Trees, Forests and People最新文献

{"title":"Agronomic and economic sustainability perspectives in coffee-based agroforestry system (Coffea arabica L.) in Rodríguez de Mendoza, Amazonas, Peru","authors":"Marlen A. Grandez-Alberca ,&nbsp;Alexander Cotrina-Sanchez ,&nbsp;Nixon Haro ,&nbsp;Jhon A. Zabaleta-Santisteban ,&nbsp;Teodoro B. Silva-Melendez ,&nbsp;Jose A. Sanchez-Vega ,&nbsp;Angel J. Medina-Medina ,&nbsp;Katerin M. Tuesta-Trauco ,&nbsp;Abner S. Rivera-Fernandez ,&nbsp;Milagros Granda-Santos ,&nbsp;Manuel Oliva-Cruz ,&nbsp;Ligia García ,&nbsp;Elgar Barboza","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coffee-based agroforestry systems (AFS) represent a sustainable alternative for enhancing resilience and productivity in tropical regions. However, limited studies have systematically evaluated the combined agronomic and economic factors influencing their success, particularly in Andean forest regions of Peru. This study aimed to assess tree composition, soil parameters, pest incidence, and economic performance in AFS located in Rodríguez de Mendoza, Amazonas, in the northwest of Peru. Fifteen plots were selected through non-probabilistic purposive sampling. Tree composition was analyzed using the Importance Value Index (IVI), while soil fertility, pest incidence, and profitability were evaluated. Key species included timber species such as <em>Eucalyptus globulus</em> (13.5 % IVI) and <em>Cedrela montana</em> (11.3 % IVI), along with <em>Inga edulis</em> (12.9 % IVI), the latter being more strongly associated with improvements in soil organic matter content (2.8–5.7 %) and reduced pest incidence under moderate shade conditions (30–45 %). Soil pH (5.2–6.7) and carbon content showed positive correlations with tree diversity. Economically, production costs ranged from 1300 to 1400 USD, with incomes between 2400 and 3200 USD; 66.7 % of plots achieved benefit/cost ratios greater than 2. Regression analysis revealed that shade cover had a significant positive effect on profitability (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), while transportation and processing costs negatively impacted outcomes. These results reinforce the role of coffee-based AFS as a viable strategy for smallholders, integrating ecological services with economic sustainability, and supporting current efforts toward climate-resilient agricultural policies in Peru.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100924"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How does camphor tree affect the wind and pollutants in the street canyon:a novel CFD method based on a point cloud algorithm?","authors":"Le Wang ,&nbsp;Xilian Luo ,&nbsp;Qingyi Wang ,&nbsp;Liyu Tang ,&nbsp;Zhaolin Gu ,&nbsp;Shiyu Duan ,&nbsp;Zeyi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of camphor trees on airflow and pollutant dispersion in street canyons. As innovative research, it utilizes three-dimensional point cloud measurement data to extract and reconstruct tree TB (trunk and branches), establishing a mathematical model for the resistance source term that accurately describes the external morphology of the tree crown and the discontinuous, non-uniform characteristics of the internal leaves. This method addresses the challenges associated with accurately characterizing tree features. Based on this novel methodology, numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of various tree characteristics and layouts on the wind environment and pollutant distribution in street canyons. The results indicated that the irregular distribution of camphor tree TB and crowns leads to significant differences in airflow patterns, flow velocities, and pollutant concentration across different cross sections of the street canyon. Whether only camphor tree TB or whole camphor trees (including crowns and TB) are present, neglecting the influence of tree TB results in an overestimation of the average airflow velocity and an underestimation of the average pollutant concentration at the canyon's bottom. This effect is particularly pronounced in areas with only tree TB, leading to a 14 % reduction in average airflow velocity. The obstruction effect of TB on airflow is diminished by the resistance effect of leaves. Furthermore, when considering the influence of camphor tree crown layout, the crown positioned in the middle of the street canyon has the most significant impact on airflow dynamics. The crown near the leeward side effectively increases airflow velocity and significantly reduces pollutant concentration at the bottom compared to the crown near the windward side.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100923"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation in ethnobotanical knowledge of Prunus cerasoides among different ethnic groups, religions and culture in Nepal","authors":"Dipak Khadka ,&nbsp;Ripu M. Kunwar ,&nbsp;Rainer W. Bussmann ,&nbsp;Sijar Bhatta ,&nbsp;Sanu R. Maharjan ,&nbsp;Dafang Cui ,&nbsp;Shi Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Societies, ecosystems and species, including medicinal plants worldwide, are increasingly impacted by the changing context of ecology, land use, socio-economy and climate. All these groups have been adapting to these adversaries. However, conventional adaptation strategies to these changes may not always be effective at helping people or ecosystems to reduce their vulnerabilities. We conducted this study to understand and bolster the ethnobotanical adaptation knowledge regarding using <em>Prunus cerasoides</em> in the trajectory of socio-cultural changes in Nepal. We surveyed 713 participants from eastern, central, and western Nepal to collect primary data. We calculated the species use fidelity level (%) to understand the commonly used plant reports. The Jaccard similarity index was used to investigate