{"title":"MLSBench: A Benchmark Set for Machine Learning based FPGA HLS Design Flows","authors":"Pingakshya Goswami, Masoud Shahshahani, D. Bhatia","doi":"10.1109/LASCAS53948.2022.9789084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LASCAS53948.2022.9789084","url":null,"abstract":"High-Level Synthesis (HLS) is becoming a defacto standard for starting large FPGA-based design projects. FPGA design flows are completely embracing HLS based methodologies so that software engineers with almost no hardware design skills can easily use their tools. Behavioral descriptions used during the high-level synthesis (HLS) are completely technology-independent, making it hard for designers to interpret how changes in the synthesis options affect the resultant circuit. Researchers across industry and academia are performing research in the field of machine-learning-based predictive high-level synthesis (HLS) tool design, where the quality of results (QOR) can be predicted using various ML techniques. One of the greatest challenges in all these works is the availability of open-source HLS designs on which the designers can train and predict their models. Generation of benchmarks is a time-consuming process and lack of availability of standard benchmarks prevents fair comparison among various proposed models. In this paper, we propose a methodology for generating diverse designs with various variations from a single design. We have created a data-set of more than 6000 synthesizable FPGA HLS designs written in C/C++ and System C. We provide a detailed statistical analysis of the generated benchmarks. The data set is available for public use. We have demonstrated the use of our data-set in case studies that involve quick model-based design space exploration.","PeriodicalId":356481,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 13th Latin America Symposium on Circuits and System (LASCAS)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121016448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"UAVs vs Satellites: Comparison of tools for water quality monitoring","authors":"Enzo Pacilio, Alejo Silvarrey, Á. Pardo","doi":"10.1109/LASCAS53948.2022.9789059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LASCAS53948.2022.9789059","url":null,"abstract":"Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms (CyanoHABs) thrive in calm, shadow and warm On-Farm Reservoirs (OFRs) where the water is rich in nitrogen, phosphates, carbonates and organic matter. In addition, water toxicity can vary from hour-to-hour and day-to-day and it can remain toxic even after a bloom has disappeared. Thus, OFRs should be monitored frequently for outbreaks and establish assessment programs. Satellite-based remote sensing is a broadly used method for water quality assessment and CyanoHABs monitoring because of its specialized sensors and availability of historical data of the water body. However, the spatial and time resolution may not be enough in case of outbreaks in OFRs. On the other hand, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) emerge as a cost-effective alternative with high spatial and temporal resolution. In this paper, a comparison between satellite and UAV remote sensing approaches for monitoring CyanoHABs in a small and shallow water reservoir is conducted. UAVs rise as a reliable complement to satellites thanks to their superior temporal and spatial resolution.","PeriodicalId":356481,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 13th Latin America Symposium on Circuits and System (LASCAS)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126986314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Digital Random Number Generator Based on Four Regional Examination of Double Scroll Chaos","authors":"Onur Karatas, Salih Ergün","doi":"10.1109/LASCAS53948.2022.9789090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LASCAS53948.2022.9789090","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design of a novel random number generator (RNG) based on a new method. Digital Double scroll chaos is used as an RNG production source. Design is performed based on the regional examination of regular samples from a double scroll chaos system. The digital double scroll chaos used in this study is implemented by exploiting the nonlinearity of the sawtooth wave in a 3rd order ordinary differential equation (ODE). By analyzing the distributions of the chaotic state variables $x, y, z$ in 3-dimensions, it has been observed that they have an underlying distribution. The double scroll chaos is divided into four regions by preserving the characteristics of the underlying distributions, and binary data is obtained using each one of these four regions. These binary data are combined through a xor operation to generate the RNG output and a robust RNG is obtained. The proposed RNG is implemented using the Verilog hardware description language and is prototyped on the KCU105 Evaluation Board Xilinx FPGA. The proposed RNG is demonstrated to provide data throughput up to 13.25 Mbps. The RNG output satisfies all statistical randomness tests in the NIST 800-22 and TestU01 packages without post-processing.","PeriodicalId":356481,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 13th Latin America Symposium on Circuits and System (LASCAS)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120843888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Henrique Kessler, Murilo Bohlke, L. Rosa, M. Porto, V. Camargo
