Trees, Forests and People最新文献

{"title":"Physico-chemical variations in soils across urban proximity in van panchayat and reserved forests of the Western Himalaya","authors":"Rekha Rana ,&nbsp;Munesh Kumar ,&nbsp;R.C. Sundriyal ,&nbsp;Gajendra Singh ,&nbsp;Harish Arya ,&nbsp;Ng Manitombi Devi","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Himalayan region supports diverse forest ecosystems, where soil–vegetation interactions play important role in forest productivity and biodiversity conservation.</div><div>The numerous studies have been examined for the interactions forests ecosystems, however, the little is known about the proximity of urban settlements that influences community-managed Van Panchayat forests. In the present study, vegetation analysis was conducted using random quadrats method and soil samples also collected randomly from the sites and each site has three different depths (i.e., 0–30, 30–60 and 60–90 cm). We compared the physico-chemical properties of soils and forest structure in Van Panchayat (VP) area forests located near and far from the urban areas, using a Reserved Forest (RF) near Pauri town as a benchmark. Results showed that soil organic carbon (SOC), moisture content, and nutrient availability were consistently lower in urban-proximate VP forests compared to remote VP forests and the highest value recorded in RF site. The RF exhibited the maximum moisture content (12.83 %), water-holding capacity (82.1 %), bulk density (1.24 g cm⁻³), pH (6.73), total carbon (1.20 %), total nitrogen (223.95 kg ha⁻¹), available potassium (164.39 kg ha⁻¹), and available phosphorus (25.53 kg ha⁻¹) compared to VP forests. The findings illustrate that the susceptibility of peri‑urban community forests in the Himalayan hills to anthropogenic influences such as grazing, picnic spots and garbage dumping, underlining the importance of focused management techniques for soil health and forest ecosystem services in the Himalayan region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100994"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractal complexity in visual nature: Perceptual preferences of leaf silhouettes and implications for biophilic design","authors":"Amari Davison ,&nbsp;Sara Barron ,&nbsp;Amy Blood ,&nbsp;Richard Taylor","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biophilic design posits that incorporating natural materials and patterns can improve feelings of restoration and well-being in built environments. Nature includes many patterns, such as fractals, which are highly prevalent and characterized by self-similar components that repeat across varying scales. Including fractals in human-made environments might influence perceptual experiences. Nature’s fractals typically vary in complexity (measured using fractal dimension, D) from 1.1 to 1.9. Previous studies have shown consistent preferences for these patterns, as well as differences in how their complexity is perceived.</div><div>Our study tested human perception of fractal patterns, focusing on leaf silhouette fractals with <span>d</span>-values ranging from 1.1 to 1.5. We surveyed 235 participants using 60 forced-choice tasks, comparing 12 distinct leaf silhouettes across six judgment types: <em>complexity, natural, excitement, interest, appeal,</em> and <em>relaxation</em>. Leaf shapes were selected to represent varying levels of fractal complexity, categorized into low (1.1), moderately-low (1.2–1.3), and moderate (1.4–1.5) <span>d</span>-values. Our results demonstrated that preferences differed by judgment type: moderate <span>d</span>-value leaves were preferred for <em>excitement, interest, natural</em>, and <em>appeal</em>, while leaves with moderately-low <span>d</span>-values (especially around 1.3) were favored for <em>relaxation</em>. More complex leaves (higher <span>d</span>-values) were perceived as stimulating, whereas simpler leaves (lower <span>d</span>-values) were found to be more <em>relaxing</em>. Additionally, species-specific trends emerged, with leaves from the <em>Platanus orientalis</em> and <em>Aesculus hippocastanum</em> species ranking highly for <em>excitement</em> and <em>interest</em>, while <em>Gingko biloba</em> leaves were highly favored for <em>relaxation</em>.