the cross-cultural use of <em>P. cerasoides</em> among different sample groups. The Kruskal Wallis test was employed to test the difference in knowledge levels within religion and ethnicity. Out of recorded 11 different use categories of <em>P. cerasoides</em>, eight categories had significant fidelity levels, which include cooking/heating (87.94 %), house construction (86.40 %), livestock feed (84.57 %), culture (79.38 %), food (44.32 %), medicine (26.37 %), apiculture (22.72 %), and agriculture (5.05 %). The species’ uses shared by various religious and ethnic groups differed significantly. In the religious group, Hindus used the species more consistently (median=5 and interquartile range (IQR)=1); likewise, among the ethnicities, Chettri and Thakuri used species more consistently than other ethnic groups (median = 5 and interquartile range (IQR)=1). Among the religious groups, there is a significant difference in fidelity level of culture, livestock feed, food, cooking /heating energy, apiculture, and others. However, in changing contexts, <em>P. cerasoides</em> faces increasing conservation challenges as socioeconomic transformations, deculturation and abandonment of agricultural lands and traditional practices have become <strong>prevalent</strong> in recent decades.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100919"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial autonomy and income for emergencies drive women at the Sekyere Afram Plains District of Ghana to produce charcoal","authors":"Lawrence Kwabena Brobbey,&nbsp;Frank Kwaku Agyei,&nbsp;Joana Akua Serwaa Ameyaw","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although gender norms prevent females from accessing specific forest resources in some sub-Saharan African countries, some women defy the norms to engage in activities traditionally reserved for males. However, few studies have examined the factors that motivate females to defy gender norms. We investigated factors motivating some women in the Sekyere Afram Plains District of Ghana to produce charcoal as their male counterparts and the challenges they face in the production process. We collected data through surveys in 61 charcoal-producing households, focus group discussions, and field observations in three communities in the district. Desire to be financially independent of husbands, provide food for families in the slack season when new crops are not matured for household consumption, and attend critical social events like funerals and weddings motivate the women to produce charcoal. The women circumvent gender norms through collective labor arrangements, support from male family members, and deliberate efforts to resist social stigma. However, they face significant constraints, including the declining number of trees in their operational areas, forcing them to travel long distances in search of trees, health risks, and price volatility in the charcoal market. The study contributes to emerging literature on gender and natural resource governance by showing how women's adaptive strategies reshape normative boundaries in forest-based livelihoods, and underscores the complex interplay between gender, economic necessity, and environmental change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100920"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144536175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early ecological shifts of soil fungal communities after a historic megafire in the Sierra de la Culebra","authors":"Jorge Víctor Maurice-Lira,&nbsp;Claudia Prada-Polo,&nbsp;Dante Bertocci,&nbsp;Ignacio Sanz-Benito,&nbsp;Pablo Martín-Pinto","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Megafires represent an escalating global challenge, with Mediterranean regions particularly vulnerable due to intensifying droughts and rising temperatures. Studying the impacts of megafire on biodiversity and ecosystem services is crucial for strengthening resilience against this phenomenon. In this study, we evaluated the short-term impact of Spain’s largest recorded megafire on soil fungal diversity. We hypothesized: (i) fungal richness and abundance would be lower in burned plots than in control plots; (ii) saprotrophic species and ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) would exhibit divergent abundance trends; and (iii) indicator taxa associated with post-fire environments would be significantly linked to burned plots. To assess the validity of these hypotheses, next-generation sequencing techniques were applied. A total of 3025 operational taxonomic units were identified, of which 2188 were assigned at the genus or species level, spanning 18 phyla. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant phyla. Taxa were grouped into 20 trophic guilds, with saprotrophic fungi (67 %) and ECM fungi (18 %) dominating. Diversity indices considering relative abundances (Shannon and Pielou Evenness) were significantly lower in burned plots. Multivariate analyses revealed differences in fungal composition and functional groups. ECM taxa were significantly associated with unburned soils, whereas several saprotrophic groups were associated with burned plots, demonstrating divergent trends between these guilds in post-fire environments. Moreover, some pyrophilic taxa were identified as indicators of burned plots. Edible taxa were significantly affected, potentially threatening rural economies. Our findings provide robust insights into how megafires threaten both fungal diversity and its ecosystem services and emphasize the need for effective fire-prevention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100918"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing opportunities to upscale forest landscape restoration in Indonesia","authors":"Sugeng Budiharta ,&nbsp;Karen