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Teorie vědy / Theory of Science最新文献

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Zdrojový kód jako literární technologie? O vytváření faktů v digitálním výzkumu
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2017-12-28 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2017.390
Radim Hladík
{"title":"Zdrojový kód jako literární technologie? O vytváření faktů v digitálním výzkumu","authors":"Radim Hladík","doi":"10.46938/tv.2017.390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2017.390","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing use of digital technologies in scientific work and communication raises the question of the epistemological nature of knowledge thus produced. In this essay, I am employing the conceptual apparatus developed by Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer for the analysis of the historical dispute between Robert Boyle and Thomas Hobbes over the ways of producing knowledge in natural philosophy, and applying it to digital research. Their concept of three knowledge-making technologies – material, literary and social – appear to be heuristically useful concepts for reflecting on digital technologies as well. The latter are presented in the essay not as a separate facts-producing technology, but as elements around which the existing scientific technologies are radically reconfigured. Particular attention is paid to the concept of code as a literary technology and the role of digital technologies in the humanities.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124971318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Hobbesova literární technologie závaznosti rozumu
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2017-12-28 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2017.389
J. Maršálek
{"title":"Hobbesova literární technologie závaznosti rozumu","authors":"J. Maršálek","doi":"10.46938/tv.2017.389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2017.389","url":null,"abstract":"Does a perfectly established proof also imply, for its beholder, a commitment to account for the proof's conclusion in further reasoning and action? In the herein presented study, I treat Thomas Hobbes’s Leviathan as a “literary technology” that seeks to position the reader into the role of the author in Leviathan’s argumentation. The interpretations of Hobbes's scientific style offered by S. Shapin and S. Schaffer are thus critically developed alongside Q. Skinner’s analysis of Hobbes’s rhetorical practice. It is suggested that, with regard to his readers, Hobbes does not content himself with merely demonstrating a scientific proof, but strives to involve his readers in his argumentation and make them participate in the creation of scientific arguments and their conclusions.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133262657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Teorie kulturní mezery: sociální věda a její publikum v díle Thorsteina Veblena a Williama F. Ogburna
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2017-12-28 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2017.391
J. Balon
{"title":"Teorie kulturní mezery: sociální věda a její publikum v díle Thorsteina Veblena a Williama F. Ogburna","authors":"J. Balon","doi":"10.46938/tv.2017.391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2017.391","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the theories of cultural lag elaborated by Thorstein Veblen and William F. Ogburn. In particular, it pursues two motives: how the relation between social science and its audience had been implied in their respective approaches, and how the “lag” argument had been employed in their view of the “purpose” of social science. It is demonstrated here that the essentially identical theory had been transformed in their “argumentative strategies” and “styles of writing” to fit their distinctive (critical and instrumental) concepts of social science. Veblen’s key motif of “self-confrontation” of society is contrasted with Ogburn’s motif of “applicability” of knowledge with regard to reflections on literary technologies of science.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126952534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prolegomena k některým příštím teoriím pojmu
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2017-12-28 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2017.395
Ivo Pezlar
{"title":"Prolegomena k některým příštím teoriím pojmu","authors":"Ivo Pezlar","doi":"10.46938/tv.2017.395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2017.395","url":null,"abstract":"Book review:Pavel Materna. Hovory o pojmu. Praha: Academia, 2016, 158 stran.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114648815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Konec se blíží? Kritické připomínky k teorii kolapsů
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2017-03-06 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2016.350
Petr Špecián
{"title":"Konec se blíží? Kritické připomínky k teorii kolapsů","authors":"Petr Špecián","doi":"10.46938/tv.2016.350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2016.350","url":null,"abstract":"The study shows three fundamental weaknesses in contemporary Czech discourse on collapse of complex societies as prominently represented by Miroslav Bárta. First, the absence of scientific consensus regarding the determinants of the historical development has not been properly considered, and very limited attention has been dedicated to a theory that would provide a unifying framework for inclusion and interpretation of individual predictors. Second, there has been no clear answer to the question of which social structure, be it a state, a culture, or a civilization, exactly is the subject of examination, although a specific delimitation seems to be analytically necessary. Third, even a superficial examination shows many of the proposed predictors of the approaching collapse as deeply problematic. The study concludes that the current level of development of the scientific study of complex societies’ collapse does not provide ground to justify predictions that could pragmatically legitimize the social sciences and humanities.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121348544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Efemérní a trvalé: trajektorie zániku vědeckých předmětů amerického testování jaderných zbraní
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2017-03-06 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2016.340
Todd A. Hanson