</div><div>This study represents the first fractal-based investigation into human preferences for recognizable natural shapes, specifically leaf silhouettes, and supports the preference of perceived moderate complexity within the Fractal Fluency Model. These findings suggest that fractal complexity plays a role in how humans perceive and engage with leaf shapes. This research has potential applications in biophilic design and urban planning, particularly in enhancing human-environment interactions in urban landscapes. Additional research into specific judgment types and the role of branching and tree structures could further optimize biophilic design strategies to foster well-being in natural and urban spaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100996"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating urban tree population fitness for a changing climate: Using climatic moisture index","authors":"Kevin W E Martin ,&nbsp;Henrik Sjöman","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Species Distribution Models (SDMs) are essential tools for understanding how species respond to climatic and environmental changes. In this study, we examine the relationship between Climatic Moisture Index (CMI) and leaf water potential (Ψ_P0) across a variety of tree species to explore how climatic moisture conditions influence tree physiology, particularly in terms of drought tolerance. Using linear regression analysis, we found a statistically significant relationship between CMI and Ψ_P0, with the direction of the slope indicating how species respond to changes in moisture availability. Species with a positive relationship between CMI and Ψ_P0 exhibited greater tolerance to fluctuating moisture conditions, while those with a negative relationship showed a higher susceptibility to drought stress. The findings underscore the importance of incorporating climatic factors into conservation and management strategies, particularly for species at risk of water stress under changing climate conditions. This research contributes to a broader understanding of tree physiology, with implications for conservation, restoration, and urban tree selection efforts in the face of global climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100993"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial-temporal dynamics and driving forces of urban vegetation carbon storage and carbon sink in Shanghai megacity","authors":"Yang Yi ,&nbsp;Guilian Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Xinhui Wang ,&nbsp;Ruijun Hao ,&nbsp;Qicheng Zhong ,&nbsp;Luqi Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban vegetation has important ecological functions such as purifying the air, alleviating the heat island effect and improving the quality of the living environment. Accurately assessing the carbon sink (CSK) of urban vegetation, understanding the spatial and temporal variations in carbon storage (CS) and CSK along the urban–rural gradient, and identifying their driving factors are essential for addressing climate change in cities. This study employed machine learning and geospatial statistical analysis to evaluate CS and CSK in Shanghai, a major metropolitan area in China. The results showed that: (1) From 2015 to 2020, the total CS in Shanghai increased by 1.10 Mt (41.98%), while carbon density (CD) rose by 41.54%. A pronounced gradient was observed in CS and CSK, with 75% of CS concentrated in the suburban area (Ring5). (2) Although suburban regions exhibited a larger total CSK than urban areas, it showed high fluctuation, including negative values and cold spots. In contrast, the central urban area (Ring1) demonstrated stable CSK with no negative values. (3) During the study period, the spatial distribution of CS became more homogeneous, with a reduction in the extent of high-value and low-value regions decreased. The area of the low-value region decreased by more than 50%. CSK cold spots were mainly distributed in the south, while hot spots clustered in the north, with higher index values in cold spot regions. (4) In central area (Ring1), soil conditions were the dominant factor affecting both CS and CSK. Meanwhile, the transition zone (Ring2–Ring4) was influenced by an interplay of natural environmental, socioeconomic, and locational conditions, whereas the suburb (Ring5) was predominantly controlled by climatic factors. All driving factors exhibited interactive enhancement effects, suggesting that improving regional carbon sink capacity requires integrated measures. This study demonstrates that remote sensing inversion and spatial analysis offer effective technical support for dynamic urban carbon assessment and can inform the development of differentiated carbon management policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100992"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Assessing the Impact of Canopy Opening in Regeneration Status of Tropical Terai Forest of Nepal” [Trees, Forests and People 21 (2025) 100904]","authors":"Abinash Devkota ,&nbsp;Binod Karki ,&nbsp;Lilu Kumari Magar ,&nbsp;Prakash Lamichhane","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100922","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100922"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis on spatiotemporal heterogeneity and impact mechanism of carbon sink in Qinling Mountains based on leaf area index","authors":"Chang Liu ,&nbsp;Xing Huang ,&nbsp;Tanjirul Islam ,&nbsp;Mahmuda Akter Jui ,&nbsp;Yurong Li ,&nbsp;Li Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately understanding the driving mechanisms of ecosystem carbon sinks in climate-sensitive regions is crucial for achieving carbon neutrality goals. Using the