{"title":"Calibration of Logical Effort Transistor Sizing for On-the-Fly Low-Power Supergate Design","authors":"Henrique Kessler, Murilo Bohlke, L. Rosa, M. Porto, V. Camargo","doi":"10.1109/LASCAS53948.2022.9789079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LASCAS53948.2022.9789079","url":null,"abstract":"Gate sizing has been widely studied to improve power dissipation and performance characteristics in VLSI design. Recent developments allow the automatic design of static CMOS complex gates for a reduction in power dissipation. It is possible to observe a lack of different transistor sizing in these works using minimum transistor dimension or the Logical Effort technique. In this work, we propose a methodology to adapt the Logical Effort technique for low-power applications. Results show significant improvements on up to 99.9% of the studied cases in power-performance trade-off across multiple simulation environments for a 45nm CMOS technology.","PeriodicalId":356481,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 13th Latin America Symposium on Circuits and System (LASCAS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121361403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiu Qi Chang, Ann Feng Chew, Benjamin Chen Ming Choong, Shuhui Wang, Rui Han, W. He, Li Xiaolin, R. Panicker, Deepu John
{"title":"Atrial Fibrillation Detection Using Weight-Pruned, Log-Quantised Convolutional Neural Networks","authors":"Xiu Qi Chang, Ann Feng Chew, Benjamin Chen Ming Choong, Shuhui Wang, Rui Han, W. He, Li Xiaolin, R. Panicker, Deepu John","doi":"10.1109/LASCAS53948.2022.9893904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LASCAS53948.2022.9893904","url":null,"abstract":"Deep neural networks (DNN) are a promising tool in medical applications. However, the implementation of complex DNNs on battery-powered devices is challenging due to high energy costs for communication. In this work, a convolutional neural network model is developed for detecting atrial fibrillation from electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The model demonstrates high performance despite being trained on limited, variable-length input data. Weight pruning and logarithmic quantisation are combined to introduce sparsity and reduce model size, which can be exploited for reduced data movement and lower computational complexity. The final model achieved a $91. 1times$ model compression ratio while maintaining high model accuracy of 91.7% and less than 1% loss.","PeriodicalId":356481,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 13th Latin America Symposium on Circuits and System (LASCAS)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134179224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SOI UTBB Capacitive Cross-Coupling Effects in Ultimate Technological Nodes","authors":"F. Costa, R. Trevisoli, R. Doria","doi":"10.1109/LASCAS53948.2022.9789068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LASCAS53948.2022.9789068","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this work is to carry out an analysis of the effects of cross-coupling in a system composed of SOI UTBB MOSFETs in ultimate integration nodes through numerical simulations, validated with experimental data from literature. In this analysis, it could be observed that two devices located on the channel length direction provoke a reduced cross-coupling on each other. For devices located at distances below 50 nm, a capacitive parasitic coupling between the devices can be observed along with the thermal coupling effect.","PeriodicalId":356481,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 13th Latin America Symposium on Circuits and System (LASCAS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130844392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An IoT SoC for Agricultural Applications","authors":"V. Grimblatt, G. Ferré, F. Rivet, C. Jégo","doi":"10.1109/LASCAS53948.2022.9789071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LASCAS53948.2022.9789071","url":null,"abstract":"The constant growth of the population and the diminution of the arable land is a threat for the Humankind. Technology applied to agriculture can save the Humankind from a food and climate crisis. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) recommends to increase agricultural production by 70 % in 2050. On the other hand, agriculture is one of the major contributors to the global warming while it is one of the most adversely affected by this global warming. Therefore, it is important to increase productivity while preserving planetary boundaries. In this challenging context we propose to monitor the growth and health of plants by handling on the field parameters such as soil moisture, soil pH, soil temperature, soil salinity, etc. In order to do this, an Internet of Things (IoT) system has been designed. This system is based on a versatile System on a Chip (SoC), using the LoRa protocol for transmission and a low-power energy scheme to operate independently. The SoC processes locally the parameters on the edge and sends data