidate model with biophysical predictors (tree and structural richness, slope, cation exchange capacity and soil depth) showed the best fit and lower prediction error (<em>pR² =</em> 0.4, RMSE = 0.458) of the spatial distribution of aboveground carbon density in this forest. The effect of structural richness and soil depth was stronger; therefore, these appear to be the most important drivers of aboveground carbon spatial variation across the region. The total aboveground carbon storage predicted with this model in the entire region was 19 305 499.5 Mg C ha⁻¹ (mean = 11.8, sd = 6), with higher aboveground carbon density estimated toward more tropical latitudes. A comprehensive assessment of aboveground carbon density in the tropical dry forest requires a synergistic approach combining field observations and biophysical drivers in lieu of more advanced remote sensing techniques, such as LiDAR that are still not available or validated in many tropical regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100844"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower growth and production of latewood intra-annual density fluctuations due to drought-triggered forest die-off","authors":"J. Julio Camarero ,&nbsp;Michele Colangelo ,&nbsp;Antonio Gazol ,&nbsp;Ester González de Andrés ,&nbsp;Cristina Valeriano","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hotter droughts and aridification are causing forest die-off episodes worldwide. These events are characterized by canopy dieback and elevated mortality rates, but not all trees are equally affected with neighboring conspecifics showing contrasting vigor. Tree-ring data have been used to forecast die-off because of the contrasting growth rates declining (D) and non-declining (ND) trees show before tree death. However, discrete wood features such as latewood intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs) have not been considered despite they record specific climate events. We hypothesized that D trees were less able to use water from rare summer-autumn rainfall pulses, which trigger IADF formation. We evaluated radial growth (tree-ring width) and latewood IADFs production in D and ND trees of two Mediterranean <em>Pinus pinaster</em> stands, which showed a strong die-off episode after the extreme 2017 drought. Wood anatomy and intra-annual growth rates and their climate drivers were also studied in one site, where dieback and mortality were annually monitored. The D trees significantly grew more in the past, particularly during wet decades, but tended to form less IADFs than ND trees, albeit differences were not significant. In the two decades before the die-off onset, ND trees formed tracheids with wider lumen and thicker walls than D trees. High precipitation in late summer and early autumn enhanced the formation of IADFs, a result supported by simulations of the Vaganov-Shashkin model. These findings suggest a greater ability of D trees to grow more in response to spring rainfall during wet periods, but a higher vulnerability in response to recent drought stress. In contrast, ND trees show a higher capacity to recover after the summer drought and to form latewood IADFs, a feature which can be further investigated as prognostic tool for die-off.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100843"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon stock dynamics in Ethiopian forests; a systematic review for sustainable forest management towards climate change mitigation","authors":"Melkamu Kassaye ,&nbsp;Etsegenet Emiru ,&nbsp;Yonas Derebe ,&nbsp;Alemu Tsega","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest resources play a role in mitigating climate change; however, effective mitigation requires comprehensive scientific investigation. Numerous studies prove that forests sequester CO₂; however, formulating strategies and objectives from disparate evidence is challenging and demands a comprehensive review of recent research. Consequently, we employed PRISMA to investigate the dynamics of Ethiopia's forest carbon pool through the analysis of 113 studies. The studies reveal that 19 optimal allometric equations were developed for different forest scenarios, highlighting the effectiveness of DBH as a predictive variable. Moist montane forests reveal the highest forest carbon pool, measured at 693.1 Mg/ha. Participatory forest management enhances the ability of forests to sequester carbon by 33 % through sustainable practices. The natural forest showed the highest carbon density among various forest types, recorded at 394.58 Mg/ha. Woody biomass carbon stock accounted for the largest portion of biomass at 62.2 %, whereas soil organic carbon comprised 35.6 %. From the included studies we suggest that effective sustainable forest management in Ethiopia calls for the examination of land use changes and the evaluation of