Trees, Forests and People最新文献

{"title":"Lessons from a participatory forest restoration program on socio-ecological and environmental aspects in Nepal","authors":"Hari Prasad Pandey ,&nbsp;Tek Narayan Maraseni ,&nbsp;Armando Apan ,&nbsp;Shila Pokhrel ,&nbsp;Han Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest and landscape restoration (FLR) is a key strategy for reviving degraded ecosystems, yet field-level evidence remains limited. Despite being part of over 30 international environmental agreements, Nepal's forest degradation rate exceeded 1.5 % annually. To combat this, donor-supported restoration efforts are ongoing, among others. This study evaluated a donor-backed, community-led restoration initiative within Nepal's Terai Arc Landscape in the Churia Hills of Phulbari, Dang District. Using remote sensing and GIS, we analyzed land cover changes from 1990 to 2020 across 25 community forests (5034 ha) managed by 5061 households. Ground-level biophysical variables were compared between non-intervention areas (NIA), fenced, and planted (FAP) areas, and fenced, planted, and pothole (FPP) areas employing a random sampling technique (<em>n</em> = 30). Local communities (<em>n</em> = 40) were consulted, and field observations (<em>n</em> &gt; 6) were conducted over multiple seasons and years. Results showed an 8.6 % increase in forest cover over three decades, with a 26.1 % rise in restoration experiment sites (FAP and FPP) from 2015 to 2020. FPP sites, with soil-water retention strategies, significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) outperformed NIA and FAP sites, proving effective in reclaiming denuded slopes and conserving water in the face of climate change. While donor-funded projects initiated these activities, their long-term sustainability is uncertain. Locals fear that restoration gains may be lost once funding ends. Restoration efforts must be integrated into government annual budgets and plans to ensure lasting success, with community involvement to promote shared responsibility and ownership. We propose a tripartite FLR model, assigning roles to governments, communities, and other stakeholders for Nepal and similar regions. Our findings provide valuable insights for sustainable planning, especially for restoring degraded landscapes such as dry, denuded slopes, areas affected by anthropogenic disturbances, or combinations, pathways toward achieving sustainable development goals and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100854"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificially induced drought stress affects seasonal foliar litterfall, nutrient contents, and nutrient masses in mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica [L.]) and Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.)","authors":"Matthias Ulbricht ,&nbsp;Peter Biber ,&nbsp;Thomas Rötzer ,&nbsp;Enno Uhl ,&nbsp;Karin Pritsch ,&nbsp;Bernhard Michalke ,&nbsp;Hans Pretzsch","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examined the effects of drought-induced stress on foliar litter production, nutrient contents, and nutrient masses in mature European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em> [L.]) and Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em> [L.] Karst.) over a two-year period (October 2015–September 2017) in southern Bavaria. A rainfall exclusion experiment was conducted with six control plots receiving normal rainfall and six roof plots excluding rainfall. Abscised leaf and needle biomass, as well as the contents and masses of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), were monitored across two non-vegetation periods (October–February: NV1, NV2) and two vegetation periods (March–September: V1, V2).</div><div>Foliar litter on control plots (set at 100 %) was 4000, 329, 4501, 403 kg/ha for European beech and 3534, 1146, 1352, 607 kg/ha for Norway spruce across the four observation periods (NV1, V1, NV2, V2). Roof plots yielded 2917 (73 %), 364 (111 %), 3710 (82 %), 358 (89 %) kg/ha for European beech and 5841 (165 %), 1040 (91 %), 899 (67 %), 447 (74 %) kg/ha for Norway spruce. Significant differences between control and roof plots were observed only during NV1.</div><div>Foliar K contents were significantly lower under drought in both species. For European beech, values were 2.83, 3.83, 2.76, 4.37 g/kg (control plots), compared to 2.38 (84 %), 3.08 (80 %), 2.30 (83 %), 4.01 (92 %) g/kg (roof plots). For Norway spruce, values were 2.64, 2.77, 2.51, 2.13 g/kg (control plots), compared to 2.26 (86 %), 2.33 (84 %), 2.01 (80 %), 1.66 (78 %) g/kg (roof plots). Drought also significantly decreased foliar Ca content in Norway spruce during NV2, from 8.61 to 7.04 g/kg (82 %).</div><div>Foliar nutrient masses aligned more closely with biomass abscission patterns than with nutrient translocation patterns. European beech predominantly exhibited significantly reduced abscised nutrient masses under drought during NV1 and NV2, while Norway spruce initially showed significantly increased abscised nutrient masses in NV1, followed by a marked decline in subsequent seasons.</div><div>We concluded that European beech responded to drought stress by reducing foliage biomass production, suggesting a potential acclimation strategy, whereas Norway spruce mitigated water loss through transpiration by shedding its needles. However, Norway spruce failed to compensate for the initial high needle losses by regenerating sufficient new needles, indicating its lower resilience to drought.