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Styly intelektuálních publik
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2019-01-18 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2007.452
Michael Warner
{"title":"Styly intelektuálních publik","authors":"Michael Warner","doi":"10.46938/tv.2007.452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2007.452","url":null,"abstract":"The essay attempts to rethink the relationships between styles, publics, and politics, as well as the position of intellectuals in it. Any writing, even in the most private form of a diary, as an example from the George Orwell’s novel 1984 shows, is addressed to a public. Paradoxically, the public only exists, as Warner asserts, by virtue of its own address. In this sense, style does perform a political function. However, the critics of the opaque writing of some leftist academics overlook that the public can have a temporal span into the future when they view it only horizontally in terms of its size and deduce the political efficacy of writing on that account. The confusion of the public with citizens in general leads to the undermining of politics by the headline temporality of journalistic publics. Aspirations of some academics for the role of public intellectuals are faced with the fact that for the most part there are currently no conditions for public circulation between these spheres. As a possible counterweight, Warner recalls the approach of Michel Foucault, not merely as a reminder of how it relocated the limits of the political, but also in order to suggest how the path between intellectual work and politics could be bridged by the method of “problematization”: the development of a domain of acts and practices on the scene of a tentative counterpublic.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122625396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Foucaultovo umění vidět
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2019-01-18 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2008.447
John Rajchman
{"title":"Foucaultovo umění vidět","authors":"John Rajchman","doi":"10.46938/tv.2008.447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2008.447","url":null,"abstract":"Art of seeing, John Rajchman argues in his essay, was in the center of Michel Foucault’s critical attention as well as practice. Foucault himself was a visual thinker and writer. More importantly, however, the ways in which historically changing vision determines not only what is seen, but what can be seen, are one of his major concerns. Rupture with self-evidences is then the first step one must take to make the invisible – yet not hidden – power visible. The invisibility of power, seen as the invisible light that makes other things visible, is what makes it tolerable. Knowledge and the practice of knowing themselves are constructed by the technology of the visual, such as the different types of spaces that bring about specific visibility. In Foucault’s histories, the prison or the clinic are such spaces that have visualized criminality, sexuality or madness in particular manner. However, problematization of these things needs to go beyond new ways of looking at them and has to question their entire field of vision. This implies that Foucauldian ethics is less concerned with what we do about things themselves, instead, it rather asks how we see them in the first place and how can they be seen differently. It thus requires not to look within us, on the contrary, we should look out, from outside of ourselves.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"2010 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125617546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bio- und Medizinethik in Ländern Mittel- und Osteuropas. Eine Hinführung 中欧和东欧国家的生物和医学伦理学家一个Hinführung
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2019-01-18 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2007.423
G. Banse, M. Bartikova
{"title":"Bio- und Medizinethik in Ländern Mittel- und Osteuropas. Eine Hinführung","authors":"G. Banse, M. Bartikova","doi":"10.46938/tv.2007.423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2007.423","url":null,"abstract":"The area of biomedicine is one of the fastes developing areas of science and technology. The perception of its possible and expected positive or negative impacts results in the growing number of bioethical discussions in scientific community, politics and public. Their intensity, focus and used methods differ from country to country. The authors of the prologue have tried to map the state of the art and expected development of bioethical discussion in the countries of Middle and Eastern Europe. In the beginning, they addressed the bioethical experts with short questionnaire from 7 “new” European countries (Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) and two “old” European countries (Germany and Austria). In the end, seven experts have responded their questions (Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Austria and Germany) and expressed their expectations and difficulties of the development of bioethical discussions and institutionalisations in their countries. The authors summarize in the prologue the most interesting results.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131221692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Davidson–Quine Dispute on Meaning and Knowledge: A Concise Guide 戴维森-奎因关于意义与知识的争论:简明指南
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2019-01-18 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2007.426
Tomáš Marvan
{"title":"The Davidson–Quine Dispute on Meaning and Knowledge: A Concise Guide","authors":"Tomáš Marvan","doi":"10.46938/tv.2007.426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2007.426","url":null,"abstract":"The paper addresses the debate between Donald Davidson and W.V.O. Quine on the nature of meanings and knowledge. It is argued that Davidson’s misgivings, though interesting, are not devastating for Quine's version of empiricism, which is not easily translatable into traditional philosophical categories.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130374557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Předpoklady sociologické metateorie a filosofie vědy
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2019-01-18 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2007.451
M. Petrusek
{"title":"Předpoklady sociologické metateorie a filosofie vědy","authors":"M. Petrusek","doi":"10.46938/tv.2007.451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2007.451","url":null,"abstract":"As a challenge to those who do not give much credit to reflecting on sociology as a science, this essay stresses the import of metatheoretical considerations. Aft er all, what is known as postmodern discourse is scarcely a little more than metatheorizing and the phenomenon of the so-called “crisis of sociology” cannot be comprehended without some metatheoretical premises. Knowledge about knowledge should therefore form a special field of inquiry and enjoy its relative autonomy. In this article, the place for metasociology is delimitated by the account of the development of the general science of science. While the prefi x “meta-” originally came from linguistics as a way to differentiate a proposition about an object of science from a proposition about science itself, the history of metatheorizing can be traced back to ancient philosophy. Hence, the most important sources of inspiration for this intellectual activity are epistemology and the philosophy of science. A crucial moment in their development was the so-called “crisis in physics” that carried over to social sciences and spawned many contemporary trends such as the multicultural approach to sociology and the radical stance of methodological anarchism. The major philosophical orientations that have most directly addressed the questions about the scientific knowledge have been neopositivism and analytical philosophy on one hand, and phenomenology on the other one. No claims about metasociology can be made without being acquainted with at least the elementary positions in this exchange of ideas that took place in the philosophy of science. Metasociology, itself divided into metatheory and metamethodology (or general methodology), makes up an integral part of the science of science.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131255745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Přesocializovaná koncepce člověka v moderní sociologii