{"title":"Efemérní a trvalé: trajektorie zániku vědeckých předmětů amerického testování jaderných zbraní","authors":"Todd A. Hanson","doi":"10.46938/tv.2016.340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2016.340","url":null,"abstract":"The historic material culture produced by American Cold War nuclear weapons testing includes objects of scientific inquiry that can be generally categorized as being either ephemeral or enduring. Objects deemed to be ephemeral were of a less substantial nature, being impermanent and expendable in a nuclear test, while enduring objects were by nature more durable and long-lasting. Although all of these objects were ultimately subject to disappearance, the processes by which they were transformed, degraded, or destroyed prior to their disappearing differ. Drawing principally upon archaeological theory, this paper proposes a functional dichotomy for categorizing and studying the historical trajectories of nuclear weapons testing technoscience artifacts. In examining the transformation patterns of steel towers and concrete blockhouses in particular, it explores an associated loss of scientific method that accompanies a science object's disappearance.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122284983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
„Dbejte, abyste morče nezabili ještě před seřízením aparátu!“ Ztracený výukový kontext kymografu
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2017-03-06 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2016.345
Alistair Marcus Kwan
{"title":"„Dbejte, abyste morče nezabili ještě před seřízením aparátu!“ Ztracený výukový kontext kymografu","authors":"Alistair Marcus Kwan","doi":"10.46938/tv.2016.345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2016.345","url":null,"abstract":"The objects of science education are transformed, degraded and disappeared for many reasons, and sometimes take other things with them when they go. This close reading of an undergraduate physiology laboratory report demonstrates how the kymograph was never a stand-alone instrument, but intertwined with conceptual frameworks and technical skills, laboratory amenities, materials, animal supply, technicians. Replacing the obsolete kymograph entails changing all of that, though our usual stories are focussed on progress associated with better measurements with fewer complications, not complications themselves. Such interconnectedness between progress and demise raises uncomfortable challenges for laboratory pedagogy, and for museum practice: what is laboratory education really about, and what kinds of heritage should museums, libraries and archives preserve to document it?","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122098944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the Possible Transformation and Vanishment of Epistemic Objects 论认识对象的可能转化与消失
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2017-03-06 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2016.364
H. Rheinberger
{"title":"On the Possible Transformation and Vanishment of Epistemic Objects","authors":"H. Rheinberger","doi":"10.46938/tv.2016.364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2016.364","url":null,"abstract":"When considering the question of possible transformation and disappearance of scientific objects, it is useful to distinguish between epistemic and technical objects. This paper presents preliminary observations and offers a typology of obsolescence. It is based on several case studies drawn from the history of life sciences. The paper proceeds as follows: first, the dynamics of epistemic objects is considered through the examples of Carl Correns’ study of “xenia”, Alfred Kühn’s work on physiological developmental genetics, and Paul Zamecnik’s research on the protein biosynthesis. Second, the phasing out of technical objects is then separately discussed and illustrated by the example of radioactive tracing in biology – until recently, an established technique of visualization.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122925108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Neúspěšné setkání matematiky a chemie: van ‘t Hoffovy a Sachsovy skládací modely
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2017-03-06 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2016.361
Michael Friedman
{"title":"Neúspěšné setkání matematiky a chemie: van ‘t Hoffovy a Sachsovy skládací modely","authors":"Michael Friedman","doi":"10.46938/tv.2016.361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2016.361","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional material models of molecules were used throughout the 19th century, either functioning as a mere representation or opening new epistemic horizons. In this paper, two case studies are examined: the 1875 models of van ‘t Hoff and the 1890 models of Sachse. What is unique in these two case studies is that both models were not only folded, but were also conceptualized mathematically. When viewed in light of the chemical research of that period not only were both of these aspects, considered in their singularity, exceptional, but also taken together may be thought of as a subversion of the way molecules were chemically investigated in the 19th century. Concentrating on this unique shared characteristic in the models of van ‘t Hoff and the models of Sachse, this paper deals with the shifts and displacements between their operational methods and existence: between their technical and epistemological aspects and the fact that they were folded, which was forgotten or simply ignored in the subsequent development of chemistry.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127221288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
„Nyní jsem hvězdným poslem já“: Reakce římských jezuitů na Galileovy nebeské objevy
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2017-03-06 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2016.349
Markéta Ledvoňová
{"title":"„Nyní jsem hvězdným poslem já“: Reakce římských jezuitů na Galileovy nebeské objevy","authors":"Markéta Ledvoňová","doi":"10.46938/tv.2016.349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2016.349","url":null,"abstract":"The publication of Galileo’s Starry Messenger provoked an immediate reaction of many European scholars, with one important exception: the Jesuit mathematicians of Collegio Romano under the tutelage of recognized mathematician Christoph Clavius. The aim of this paper is to explore the possible reasons behind the belated reaction of the Roman Jesuits who commented on the celestial discoveries more than a year after the publication of Galileo’s book. There is some evidence to suggest that while the Roman mathematician tended to recognize the novelties revealed by the telescope, an instrument that still had to prove its trustworthiness, they were fettered by the strict rules that were designed to maintain unity in the Jesuit order.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116878437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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