Trees, Forests and People最新文献

{"title":"Aboveground biomass and growth of smallholder Eucalyptus robusta under low starter fertilization and weed competition in Madagascar","authors":"Iaviantsoa Ramanandraibe ,&nbsp;Bruno Bordron ,&nbsp;Fenitra Razafindrakoto ,&nbsp;Julien Sarron ,&nbsp;Daniel Epron ,&nbsp;Angelina Rasoarinaivo ,&nbsp;Tantely Maminiaina Razafimbelo ,&nbsp;Jean-Pierre Bouillet","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smallholder <em>Eucalyptu</em>s plantations (EP) in Madagascar Central Highlands (MCH) address substantial fuelwood demand and reduce pressure on natural forests. However, their sustainability is challenged by low soil fertility and inadequate management. While fertilization increases tree growth, high mineral fertilizer costs limit its use by smallholder farmers. Both biomass estimation equation and impact of fertilization on smallholder EP in MCH remain poorly documented. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of low starter mineral fertilization (15 kg.ha^-1 N, 12 kg.ha^-1 P, and 17 kg.ha^-1 K) and weed competition on <em>Eucalyptus robusta</em> growth and aboveground biomass (AGB) while providing allometric equations for AGB estimation. Dendrometric data were collected from four stands aged 2 to 6 years, with fertilized and non-fertilized parts. AGB of 16 trees per stand (8 fertilized, 8 non-fertilized) were destructively measured. AGB of trees were estimated by regression based on tree circumference, height and their combinations. The results indicated circumference as the best single variable predictor (R² &gt; 0.90) for all tree compartments (leaves, branches, trunk) and treatments. Fertilization significantly improved global tree survival by 7% and increased tree height by 3.1 m and circumference by 8.3 cm in 6 yo stands. AGB per hectare doubled with fertilization, reaching 55.3 Mg.ha^-1 at 6 yo compared to 29.2 Mg.ha^-1 in non-fertilized plots. Aboveground carbon stock reached 4.6 MgC.ha^-1yr^-1 in fertilized plots. Weed cover and biomass had likely negative linear relationships with tree AGB and survival rate. This study provides robust allometric equations for biomass estimation and highlights that even low fertilizer application combined with effective weed control can significantly enhance AGB production in smallholder EP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stop disregarding tropical forest management as a conservation option","authors":"Francis E. Putz","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most tropical forests with merchantable timber will continue to be logged selectively because not all species or trees produce merchantable wood (unless wood chip markets develop). Based on biodiversity and carbon stock values as well as environmental sensitivity, logging should be prohibited in some of the area designated for this purpose. Unfortunately, until adequate compensation for these values is available, logging will continue. The unmet and too often disregarded challenge is therefore to transform timber exploitation to forest management for a wide range of goods and services. Compliance with government-mandated minimum cutting diameters and cutting cycles would help even though they allow timber volumes to decline with each harvest. Declining yields and profits cause highly capitalized industrial firms to be replaced by loggers with lower costs and lower expected profits. If recommended silvicultural treatments are applied, timber yields can be sustained but with up-front financial costs as well as long-term and intended impacts on forest composition. This transition from forest exploitation to management is impeded by insecurity about continued access to the resource, low log prices, the availability of illegally harvested timber, and disregard of the management option by too many conservation-oriented researchers.</div></div><div><h3>One-Sentence Summary</h3><div>Managed tropical forests are environmentally valuable but more environmentally concerned scientists need to help improve management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101007"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest structure recovery around West Africa’s last great rainforest: Modelling complex dynamics in Taï national park","authors":"Aya Diane Larissa Houphouët ,&nbsp;Yao Charles Sangne ,&nbsp;Abdoulaye Diarrassouba ,&nbsp;Yves Constant Adou Yao ,&nbsp;Julie Betbeder ,&nbsp;Bruno Hérault","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tropical secondary forests play a key role in restoring biodiversity and biomass, yet their recovery dynamics remain poorly understood in West Africa, even within protected areas. In Taï National Park, one of the region’s last major rainforests, we modelled forest recovery trajectories in the past agricultural areas to better understand and support effective conservation strategies. We inventoried 118 plots spanning old-growth undisturbed, old-growth disturbed, and secondary forests. Four structural attributes (aboveground biomass, Lorey’s height, quadratic mean diameter, and structural homogeneity) were modelled using a Bayesian framework. We assessed the influence of past land use, disturbance, and environmental factors on recovery rates. Structural attributes recovered