to the cloud for analysis and prediction. It takes automatic actions and provides recommendations to the farmer. Low power, versatility, adaptability, edge computing, ease of use and low cost are the main constraints of the IoT system and the designed SoC. This paper details the design of the SoC architecture including the used design flow and the main results based on the specifications.","PeriodicalId":356481,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 13th Latin America Symposium on Circuits and System (LASCAS)","volume":"17 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120851235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Ultra-Low Power 22 nm Self-Oscillating Voltage Doubler With Dynamic Leakage-Suppression Logic","authors":"Sora Kato, Guowei Chen, K. Niitsu","doi":"10.1109/LASCAS53948.2022.9789081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LASCAS53948.2022.9789081","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new structure of a self-oscillating voltage doubler (SOVD) that has a very low power. In the proposed SOVD structure, the inverters present in the old structure of an SOVD are replaced with a dynamic leakage-suppression logic inverter to reduce power consumption. When simulated under the condition of an input voltage of 300 $mathbf{mV}$, the leakage current and oscillation frequency can be reduced, resulting in extremely low power consumption. The input voltage conversion efficiency was 89.5%. The power efficiency was about 7 times higher than that of a conventional SOVD.","PeriodicalId":356481,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 13th Latin America Symposium on Circuits and System (LASCAS)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128704830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of Asynchronous Pipelines with QDI Template Using Commercial FPGA","authors":"Gabriel C. Duarte, D. L. Oliveira, G. Batista","doi":"10.1109/LASCAS53948.2022.9789066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LASCAS53948.2022.9789066","url":null,"abstract":"The asynchronous paradigm has interesting features due to the lack of the clock signal and is another option for project of digital systems. This paradigm has several design styles, where the asynchronous pipeline style is interesting due to its high performance and the simplicity of its control. There are two classes of an asynchronous pipeline: Bundled-data and Quasi Delay Insensitive (QDI). The QDI circuit class is notable for its robustness and high modularity. In this paper, we propose two new asynchronous architectures in the pipeline style for QDI circuits. Unlike many QDI proposals, these architectures focus on platforms FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and VLSI (Very Large-Scale Integration) standard cell. The two new architectures were prototyped in FPGAs devices, applied in a set of benchmarks, and compared with the literature's QDI pipeline architecture, which is also focused on FPGA. From the results obtained by the three architectures, we highlight the increase in throughput of 51.2% of the proposed architecture compared to the literature's architecture.","PeriodicalId":356481,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 13th Latin America Symposium on Circuits and System (LASCAS)","volume":"84 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126084348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Approximation-Based Implementation for a Minimum Energy Point Tracking Algorithm over a Wide Operating Performance Region","authors":"Shoya Sonoda, Jun Shiomi, H. Onodera","doi":"10.1109/LASCAS53948.2022.9789067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LASCAS53948.2022.9789067","url":null,"abstract":"This paper refers to an optimal pair of the supply and the threshold voltages, which minimizes the energy consumption under the given delay constraint, as a minimum energy point (MEP). This paper proposes an approximation-based implementation method for an MEP tracking algorithm over a wide operating performance region. The key point is that the accuracy required for determining the MEP is not high. Even if the MEP estimated by the algorithm differs by a few tens of millivolts in comparison with the actual MEP, the energy loss introduced by the estimation error is small. Therefore, the complexity for determining the MEP can be reduced by approximating complex operations such as the logarithmic or the exponential functions in the MEP estimation algorithm, which leads to hardware-Isoftware-efficient implementation. Measurement results based on a 32-bit RISC-V processor fabricated in a 65-nm process technology show that the energy loss introduced by the proposed approximation is less than 1% in comparison with the MEP operation. When the MEP tracking algorithm is implemented in software, the MEP estimation time is reduced from 1 ms to 13 $mu mathrm{s}$. When implemented in hardware, the proposed method can reduce the area of an MEP estimation circuit to a quarter.","PeriodicalId":356481,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 13th Latin America Symposium on Circuits and System (LASCAS)","volume":"242 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115254417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}