diverse forest scenarios to improve forest carbon sequestration capabilities, thus contributing to national and international efforts and commitments of climate change mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100841"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eucalyptus in agrosilvopastoral systems: An alternative for carbon sequestration and the production of roundwood and sawmill timber","authors":"Demerson Luiz de Almeida Barbosa ,&nbsp;Márcio Leles Romarco Oliveira ,&nbsp;André Luiz Palma Salgado ,&nbsp;Ivo Perceu Ferreira Campos ,&nbsp;Jaqueline de Cássia de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Igor Costa de Freitas ,&nbsp;Leonardo David Tuffi Santos ,&nbsp;Renato Vinícius Oliveira Castro ,&nbsp;Ricardo Siqueira da Silva ,&nbsp;Leandro Silva de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Talita Baldin ,&nbsp;Leidivan Almeida Frazão","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrated crop-livestock-forestry systems offer sustainable strategies for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing agricultural diversification and intensification, with eucalyptus being the dominant tree component in Brazil. This study aimed to characterise wood quality and carbon stocks in two Eucalyptus genotypes in agrosilvopastoral systems in the Brazilian Cerrado. This research innovates by quantifying wood volume and carbon stock in two integrated systems, thereby providing insights into the key factors that optimize the quality of roundwood timber. Trees of <em>Eucalyptus urograndis</em> and <em>E. cloeziana</em> were monitored throughout their production cycle, and the evaluations for this study were carried out at 120 months after transplanting, prior to timber harvest. Longitudinal discs were removed from six trees per treatment at 2 %, 10 %, 30 %, 50 % and 70 % of the commercial height. We evaluated attributes such as bark content, heartwood to sapwood ratio, pith eccentricity, basic density and carbon content in the wood. To determine carbon stock, a total of 18 trees per treatment were sampled, with three trees selected from each of six diameter classes, representing the lower, middle, and upper diameter ranges, and their volumes were subsequently calculated using the Smalian method. Both genotypes showed wood quality associated with a bark content of &lt;3.5 %, acceptable pith eccentricity below 5 %, heartwood to sapwood ratio greater than one, percentage of heartwood greater than 50 %, and a high basic density of &gt;0.60 g/cm³, ideal indicators for using the wood in sawmills, the construction industry and rural areas. A carbon stock of 50 Mg ha⁻¹ in the stem of <em>E. urograndis,</em> double that <em>E. cloeziana</em> (25 Mg ha⁻¹) indicate a significant capacity for carbon fixation within the wood of this hybrid species in an agrosilvopastoral system in the Brazilian Cerrado biome. Our findings showed that silvicultural practices and eucalyptus genotypes adapted to edaphoclimatic conditions are the key factors for maximizing carbon sequestration and achieving high-quality wood production for construction and sawmills within agrosilvopastoral systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100842"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change impact on the distribution and priority areas for conservation of Sterculia setigera Delile in Benin, West Africa","authors":"Rissicath Foumilayo Djaboutou ,&nbsp;Séverin Biaou ,&nbsp;Gérard Nounagnon Gouwakinnou ,&nbsp;Christine A. I. Nougbodé Ouinsavi","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change poses a major threat to species distribution and habitat loss, while also contributing to biodiversity decrease. Understanding these effects along climatic gradients is crucial for guiding conservation and mitigating declines. In this context, this study aims to assess the impact of climate change on the distribution of <em>Sterculia setigera</em> Delile, a widespread species with significant socio-economic value found in different climate zones of Benin. Given the heterogeneity of environmental conditions in Benin, a crucial question remains: how does climate change affect each <em>S. setigera</em> population group? And what are the priority areas for <em>S. setigera</em> conservation? To address these questions, we subjected each subgroup to species distribution modeling (SDM) using the maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt). This approach was applied under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP 2–4.5) and SSP 5–8.5 climate scenarios. A test of niche similarity between the groups was performed to assess their level of conservatism. Habitat prioritization was performed using Zonation software. Our results showed three distinct homogeneous subgroups (north-SN, center-SC and south-SS) with differentiated climatic conditions. SN was affected