at markedly different rates. Structural homogeneity and mean diameter recovered fastest (∼20–30 years), followed by height (∼30–40 years), while biomass required over a century for near-complete recovery. Recovery was strongly enhanced by the presence of remnant trees and forest connectivity, especially for biomass. In contrast, Marantaceae presence, hydromorphic soils, anthropogenic disturbance, and herbivory slowed recovery. Former cocoa fields showed the highest recovery rates across all attributes, while former gold mining sites exhibited extremely slow regeneration due to severe soil degradation. Our results suggest that forest recovery around Taï National Park will be highly heterogeneous. Cocoa fields with remnant trees offer strong potential for rapid passive recovery, while mined areas may need active restoration. Protecting remnant trees and managing disturbances will be crucial. Overall, passive regeneration holds significant promise, but realistic expectations and adaptive management are essential to support long-term forest resilience in this landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101005"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of understory vegetation loss by deer over-browsing on plant nitrogen uptake, soil nitrogen mineralization, and nitrate leaching in Japanese cool-temperate forests","authors":"Dongchuan Fu ,&nbsp;Hayato Abe ,&nbsp;Zhouqiang Li ,&nbsp;Ayumi Katayama ,&nbsp;Karibu Fukuzawa ,&nbsp;Takuo Hishi ,&nbsp;Masaaki Chiwa","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large mammals significantly influence biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystems by altering vegetation structure through browsing. In Japanese forested watersheds, deer overpopulation has led to substantial dwarf bamboo (Sasamorpha borealis) loss from the understory. However, whether this over-browsing by sika deer alters plant nitrogen (N) uptake and triggers cascading effects on soil N cycling processes remains poorly understood. To address these gaps, we conducted empirical research in broad-conifer mixed forests (stands with and without bamboo) in Japan, where deer over-browsing has occurred since the 1980s. In 2023, we compared N cycling processes including plant N uptake, soil N mineralization, inorganic N concentrations and stocks, and nitrate leaching between stands with and without bamboo. N uptake by dwarf bamboo in stands without bamboo was significantly lower than stands with bamboo, while overstory N uptake did not differ significantly. This indicates that deer over-browsing primarily reduces N uptake through the consumption of dwarf bamboo. Additionally, although soil nitrification rates were similar, nitrate concentrations and stocks in surface soil (10-cm) and soil leachate (50-cm) were significantly higher in stands without bamboo than in stands with bamboo. This suggests that deer over-browsing leads to nitrate accumulation in surface soil and subsequent leaching due to the loss of dwarf bamboo N uptake. Our findings indicate deer negatively reshape forest N cycling via mere vegetation consumption, underscoring the importance of deer population management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100997"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of forest characteristics on psychological well-being: an analysis based on immersive virtual reality","authors":"S. Sacchelli ,&nbsp;E. Barbierato ,&nbsp;S. Baldessari ,&nbsp;F. Becheri ,&nbsp;A. Cerutti ,&nbsp;S. Notaro ,&nbsp;S. Righi ,&nbsp;A. Paletto ,&nbsp;I. Bernetti","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of forest characteristics and seasonality on psychological well-being, based on survey data collected in real forest and administered to interviewees through immersive virtual environment. Grounded in the context of \"forest bathing\" and \"forest therapy\" research, the work explores how environmental parameters interact with individual responses and contribute to the restorative effects of forest environments. The analysis considers various forest typologies, species compositions, seasons, greenness indices, brightness levels, forest densities, and dendrometric variables. Psychological well-being was assessed using the Restorative Outcome Scale (ROS). The findings confirm the positive impact of forest environments on individual health and well-being, highlighting the significant roles of the greenness index (Vegetative Index – VEG), seasonality, and brightness in shaping ROS scores. Furthermore, statistical analyses reveal a clear seasonal modulation of VEG effects, suggesting complex, non-additive interactions among environmental factors. The study also identifies preliminary patterns indicating potential social influences on ROS responses and outlines directions for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101003"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate-driven shifts in the geographic distribution of fodder trees in West Africaʼs Grazing landscapes","authors":"Idrissa Sawadogo ,&nbsp;Philippe Bayen ,&nbsp;Larba Hubert Balima ,&nbsp;Charles Lamoussa Sanou ,&nbsp;Faustine Akossoua Kouassi ,&nbsp;Omonlola Nadine Worou","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>West African pastures host several valuable fodder