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100851"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological adaptations to different shade levels and their role in enhancing yield and quality of Ficus formosana Maxim. for under-forest economy: Insights from greenhouse and forest environments","authors":"Ping-Huan Tsai ,&nbsp;Yao-Yu Chiang ,&nbsp;Chih-Ming Lai ,&nbsp;Hung-Chih Lin ,&nbsp;Yao-Moan Huang ,&nbsp;Tzu-Hao Su","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ficus formosana</em> Maxim., an emerging under-forest economic crop, adapts to understory environments but exhibits growth variations under different canopy and light conditions. This study analyzed the growth, physiological, and biochemical responses of <em>F. formosana</em> under three shading gradients in greenhouse and broadleaved forest environments to evaluate the effects of light intensity on plant performance. After eight months, plants in unshaded forest environments showed increased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels and reduced Fv/Fm, indicating oxidative stress and photosystem damage. In contrast, severe shading promoted chlorophyll content, specific leaf area, and leaf area ratio, enhancing light capture, but restricted stomatal conductance and carbon assimilation, ultimately limiting metabolite production and biomass accumulation. Growth patterns in the greenhouse were consistent with those in the forest. However, physiological and morphological adaptations were observed across all shading conditions in the forest, highlighting the excellent shade tolerance and adaptive regulation of <em>F. formosana</em> in the understory environment. Optimal growth occurred under moderate shading, with 21 % relative light intensity and a daily light integral of ∼4 mol photons m⁻² day⁻¹, achieving the highest biomass and stable root secondary metabolite levels and DPPH scavenging activity. These findings underscore the critical role of optimizing light intensity in the cultivation of under-forest economic crops. For <em>F. formosana</em>, moderate shading provides the most favorable conditions for maximizing root yield, while simultaneously maintaining its antioxidant quality, thereby enhancing its economic viability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100853"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hiding in plain sight: Reinvasion risk from retained seed after dispersal events in introduced conifers","authors":"Thomas F. Carlin ,&nbsp;Tyler P. Roberts ,&nbsp;Matthew B. Scott ,&nbsp;Ryan S. Vorster ,&nbsp;Carol A. Rolando ,&nbsp;Thomas S H Paul","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-native conifers are the most successful tree-weeds in the Southern Hemisphere, reproducing annually through seed-bearing cones. Rather than shedding cones, some conifer species retain cones on the tree indefinitely (e.g. <em>Pinus contorta</em>), meaning cones persist on the tree even after mortality via common foliar applied herbicide-based control methods. We investigated whether open cones could present a reinvasion risk by retaining seeds after their primary dispersal event and disseminating them over time. We found that 19 % of open cones retained viable seed after opening, with an average of 3.5 viable seeds (ranging from 1-39) per cone. The oldest cone retaining viable seed was 15 years old. The majority of seeds had separated from their wing 6 years after the initial cone opening, however intact wings were recovered up to 11 years post cone opening. These results suggest that cones can still contribute to propagule pressure even after their main dispersal event, potentially leading to the reinvasion of sites years after control operations. However, as the majority of seeds detach from their wings only a few years after cone opening their dispersal ability is hampered and reinvasion would likely occur close to the parent tree.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100852"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnobotanical study of traditional medicinal plants and associated indigenous knowledge in Melokoza District, South Ethiopia","authors":"Ayele Chashike ,&nbsp;Simon Shibru ,&nbsp;Tizazu Gebre ,&nbsp;Abera Uncha","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preserving traditional medicinal knowledge and the community's relationship with plants is essential for environmental and health protection. This study documented traditional medicinal plants and community practices in the Melokoza from 2023 to 2024. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select sampled Kebeles. Overall, 390 respondents were identified to gather information on medicinal plants using a questionnaire survey. Preference Ranking, Fidelity Level, and Informant Consensus Factor were used to analyze the data. In general, 140 medicinal plants grouped into 115 genera of 56 families were identified in this study. Asteraceae was the most dominant family representing 19.3 % of the medicinal plants identified, followed by Lamiaceae (13.57 %). Leaves were the most commonly used part of the plants, making up 67.9 % of the plant parts used, followed by roots (10 %). Fresh plant parts were mainly used for medicine (85.71 %). Most medicinal plants were found in home gardens (27.86 %) and forest areas (22.86 %). Cold water extraction (56.92 %) was the most common method of traditional medicine preparation, followed by crushing (19.23 %). The most common way to take medicine was by drinking it in solution form. <em>Croton macrostachyus</em> was noted for its high preference ranking in treating wounds. The highest informant consensus factor value was recorded for stopping bleeding (0.98) and stopping vomiting (0.97) illness. The research showed that agricultural expansion is severely degrading traditional medicinal plants in Melokoza. Urgent conservation and sustainable management are needed, along with further study in the district.