Qinling Mountains as a case study, this research aims to deconstruct the complex effects of environmental factors on carbon sinks, quantified in this study as Net Ecosystem Productivity (NEP), and assess the central mediating role of the Leaf Area Index (LAI). By integrating multi-source remote sensing data from 2001 to 2020, we employed spatiotemporal analyses and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine the direct and mediated impact pathways of various driving factors. The results reveal that: (1) LAI and NEP in the Qinling Mountains showed highly coupled spatial patterns over the past two decades, with 90.6% and 69.4% of pixels exhibiting significant increases respectively (<span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>05</mn></mrow></math></span>). (2) SEM analysis confirmed that LAI serves as the strongest direct positive driver of NEP (<span><math><mrow><mi>β</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>650</mn></mrow></math></span>) and plays a critical mediating role in transmitting environmental factor effects to NEP. (3) Topography emerged as the primary influence on LAI distribution. Elevation exhibited a significant negative effect on LAI, while slope demonstrated a dual positive effect—both a direct and an LAI-mediated effect. The final model successfully explained 77.1% of the variance in NEP and 69.5% of the variance in LAI. This study establishes a comprehensive driving framework of “Environmental Factors <span><math><mo>→</mo></math></span> Vegetation Canopy (LAI) <span><math><mo>→</mo></math></span> NEP (Carbon sink)”, demonstrating that enhancing LAI through scientific management and ecological restoration represents the most direct and effective strategy for maximizing the carbon sink function of mountain ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100985"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altitudinal distribution of high mountain forest species in Mexico","authors":"Alma Abigail Luna Gil ,&nbsp;José Jonathan Aguirre Zúñiga ,&nbsp;Rebeca Dennise Varo Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Claudia Guadalupe Enríquez Sánchez ,&nbsp;Miguel Ángel Gómez Albores ,&nbsp;Sergio Franco Maass ,&nbsp;Angel Rolando Endara Agramont","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High mountain forests in Mexico are facing the effects of climate change, characterized by rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns. In five of these forests, 4282 sampling sites were established along an altitudinal transect (3500–4100 m), where 17 tree associations and six populations were identified. Additionally, a climate analysis was conducted, revealing a temperature increase trend of up to 4.8 °C between 1958 and 2023. These changes have led to an altitudinal shift in the distribution of forest species such as <em>Pinus hartwegii</em> and <em>Abies religiosa</em>, altering community composition, as <em>P. hartwegii</em> populations are expected to decrease, giving way to new forest communities. Therefore, it is crucial to redesign management and conservation strategies for these ecosystems through interdisciplinary programs that consider both current conditions and future projections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100990"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The redistribution of rainfall in mixed coniferous-broadleaf forests: The combined effect of rainfall characteristics and stand structure","authors":"Xingwen Zhou ,&nbsp;Yunchao Zhou ,&nbsp;Yongyong Wang ,&nbsp;Yunxing Bai ,&nbsp;Jirong Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water scarcity and its uneven distribution are two major environmental issues faced today, and water is a key element in maintaining the balance and stability of forest ecosystems. With the continuous changes in precipitation patterns and the introduction of broadleaf species, the forest-water relationship has become increasingly complex, and coordinating this relationship has become a new challenge in addressing global climate alters. To elucidate how the interaction between rainfall characteristics and forest structure changes hydrological processes and water resource availability, this study focused on three distinctly different forest types in the state-owned Longli National Forest Farm in Guizhou Province: <em>P. massoniana</em> forest, <em>P. massoniana–Manglietia conifera</em> forest, <em>P. massoniana–Cercidiphyllum japonicum</em> forest. By quantifying rainfall redistribution in the canopy and litter layers and analyzing rainfall characteristics and forest structure, the study finds that compared to pure coniferous forests, mixed conifer-broadleaf forests increase precipitation allocation to stemflow (87.74 %) and canopy interception (53.08 %), while reducing allocation to throughfall (22.94 %). Among these factors, stand density (SD), leaf area (LA), and leaf area index (LAI) regulate water pathways, whereas rainfall amount and duration determine