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2019-01-18 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2007.457
Dennis H. Wrong
{"title":"Přesocializovaná koncepce člověka v moderní sociologii","authors":"Dennis H. Wrong","doi":"10.46938/tv.2007.457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2007.457","url":null,"abstract":"Dennis H. Wrong postulates sociological theory’s origins in the asking of general questions about man and society. Th e answers lose their meaning if they are elaborated without reference to the questions, as has been the case in much contemporary theory. An example is the Hobbesian question of how men become tractable to social controls. Th e two-fold answer of contemporary theory is that man „internalizes“ social norms and seeks a favorable self-image by conforming to the „expectations“ of others. Such a model of man denies the very possibility of his being anything but a thoroughly socialized being and thus denies the reality of the Hobbesian question. Th e Freudian view of man, on the other hand, which sociologists have misrepresented, sees man as a social though never a fully socialized creature. Wrong claims that sociologists need to develop a more complex, dialectical conception of human nature instead of relying on an implicit conception that is tailor-made for special sociological problems.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126787528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Global Cosmopolis: Responsibility, Information and Media 全球大都市:责任、信息和媒体
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2019-01-18 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2008.439
Oleg Suša
{"title":"Global Cosmopolis: Responsibility, Information and Media","authors":"Oleg Suša","doi":"10.46938/tv.2008.439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2008.439","url":null,"abstract":"Alternative futures oriented to contemporary global problems solutions and risk management are related to citizens’ ability to learn how to become global (cosmopolitan) citizens. Important conditions for that should be analyzed within the processes and conditions shaped by globalization of media and communication. This learning has not been institutionalized so far (as in the education), and it is a result of rather indirect social interaction. Individuals are embedded into complex network of the global information flows and, at the same time, they are members of their national and local communities. Cosmopolitan individual is a virtual member of a global community. Social analysis with ethical reflection should study with more attention global media as one of the key globalizing actors shaping the public space of communication with the power to form and deform cosmopolitan participation.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128011087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
David Miller a racionalita bez „dobrých důvodů“? Ke kritice Millerovy interpretace kritického racionalismu
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2018-11-16 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2018.383
V. Havlík
{"title":"David Miller a racionalita bez „dobrých důvodů“? Ke kritice Millerovy interpretace kritického racionalismu","authors":"V. Havlík","doi":"10.46938/tv.2018.383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2018.383","url":null,"abstract":"David Miller in his books Critical Rationalism (1994) and Out of Error (2006), as one of the few Popper’s students, tries not only to explain and defend Popper’s critical rationalism but also to develop it further. Miller’s restatement of critical rationalism, however, assumes that no “good reason,” but only arguments are needed for rational action. Th is article focuses precisely on this question of the existence of the so-called “good reasons” in connection with rationality and rational decision-making and shows that Miller’s demand for the absence of “good reasons” is not only too radical but also unacceptable in terms of Popper’s or Musgrave’s concepts of critical rationalism.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126209046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Současné teorie sociálního rozumění na pozadí sporu a antropologickou diferenci
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2018-11-16 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2018.399
Filip Jaroš
{"title":"Současné teorie sociálního rozumění na pozadí sporu a antropologickou diferenci","authors":"Filip Jaroš","doi":"10.46938/tv.2018.399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2018.399","url":null,"abstract":"Th is study is inspired by the book Jak rozumíme druhým? Studie o sociálním rozumění a sdílení světa nejen u člověka (How do we understand others? On social understanding and sharing of the world in humans and other animals) by Petr Urban and pays attention to current discussions about social cognition, namely in the case of non-linguistic agents. Most prominent positions are held by the group of comparative psychologists led by M. Tomasello, stemming from the philosophers of collective intentionality, and the group around D. Leavens and K. Bard, which is related to an interactivist interpretation of social cognition. It is demonstrated that the differences in the results of empirical studies are based on the ontological commitments of individual research programs, coupled with their relation to the problem of anthropological difference. The study questions the possibility of choosing a suitable theory by the means of the philosophy of science. At the end, a reinterpretation of non-human social cognition on the basis of umwelt theory is brought out.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127406862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vědecká filosofie, světový názor a „Tiefsinn“: tři podoby filosofie v Husserlově článku Filosofie jako přísná věda 科学哲学、世界观和 "Tiefsinn"：胡塞尔文章中的三种哲学形式 哲学是一门严谨的科学
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2018-11-16 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2018.402
Aleš Novák
{"title":"Vědecká filosofie, světový názor a „Tiefsinn“: tři podoby filosofie v Husserlově článku Filosofie jako přísná věda","authors":"Aleš Novák","doi":"10.46938/tv.2018.402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2018.402","url":null,"abstract":"Since phenomenology isn’t just a method of philosophical rsearch but also a genuine philosophical stance, Husserl discusses in his famous article Philosophy as a Strict Science from 1910/11 at least three notions of philosophy to demonstrate, what should be considered solely as a scientific philosophy. This may only be his phenomenological philosophy, which Husserl contrasts against both in his time most popular philosophical positions, i.e. the naturalism, and the philosophy of world view. But there is also another ‘brand’ of philosophy that’s being mentioned in his article: the so called “Tiefsinn”. Is it a fourth notion of philosophy, or just the extreme derivation from the “world view”? Not only shall our article answer that question, but also demonstrate Husserl’s conception of a phenomenological philosophy being a strict scientific philosophy in contrast to naturalism as well as the world view.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134268337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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