tree species which are essential for livestock rearing. Among these, <em>Cordyla pinnata</em> and <em>Boscia senegalensis</em> play a particularly significant role in the region’s landscape, providing both food products and high-quality fodder for livestock. However, these species face an increase anthropogenic threat, which compromises their long-term availability. Despite their importance, little is known about their spatial distribution under changing climatic conditions in West Africa. This study, we assessed the impact of climate change on the geographic distribution of <em>Cordyla pinnata</em> and <em>Boscia senegalensis</em> in Burkina Faso. Presence data comprising 306 records of <em>C. pinnata</em> and 2327 records of B. <em>senegalensis</em> were used with 19 bioclimatic variables. To forecast future predictions, two global climate models (HadGEM3-GC31-LL and MIROC6) were under two shared socio-economic pathways (SSP245 and SSP585) across two-time horizons (2070 and 2100). Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modeling was used to predict the species distributions. The results revealed that precipitation of wettest quarter (Bio16), precipitation of coldest quarter (Bio19) and minimum temperature of coldest month (Bio6) mostly affect the habitat suitability of the two species. About 8.14 % and 33.36 % of Burkina Faso’s land area are currently suitable for the conservation of <em>C. pinnata</em> and <em>B. senegalensis</em>, respectively. However, under future climatic projections, the suitable habitats of these species are expected to expand by 40 % by the horizons 2070 and 2100, regardless of climate model and scenario. Besides, some currently suitable habitats may become unsuitable in the future. To ensure the survival of these threatened, species proactive conservation strategies are essential. Promoting domestication and implementing habitat protection measures are strongly recommended for their long-term preservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100995"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do agrarian transitions affect rural incomes? Insights from a borderland region in northern Vietnam and Laos","authors":"Joel Persson ,&nbsp;Chanthavone Phomphakdy ,&nbsp;Carsten Smith-Hall ,&nbsp;Phan Quốc Dũng","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agrarian transitions driven by agricultural commercialisation are often associated with detrimental consequences, including forest loss and environmental degradation. Income effects are less well understood, in part because disentangling the causal processes that affect rural livelihoods is challenging. This paper aims to improve understanding of how agrarian transitions impact rural incomes. First, we develop an analytical framework that elucidates the cross-scale and multidimensional processes by which agrarian transitions manifest in local contexts. Second, the framework is applied to the empirical case of agrarian change and rural livelihoods in a mountainous region bordering northern Lao PDR and Vietnam. We used a comparative mixed-methods approach, combining remote sensing, interviews, focus group discussions, and a household survey (<em>n</em> = 320) to measure rural incomes. We characterised and compared agrarian changes via histories of land-use change, land tenure formalisation, and farming and land-use practices. We disaggregated rural income into average subsistence and cash incomes, focusing on crop farming, livestock rearing, and the collection of environmental products. The findings demonstrate the variegated local income trajectories associated with agrarian transition dynamics in the region. We highlight the enduring importance of subsistence-oriented incomes, even in the Vietnamese sites exhibiting late-transition features. Income from agricultural commercialisation – from hybrid maize, fruit, and livestock – is unevenly distributed. Households in the Lao sites have comparable income levels generated from low-input long-rotation shifting cultivation farming supplemented by environmental income from forests and fallows. Improved characterisation of the site-specific mechanisms shaping rural livelihood change as agrarian transitions unfold can help pinpoint leverage points for improving rural household incomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101002"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy transition from firewood to LPG triggers large-scale greening trend: A case-study from the Jharkhand province in India","authors":"Karthik K Murthy ,&nbsp;Rajiv Kumar Chaturvedi ,&nbsp;Karun Jose ,&nbsp;Sabir Hussain ,&nbsp;Shruthi BV ,&nbsp;H S Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Ujjwala scheme, launched in 2016 by the Government of India, aimed to provide LPG access to poor households. In the Indian province of Jharkhand, the Ujjwala scheme successfully increased LPG access from 25 % in 2015 to 75 % in 2020. As such, an abrupt increase in LPG can influence firewood consumption patterns and forest biomass, so we examined temporal trends in MODIS-NDVI time-series data for forested areas of Jharkhand. We observed a substantial increase in NDVI coinciding with the implementation of the Ujjwala scheme. The magnitude of residual-NDVI obtained after accounting for confounding environmental factors using static and dynamic linear models was positively correlated with the number of LPG connections. The causation for this observed positive correlation was examined with household-level field surveys, the villages associated with the greening trend comparatively had higher LPG coverage and reduced firewood consumption. Our study provides evidence of the possibility of achieving a large-scale positive impact on socio-ecological systems with initiatives like the Ujjwala scheme.