water sources. The introduction of broad-leaved species increases the amount of water reaching the forest floor through stemflow, which helps reduce soil erosion in pure Masson pine stands while effectively sustaining soil fertility. Therefore, when constructing mixed conifer–broadleaf forests, it is essential to optimize key parameters such as SD, LA, LAI, and leaf and bark morphology through scientific species allocation, rational pruning, and fertilization measures. This serves to reduce soil moisture deficits, maintain forestland sustainability, and build an efficient ecosystem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100989"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling effects of stand structure characteristics and carbon stock estimation in subtropical vegetation: An example from Zhejiang Province, China","authors":"Huawei Wu ,&nbsp;Huiru Lv ,&nbsp;Guozhong Wang ,&nbsp;Tingxiu Liu ,&nbsp;Wu Chen ,&nbsp;Yufeng Zhou ,&nbsp;Yongjun Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In subtropical forest resource inventories, the plot-based sampling method is the primary approach for obtaining stand-structure and carbon-stock information. However, for different forest types, there is still no clear consensus on how to select an optimal plot size that balances survey effort with data precision. This study addressed this gap by establishing fixed sample plots of 400 m², 225 m², and 100 m² within four representative forest types in Zhejiang Province, China: evergreen broadleaved forest (EBF), deciduous broadleaved forest (DBF), conifer-broadleaf mixed forest (CBMF), and coniferous forest (CF). We conducted field measurements of structural metrics including stand volume, mixing degree, aggregation index and competition index, as well as tree carbon stock and soil organic carbon stock. The coefficients of variation of each index and the minimum number of sample plots were calculated at different land scales. Our results indicate that different types of subtropical forests exhibit distinct community structural characteristics, leading to significant differences in their sensitivity to reductions in plot size. In CF, a reduced plot size of 100 m² effectively lowers survey costs while maintaining acceptable estimation accuracy for tree carbon stocks. As forest types approach the climax subtropical community, a significant positive correlation emerges between stand mixing degree and tree carbon stock; however, reducing plot size tends to underestimate the strength of this relationship. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for optimizing plot size selection in forest resource surveys of different forest types in subtropical regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100988"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards equitable access to land for cocoa farming: the role of customary land tenure system in Migrant and Female cocoa farmers decision to adopt good agronomic practices in Ghana","authors":"James S. Kaba ,&nbsp;Boateng K. Frimpong ,&nbsp;Addo E. Boahene ,&nbsp;Priscilla Ntiamoah ,&nbsp;Emmanuella O. Quansah ,&nbsp;Patrick Opoku","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cocoa is critical to the economy of cocoa-growing developing countries. It contributes about 7 % to Ghana’s GDP and over 800,000 households depend on the sector. However, land for cocoa farming is mainly through the Customary Land tenure system (CLTS) which is contingent on one’s status as either a native or migrant. Unlike native, migrants have no land rights ownership while women access to land are inferior to men. Land tenure security influences farmers investment decision, especially in the cocoa sector where perennial crops are involved. Therefore, we assessed the implication of CLTS on Migrant and Female cocoa farmers decision to adopt good agronomic practices (GAPs) in Ghana. GAPs are essential for sustainable cocoa production and yield. A total of 178 Migrant and Female cocoa farmers and 15 key informants were purposively sampled from four communities and interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire. The results showed that sharecropping as CLTS was the primary land access method by Migrants (71.9 %) and Females (56.8 %) farmers. Insecurity in land tenure under CLTS and farmers educational status significantly (<em>p</em> = 0.001) affected the adoption of GAPs such as fertilizer application, weeding and planting of shade trees. Furthermore, cocoa yield in Females (320 kg/acre) and Migrants (380 kg/acre) farms were lower than Ghana’s potential yield (1.85 tonnes/acre). The findings highlight the importance of education and CLTS reforms to ensure land tenure security. The study has implication for United Nations SDGs 5 which emphasize on gender equality and SDGs 8 which protect and promote the rights and working environment of migrants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100987"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}