mainly by mean temperature of the warmest quarter, SS by precipitation of driest month, isothermality and minimum temperature of coldest month, while SC by elevation, temperature Seasonality and mean temperature of coldest quarter. Current climatic conditions were suitable for <em>S. setigera</em> in all climate zones. Under future climate scenarios SSP 2–4.5 and SSP 5–8.5, SN increased, while SC decreased. The SS subgroups, showed a decrease in suitable conditions under the SSP 2–4.5 scenario but an increase under the SSP 5–8.5 scenario. However, among the subgroups there was niche differentiation, leading to the emergence of ecotypes. The protected area was prioritized for the conservation of <em>S. setigera</em> in Benin. Therefore, future research should investigate further genetic and trait variation aspects within subgroups to confirm the existence of ecotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100840"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest definitions applied for national United States forest reporting: Status, gaps, and opportunities","authors":"Lara T. Murray ,&nbsp;Sonja N. Oswalt ,&nbsp;Sara A. Goeking ,&nbsp;Katherine M. Renwick","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100839","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100839"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regeneration problem in Quercus floribunda Lindl. ex A. Camus. in its lower altitudinal range","authors":"Ashish Tewari ,&nbsp;Ikramjeet Maan ,&nbsp;Lalit M. Tewari ,&nbsp;Yogesh Chandra Tripathi ,&nbsp;Mohd. Arif Ansari ,&nbsp;Nandan Singh ,&nbsp;Amit Mittal","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Himalaya are mainly dominated by broad-leaved Oak forests, which provides several ecosystem services and support local inhabitants for their livelihood. <em>Quercus floribunda</em>, not only provide crucial resources but also supports the survival systems of people living in the hills, though the regeneration of the species is declining over time. The present study was conducted in the Kumaun and Garhwal region of Uttarakhand to assess the composition and regeneration of <em>Q. floribunda</em> dominated forests in its narrow altitudinal range (1900–2600).. A total fourteen <em>Q. floribunda</em> dominated forests were selected at three elevations, High elevation sites (HES: 2600–2300 m), Mid elevation sites (MES: 2290–2150 m) and Low elevation sites (LES: 2100–1900 m). A total of 53 woody plant species including 14 trees and 39 shrubs were recorded from all the study sites. In the HES <em>Q. floribunda</em> had the highest total basal area ranging from 2551 m²/ha. The species appears to be regenerating profusely at MES and HES, however, low seedling density was a conspicuous feature at LES. The conversion of seedlings to saplings was upto 95% at MES. The maximum seed fall density in year 2023 was observed at the HES (31 seeds m^-2). However, 2024 was a poor seed year; the seed fall was almost negligible in all the elevations. The poor regeneration of <em>Q. floribunda</em> at LES could be due to varied climatic factors and increasing anthropogenic pressure. It is clearly noticeable, that the regeneration status of <em>Q. floribunda</em> in the study area is “poor” and at risk in LES and systematic management plan for the conservation of <em>Q. floribunda</em> is essential at LES.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100838"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between stand spatial structures and carbon sequestration on natural Larix gmelinii forests in Northeast China","authors":"Akber Ali ,&nbsp;Tika Ram Poudel ,&nbsp;Muhammad Junaid Ismail ,&nbsp;Sudipta Saha ,&nbsp;Lingbo Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest structure is a fundamental component of the forest ecosystem and significantly impacts carbon sequestration. Previous studies mainly focused on optimizing forest non-spatial attributes for restoring carbon, but the significance of stand spatial structure characteristics to carbon sequestration remains unclear. To understand the relationship between stand spatial structure (SSS) [i.e., Mingling index (M), Dominance index (D), Uniform angle index (W), Crowdedness index (C), and Hegyi competition index (Hy)] on carbon sequestration (Cs), this study was carried out based on four 50m×50 m plots of natural <em>Larix gmelinii</em> plots at Cuigang Forest Farm, located in the Daxing'an Mountains of Heilongjiang province, northeast China. The results revealed that the SSS of the forest exhibited minor instabilities, characterized by constant species mixing and moderate unpredictability in species dominance over 10 years (2012–2022). At the plot level, carbon stock increased significantly with an annual increment carbon (Aic) (i.e., 0.9–1.38 t ha⁻¹ per year) and relative increment carbon (Ric) significantly