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100849"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil fertility improvement in agroforestry after 30 years of silvopasture on ferric lixisols within the Guinea Savanna ecology of Nigeria","authors":"Samuel A. Mesele ,&nbsp;Festus O. Adelana ,&nbsp;Mouna Mechri","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research examines the sustained enhancement of soil fertility in the Guinea Savanna of Nigeria, by comparing silvopasture and cropland systems on ferric lixisols, soils known for low fertility and nutrient retention. The research addresses the pressing issue of soil degradation in Fasola area of Oyo State, Nigeria.A silvopastural system established over three decades was assessed and compared with conventional arable land using a fixed grid sampling technique across 30 sampling locations for each land-use system within a 1000 ha. The assessment focused on the topsoil layer of 0–20 cm depth. The soil samples were analyzed for pH, organic carbon content, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and other exchangeable cations and the soil micronutrients, using wet chemistry standard procedures. The results showed that the silvopastural system considerably enhanced soil fertility. Organic carbon increased by 290 %, total nitrogen by 183 %, and available phosphorus by 150 % compared to cropland soils. Additionally, concentrations of exchangeable cations, such as calcium (325 % increase), magnesium (400 % increase), and potassium (300 % increase), were substantially higher in silvopasture systems. Micronutrient levels, including zinc, copper, iron, and manganese, also significantly increased. The results show that silvopastural system provides a feasible technique for long-term soil fertility increases, delivering essential advantages for sustainable agriculture and soil management in the Guinea Savanna ecology. Silvopastoral system, through nitrogen cycling and water retention, may aid in the rejuvenation of degraded soils and improve crop productivity in nutrient-depleted soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100847"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agroforestry: a key land use system for sustainable food production and public health","authors":"Micaela K. Roy ,&nbsp;Meredith P. Fort ,&nbsp;Rebecca Kanter ,&nbsp;Florencia Montagnini","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agroforestry is a climate resilient agricultural land use system that includes trees and woody shrubs. The environmental benefits of agroforestry systems are well known, but their broader contributions to global public health have been understudied. This article presents the potential contributions of agroforestry systems to public health, discusses considerations for implementation, and recommends ways to support uptake through research and practice. Agroforestry systems may contribute to public health through improved food and nutritional access, enhanced food sovereignty and community well-being, increased environmental quality and health, and impacts on communicable and non-communicable disease. Despite the many ways that agroforestry systems may contribute to public health and planetary health, it is not well described in the health literature and has not gained traction as a public health practice. Increased agroforestry research and support from the public health community may benefit short- and long-term human and ecosystem health in our changing environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100848"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing aboveground carbon density with field observations and biophysical and spectral predictors in the northmost Neotropical dry forest","authors":"Adrián Bojórquez ,&nbsp;Guillermo López-Castro ,&nbsp;Jaime Garatuza-Payán ,&nbsp;Zulia M. Sánchez-Mejía ,&nbsp;Tonantzin Tarin ,&nbsp;Enrico A. Yépez ,&nbsp;Juan C. Álvarez-Yépiz","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tropical dry forest ecosystem is the most widespread terrestrial tropical vegetation in Mexico and is highly threatened by anthropic disturbance and climate change. Accurate estimates of aboveground biomass and corresponding carbon stocks can influence forest management strategies and help direct or evaluate the effectiveness of REDD+ programs. Here, we assess the aboveground carbon density estimated with field observations and biophysical and spectral predictors in the northmost tropical dry forest of the Americas occurring in the state of Sonora in northwestern Mexico. Our top candidate model with biophysical predictors (tree and structural richness, slope, cation exchange capacity and soil depth) showed the best fit and lower prediction error (<em>pR² =</em> 0.4, RMSE = 0.458) of the spatial distribution of aboveground carbon density in this forest. The effect of structural richness and soil depth was stronger; therefore, these appear to be