D. Holl","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Indonesia must upscale forest landscape restoration (FLR) efforts to meet its ambitious targets, including absorbing more carbon from forests than emitted by 2030. We review the status quo of forest degradation and FLR efforts, regulations, and funding in Indonesia to identify opportunities for upscaling. We develop a framework to better align FLR funding and benefits and guide broader contributions from global and national private sectors to finance and implement these efforts. Until now, FLR projects primarily have been led and funded by government institutions with the main goal of rehabilitating critical lands to mitigate flooding and landslides. These alone are unlikely to achieve the scale required to meet national and global restoration pledges. One opportunity to upscale FLR in Indonesia is facilitating natural recovery to restore the &gt;43 million ha of secondary forest. However, harnessing this opportunity requires a paradigm change in the government definition of degraded areas, expanding the current deforestation moratorium to include secondary forests, improving land tenure clarity, and revising and streamlining government regulations to facilitate non-governmental actors in FLR. Two existing institutional arrangements, social forestry and ecosystem restoration concessions, could be expanded to at least 2–3x the current extent, along with increasing the state forest land area available for FLR. Such arrangements could be funded from international and domestic sources through carbon markets, direct funding from donors and investors, and compensation schemes within company operations. Moreover, better coordination is needed among governmental, non-governmental, and academic actors and local communities to develop robust, equitable, and long-term FLR programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100917"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participatory mapping of the forest community stakeholders in Europe focusing on forest genetic resources, forest reproductive material, and protected forests","authors":"T. Rogelja ,&nbsp;L. Secco ,&nbsp;F. Lefèvre ,&nbsp;E. Beuker ,&nbsp;M. Westergren ,&nbsp;B. Fady ,&nbsp;S.C. González-Martínez ,&nbsp;T. Myking ,&nbsp;L.E. Pâques ,&nbsp;C. Rellstab ,&nbsp;G.G. Vendramin ,&nbsp;T. Chauvin ,&nbsp;M. van Loo ,&nbsp;U. Ovaska ,&nbsp;J. Giacomoni ,&nbsp;A. Japelj ,&nbsp;A.M. Farsakoglou ,&nbsp;H. Konrad ,&nbsp;S. Caiolo ,&nbsp;A. Desgroux ,&nbsp;M. Masiero","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genetic diversity of forest trees, as provided by Forest Genetic Resources (FGR) and being the basis for the production of Forest Reproductive Material (FRM), is fundamental for maintaining forest resilience, adaptability, health, productivity, and biological diversity. Despite their importance, stakeholder governance of genetic diversity remains under-studied. This study aims to address this gap by mapping the forest stakeholder landscape FGR governance. Using the Quadruple Helix Approach, we categorised stakeholders into academia, industry, government, and civil society identifying relevant sub-communities. The mapping process involved iterative revisions through expert consultations, workshops, and literature scoping. Results show that the FGR sub-community is situated between strict conservation efforts and applied forestry, supporting both genetic conservation and productive forest management. The FRM sub-community, dealing specifically with the production and deployment of FRM, prioritises tree breeding, seed production, and afforestation/reforestation programmes. Meanwhile, the Protected Forests (PF) sub-community focuses on strict nature conservation, advocating minimal human intervention while facing pressures from resource extraction, tourism, and land-use conflicts. The diverging attitudes and values of close-to-nature forest management, intensive forestry, and strict protections, respectively, exist within same stakeholder groups, as well as among different ones, and are spanning all sub-communities. The study uncovers key tensions such as competing land-use priorities between forestry, agriculture, infrastructure and energy sectors, limited flow of knowledge between stakeholder categories and governance misalignments between local, national, and international regulations. The findings are particularly relevant for policymakers, forest managers, forest nurseries, conservation organisations, and industry stakeholders to balance conservation with sustainable forest utilisation. By integrating stakeholder perspectives and highlighting key governance challenges, this study shows where a common ground can be found and where divergent opinions are strong, opening the way for more integrated strategies and policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100913"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the human-wild boar co-survival zone possible? A risk assessment of human-wild boar conflict using a maximum entropy model (MaxEnt)","authors":"Yaxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaodi Zhao ,&nbsp;Lu Wang ,&nbsp;Kun Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human and wild boars were found to coexist within an environment where ecological and socio-economic systems intertwine, leading to conflict. To assess the potential for mutual dependency and constraint between humans and wild boars, the concept of \"co-survival\" was proposed. The study focused on Zixi, Chongyi, and Xiushui in Jiangxi Province, which served as a national pilot area for wild boar damage prevention. A total of 203 human-wild boar conflict points and 15 environmental variables from 2022 were selected to predict the spatial distribution of conflict risk. The results revealed the following: 1) The factors influencing human-wild boar co-survival were found to be closely related to both the behavior of wild boars and the natural and socio-economic conditions of the study area. Specifically, areas characterized by steeper slopes and located farther from residential areas or mountains tended to exhibit a larger co-survival zone. 2) Investment in wild boar invasion prevention infrastructure was positively correlated with the extent of the co-survival zone, indicating that increased investment contributed to the expansion of the shared living space between humans and wild boars. 