fluctuated (i.e., 4.48–5.84 %). A significant positive correlation was observed between SSS and Cs, particularly with M, D, and Hy, while a negative correlation was found with W and C. Hence, our findings demonstrate that SSS is crucial in regulating carbon sequestration, with dense and competitive structure contributing to maximized carbon sequestration capacity and mitigating the impact of climate change, offering critical insights for sustainable forest management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100837"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fagus grandifolia growth and mortality a decade after the emergence of Beech leaf disease","authors":"Brianna L. Shepherd,&nbsp;David J. Burke,&nbsp;Katharine L. Stuble","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Beech leaf disease (BLD) is poised to cause major declines in American beech (<em>Fagus grandifolia</em>) across the eastern United States and parts of Canada. Given the dominance of this tree, quantifying impacts of this emerging disease is critical. Using long-term data from an existing field experiment (originally established to explore the impacts of soil chemistry on forests), we quantify rates of mortality and growth in American beech afflicted with BLD near the disease's epicenter. Since the initial observation of BLD in Cuyahoga County, OH in 2014, 75 of the 263 (29 %) American beech trees within our study have died. Most of this mortality was recent, with 2021–2023 displaying the highest levels of beech mortality (56 trees dying across the three years). Mortality was distributed unevenly across size classes, with the highest rates of mortality occurring in trees &lt;25 cm DBH. Mortality rates were influenced by beech abundance, suggesting that areas with high concentrations of beech may experience higher rates of mortality. In addition, beech grew more slowly in recent years (2017–2022), suggesting a probable slowing of growth rates associated with BLD. Further, we observed lower growth rates in plots with the addition of soil amendments, but only before the arrival of BLD. As a dominant tree in many forests, this decline in American beech could catalyze larger stand-level changes in forest composition and function as BLD persists on the landscape and continues to spread into new areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100836"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143682719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecosystem services values for local people in participatory forestry context: The case of karura urban forest reserve","authors":"Erick O. Osewe ,&nbsp;Bogdan Popa ,&nbsp;Joram K. Kagombe ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Osewe ,&nbsp;Ioan Vasile Abrudan","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While green urban infrastructure has been widely successful in the global North to ease the pressure from rapid urbanization, developing economies in the global South are also embracing sustainable urban planning by integrating forest management approaches that prioritize ecological benefits of urban forests. Karura Forest Reserve (KFR) in Kenya is an important urban forest ecosystem that provides multiple benefits to the residents of Nairobi city. Our research addresses a significant gap in the literature by exploring the benefits provided by KFR to the local community. The aim is to evaluate the ecosystem services provided by KFR to the local people, with the objectives (i) to estimate the direct and indirect benefits of employment for Friends of Karura Community Forest Association (FKF-CFA) members, (ii) to evaluate the effect of periodic deadwood removal by the Huruma community-based organizations (CBOs), and (iii) to provide a holistic economic perspective based on total revenue from entrance fees. We used survey methods to collect primary data by applying mixed format questionnaires to FKF-CFA and Huruma CBOs members. The secondary data on visitors’ entry logs were sourced from the FKF-CFA clerk records. A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted in R-studio, and a Fisher's exact test to assess the association between perceived benefits of FKF-CFA staff to their livelihoods. The total economic value of benefits derived from KFR was estimated at US$ 526,027 per annum. Direct ES benefits to FKF-CFA members had an estimated annual value of US$ 91,656, monetary valuation of deadwood collection was estimated at US$ 21,957 per annum, and revenue from entrance fees was estimated at US$ 412,414 annually. Our study illustrates also the successes achieved through the integration of participatory forestry on livelihoods and recommends urban forest management models that incorporate the community's perspectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100834"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}