the most important drivers of aboveground carbon spatial variation across the region. The total aboveground carbon storage predicted with this model in the entire region was 19 305 499.5 Mg C ha⁻¹ (mean = 11.8, sd = 6), with higher aboveground carbon density estimated toward more tropical latitudes. A comprehensive assessment of aboveground carbon density in the tropical dry forest requires a synergistic approach combining field observations and biophysical drivers in lieu of more advanced remote sensing techniques, such as LiDAR that are still not available or validated in many tropical regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100844"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"People, forest and tortoise: Perception and stated behavior of forest dependent communities on critically endangered elongated tortoise","authors":"Chandra Mani Aryal ,&nbsp;Prakash Chandra Aryal ,&nbsp;Bishal Sharma ,&nbsp;Narayan Niraula ,&nbsp;Jyoti Dhamala","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The elongated tortoise <em>Indotestudo elongata</em> (Blyth, 1854), is one of the most widespread tortoises of Indo-Malayan region yet is listed as critically endangered species in the IUCN Red List. In Nepal, elongated tortoises were widespread in lowland areas. However, tortoise and other wildlife populations declined exponentially in response to growing human population and associated interferences. The extent of the anthropogenic influences is expected to vary on a fine scale. Understanding this variation is crucial to design and implementation of conservation strategies, which are lacking at this time. This study was conducted with the aim of addressing information gaps about the behavior of the local people and how these behaviors may threaten the survival of <em>Indotestudo elongata</em> in Bara district, Central Nepal. As our focal species is a forest dependent tortoise, we conducted surveys using questionnaire in the vicinity of forest areas from three administrative units namely Kolhabi and Nijgadh municipalities and Jeetpur-Simara Sub-Metropolitan City. Among the survey participants, nearly two-thirds of them reported to have collected tortoise from forests and nearly equivalent number of participants reported consuming tortoises. This indicates that consumption, as food was the major reason for the collection. In the past, some of the remaining tortoise carapaces, were sold by the local inhabitants for nominal price. Respondents more recently, reported no incidence of trading tortoise or their carapaces, so many of them have discarded the carapaces as they do not have utility value. However, locals continue to collect the tortoise for non-commercial use when they encounter the species. Exploitation and consumption of tortoises was significantly associated with respondents’ ethnicity viz. local ethnic communities being more involved. Successful interventions may entail local involvement in activities that include reduction of forest dependency and awareness, to protect tortoises in their natural habitat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100845"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower growth and production of latewood intra-annual density fluctuations due to drought-triggered forest die-off","authors":"J. Julio Camarero ,&nbsp;Michele Colangelo ,&nbsp;Antonio Gazol ,&nbsp;Ester González de Andrés ,&nbsp;Cristina Valeriano","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hotter droughts and aridification are causing forest die-off episodes worldwide. These events are characterized by canopy dieback and elevated mortality rates, but not all trees are equally affected with neighboring conspecifics showing contrasting vigor. Tree-ring data have been used to forecast die-off because of the contrasting growth rates declining (D) and non-declining (ND) trees show before tree death. However, discrete wood features such as latewood intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs) have not been considered despite they record specific climate events. We hypothesized that D trees were less able to use water from rare summer-autumn rainfall pulses, which trigger IADF formation. We evaluated radial growth (tree-ring width) and latewood IADFs production in D and ND trees of two Mediterranean <em>Pinus pinaster</em> stands, which showed a strong die-off episode after the extreme 2017 drought. Wood anatomy and intra-annual growth rates and their climate drivers were also studied in one site, where dieback and mortality were annually monitored. The D trees significantly grew more in the past, particularly during wet decades, but tended to form less IADFs than ND trees, albeit differences were not significant. In the two decades before the die-off onset, ND trees formed tracheids with wider lumen and thicker walls than D trees. High precipitation in late summer and early autumn enhanced the formation of IADFs, a result supported by simulations of the Vaganov-Shashkin model. These findings suggest a greater ability of D trees to grow more in response to spring rainfall during wet periods, but a higher vulnerability in response to recent drought stress. In contrast, ND trees show a higher capacity to recover after the summer drought and to form latewood IADFs, a feature which can be further investigated as prognostic tool for die-off.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100843"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}