3) Human-wild boar conflict was most prominent in agro-forestry transition zones, with fewer conflicts reported in high-standard farmland areas. Therefore, co-survival between humans and wild boars was considered feasible in low-risk and medium-risk zones under certain condition, where conflict remained within a manageable range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100914"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term monitoring of mangrove expansion and shoreline degradation in the Farasan Islands using Landsat data (1993–2023)","authors":"Kashif Ali Solangi ,&nbsp;Mohammed Othman Aljahdali","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mangroves are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth, but due to urbanization and deforestation activities, this ecosystem has been declining for several decades. This study focused on the Farasan Al-Kabir Islands and utilized Landsat satellite imagery to comprehensively assess the changes in mangroves and the overall status of islands from 1993 to 2023. A time series analysis spanning three decades with 5 year intervals provides authentic and significant results. The findings indicate a positive trend in both the vegetation index and moisture index, with the most notable effects occurring between 2013 and 2023. However, the shoreline of the Farasan Al-Kabir Islands has decreased, with degradations being a primary concern. The reduction in shoreline highlights an alarming situation and the impact of global warming on islands. Despite these challenges, the mangrove area has increased by 3.55 square kilometres over the past three decades, with significant growth observed on eastern and northern sides of the Farasan Al-Kabir Islands, as well as on Zifaf Island. This study underscores resilience of mangrove ecosystems in the Farasan Al-Kabir, despite the ongoing threats posed by sea-level rise and shoreline degradations. The expansion of mangrove cover is a positive indicator that reflects the adaptive capacity of these ecosystems. However, the simultaneous reduction in shoreline due to degradations presents a serious challenge that could threaten the long-term sustainability of islands coastal environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100910"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Varietal-specific growth performance and ecological restoration Potential of Olea europaea L. in Abandoned Mine Slags","authors":"Wei Long ,&nbsp;Changxu Luo ,&nbsp;Jian Sheng ,&nbsp;Leyan Lyu","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mine ecological restoration is an important means of improving the ecological environment of abandoned mining areas, and the selection and configuration of plant species play a critical role in the restoration outcomes. This study aims to investigate the effects of different types of mining slag on the growth performance and survival rate of olive cultivars, providing a scientific basis for mine ecological restoration. The experimental results indicate significant differences in the physicochemical properties of the mining soils: clay slag had a near-neutral pH (6.856) and an organic matter content of 13.848 g/kg. In comparison, the sandy soil was acidic (pH 5.678) with a slightly higher organic matter content (16.481 g/kg). However, the heavy metal content (e.g., mercury, arsenic, chromium, cadmium, and lead) in sandy soil was generally higher than in clay, which may negatively affect plant growth and ecological restoration. The growth performance of different olive cultivars varied markedly, with ‘<em>Arbequina</em>’ showing the best performance in terms of seedling height (108.67 cm), total growth (58.67 cm), and crown width (92 cm east-west, 85 cm north-south), making it suitable as a primary restoration species for high-erosion-risk areas. ‘<em>Arbosana</em>’ exhibited moderate performance but had a higher survival rate in clay slag (83.75 %), making it suitable for clay-rich areas, while ‘<em>Koroneiki</em>’ showed weaker growth performance. Additionally, the slag type significantly influenced the survival rate of the cultivars: ‘<em>Arbequina’</em> had the highest survival rate in gravelly slag (92.86 %), ‘<em>Arbosana</em>’ performed better in clay slag (83.75 %), and ‘<em>Koroneiki</em>’ had similar survival rates in both slag types (82.11 % in gravelly slag and 80.95 % in clay slag). Heavy metal accumulation in leaves varied among cultivars, with ‘<em>Arbosana</em>’ and ‘Koroneiki’ accumulating more lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium in clay slag, whereas ‘<em>Arbequina</em>’ showed a higher accumulation of all heavy metals in gravelly slag. In conclusion, ‘<em>Arbequina’</em> and ‘<em>Arbosana</em>’ demonstrated excellent performance in mine restoration and are suitable as primary restoration species, while ‘<em>Koroneiki’</em> can serve as a supplementary cultivar. By optimizing zonal planting strategies and enhancing management measures, the effectiveness of mine ecological restoration can be significantly improved, offering a feasible solution for vegetation recovery in similar mining areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100911"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}