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstruction of forest change in highland Thailand: Evidence of anthropogenic disturbance, agriculture, and ecological restoration","authors":"Thunyapat Sattraburut ,&nbsp;Sirasit Vongvassana ,&nbsp;Thamarat Phutthai ,&nbsp;Yupa Thasod","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a high-resolution palynological reconstruction of late Holocene forest dynamics in Sri Nan National Park, Northern Thailand, to inform nature-based restoration strategies. Through stratigraphic analysis of a 140 cm sediment core, 22 subsamples were examined for pollen, spores, and non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), supported by Bayesian age–depth modeling. The palynological assemblages reveal three distinct ecological zones spanning ∼2800 calibrated years before present (cal BP) to the present, delineating a progressive transition from low-impact conditions to an increasingly anthropogenically modified agroecosystem. Zone I (∼2800–1600 cal BP) constitutes a low-count, preservation-limited interval in which palynomorph richness and abundance are minimal and arboreal pollen is restricted to a single horizon; consequently, forest dominance or disturbance status cannot be substantiated. Zone II (∼1600–800 cal BP) is a data-adequate, pre-intensification interval with elevated arboreal-to-non-arboreal ratios and low-to-moderate disturbance indicators, and is adopted as the most defensible ecological reference condition. Zone III (∼800 cal BP–present) registers high frequencies of cultivated and ruderal taxa (<em>Zea mays</em>, Poaceae), abundant fungal remains, and microbial proxies, reflecting intensive maize cultivation and ecological degradation. The persistent presence of <em>Pseudoschizaea</em> spp., testate amoebae, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi across the sequence underscores the significance of biological activity, hydrological variation, and human impact. These findings define defensible ecological reference conditions (anchored in Zone II) and provide a framework for context-specific restoration. This study demonstrates the utility of palynology in guiding evidence-based, biodiversity-centered, and temporally informed nature-based solutions (NbS) for forest restoration, particularly in degraded montane landscapes where socio-ecological legacies complicate recovery pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101000"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disentangling climate-driven and anthropogenic activities-induced impacts on net ecosystem productivity in the Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau over the past two decades","authors":"Shuang Lv ,&nbsp;Jinge Yu ,&nbsp;Huaju Yang ,&nbsp;Panxing He ,&nbsp;Lei Xi ,&nbsp;Hong Li ,&nbsp;Yurong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau (YKP), a representative ecologically fragile zone, is subject to dual pressures from intensified climate change and anthropogenic activities. The specific mechanisms of how Net Ecosystem Productivity (NEP) responds to these changes remain unclear, whose relative contributions remain poorly quantified. This study conducts spatiotemporal quantification analysis of NEP dynamics and influencing factors in the YKP from 2001 to 2020, which integrated a linear regression, shifting center of gravity, Mann-Kendall trend test, partial correlation analysis, and random forest. The results showed an enhancement in NEP within the YKP (slope = 2.42 g C·m⁻²·yr⁻¹, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Overall, climate change and anthropogenic activities contributed 1.86 g C·m⁻²·yr⁻¹ and 0.76 g C·m⁻²·yr⁻¹ to NEP variations, respectively. In terms of climate impact, temperature and precipitation are the main drivers affecting vegetation change, while radiation has the least influence. The importance of precipitation on NEP has been increasing by an upward trend, particularly in non-humid regions (slope = 0.31, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) and grassland (slope = 0.45, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Besides, although the impact of climate change is dominant throughout the region, in areas affected by anthropogenic activities and climate change, the influence of anthropogenic activities is dominant and has a positive impact on the vegetation growth of YKP and NEP, especially in forest areas. The research elucidates the coupling mechanisms of how anthropogenic activities and climate change drive vegetation dynamics in the YKP region, providing key insights for boosting carbon sink capacity and promoting ecological sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100998"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}