Journal of Chromatography A最新文献

{"title":"Solid phase extraction based on a coral like structure conjugated microporous polymer for the detection of preservatives in milk and water","authors":"Hai-Long Jiang ,&nbsp;Hong-Yan Liu ,&nbsp;Xiao-Li Wang ,&nbsp;Da-Feng Jiang ,&nbsp;Dong-Mei Liu ,&nbsp;Jin-Peng Yuan ,&nbsp;Xia Wang ,&nbsp;Ru-Song Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2025.466667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chroma.2025.466667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a coral like structure conjugated microporous polymer with abundant N/O functional groups was synthesized using a one-step method. The synthesized material was assembled into a solid-phase extraction (SPE) column, and it showed efficient extraction performance for paraben-based preservatives. Under optimized SPE conditions, a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with good linear (r≥0.998), low detection limit (0.07-0.19 ng/mL) and high precision (1.8-6.7%, n=6) was developed. The applicability of this method was evaluated by analyzing real samples (milk and water), with spiked recovery rates ranging from 82.8% to 106%, further confirming the accuracy and reliability of the method. The adsorption mechanism was also discussed by simulation calculations, and it was mainly dominated by hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions and van der Waals forces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":347,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography A","volume":"1769 ","pages":"Article 466667"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of a novel C18-sulfobetaine stationary phase based on silica monolith particles for multimodal high performance liquid chromatography","authors":"Ashraf Ali ,&nbsp;Ya Song ,&nbsp;Yongxing Hu ,&nbsp;Sarah Alharthi ,&nbsp;Eman Y. Santali ,&nbsp;Wenjie Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mixed-mode stationary phases enhance separation flexibility for complex samples by integrating multiple retention mechanisms in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this study, a novel mixed-mode stationary phase was prepared by functionalizing sub-1 µm porous silica monolith particles (pore size ∼ 35 nm) with 4-vinyl-1,3-sulfopropyl pyridinium betaine (VSPB) and octadecyl silane (C18). The stationary phase (SMP-C18-SB) was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) analysis. The resultant stationary phase was packed into stainless-steel column (150×4.6 mm) by slurry packing method with sequential pressure of 80-100 MPA. The SMP-C18-SB column demonstrated excellent separation performance for alkylbenzenes, nucleosides, zwitterionic compounds, peptides, and proteins, facilitated by hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophilic interactions from C18 and SB groups. SMP-C18-SB column exhibited superior separation performance in both reversed-phase and hydrophilic interaction modes. Moreover, the column back pressure was quite low owing to the irregular shape of SMPs. The SMP-C18-SB column also exhibited excellent repeatability, with intra-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) of &lt;0.11% for retention time and &lt;1.02% for peak area (n = 10 each) after nearly 1000 consecutive injection. Owing to its versatile mixed-mode capability, the SMP-C18-SB column could be used for the separation of complex mixtures containing polar, non-polar and zwitteionic compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":347,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography A","volume":"1769 ","pages":"Article 466683"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated HPLC–UV validation and LC–MS/MS optimization with molecular networking and chemometrics for advanced characterization of chlorogenic acids in Ilex guayusa","authors":"Thomas Garzón ,&nbsp;Jefferson V. Pastuña-Fasso ,&nbsp;Cristian Quiroz-Moreno ,&nbsp;Melanie Ochoa-Ocampo ,&nbsp;Evencio J. Medina-Villamizar ,&nbsp;Nina Espinosa de los Monteros-Silva ,&nbsp;Karel Diéguez-Santana ,&nbsp;Jessica L. Cooperstone ,&nbsp;Zulay Niño-Ruíz ,&nbsp;José R. Almeida ,&nbsp;Noroska G.S. Mogollón","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chlorogenic acids (caffeoylquinic acid isomers, CQAs) are major phenolic constituents of <em>Ilex guayusa,</em> but their comprehensive profiling in complex plant matrices is hindered by co-elution, overlapping UV spectra, and isomeric similarity in MS/MS. Rather than aiming to fully resolve isomer-specific quantification by MS, here we present an integrated workflow that couples validated HPLC–UV quantification of the major CQA (5-CQA) with an optimized UPLC–MS/MS strategy designed to improve MS1 peak integrity and expand MS/MS coverage for higher-confidence structural annotation. The HPLC–UV method showed excellent performance for targeted quantification of 5-CQA, including strong linearity (r² = 0.998), selectivity, sensitivity (LOQ = 0.25 mg/L), precision, and recovery. For LC–MS/MS, FastDDA acquisition (top-5 vs. top-15 precursors) revealed the expected trade-off between fragmentation depth and MS1 peak quality; however, post-acquisition raw-data merging restored MS1 fidelity and increased the number of detected features by 43%, enabling high-confidence annotation rather than quantitative discrimination of 16 metabolites and the propagation of oxidized CQA-related derivatives using feature-based molecular networking. Multivariate analyses (PCA, volcano plots, HCA) indicated that geographic location exerted the strongest influence on the metabolite composition, followed by sunlight exposure and plant age. Overall, the proposed workflow provides a practical framework that integrates robust chromatographic quantification with MS acquisition and data-processing optimization, thereby enhancing structural characterization and biological interpretation, rather than complete isomer-resolved quantification, of chlorogenic-acid-related chemistry across complex plant-derived and natural product matrices</div></div>","PeriodicalId":347,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography A","volume":"1769 ","pages":"Article 466732"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular dynamics simulations elucidate the structural determinants of size-exclusion chromatography behavior in dimeric G-quadruplex-RHAU","authors":"Min Zhu ,&nbsp;Long-yu Zhu ,&nbsp;Lu-yan An ,&nbsp;Ju Wang ,&nbsp;Jun-qin Qiao ,&nbsp;Han-yue Yang ,&nbsp;Wei-juan Zheng ,&nbsp;Hong-zhen Lian","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on G-quadruplexes (G4s)-RNA helicase associated with AU-rich element (RHAU) interaction has facilitated G4s-targeted therapeutic development. Despite this progress, the interaction between dimeric G-quadruplexes (<span>d</span>-G4s) and RHAU remain less explored compared to monomeric structures. Developing convenient and visual methods to elucidate the interaction mechanisms between different <span>d</span>-G4s structures and RHAU can provide new insights into binding modes, thus aiding in the design of molecular tools targeting <span>d</span>-G4s. In this study, we combined molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to investigate structural dependencies in <span>d</span>-G4s-RHAU interactions for the first time. Diverse <span>d</span>-G4s included hybrid non-parallel (<span>d</span>-24TTG), intramolecular tandem parallel (dAGRO100, GGA8), interlocking parallel (93del), and intermolecular stacked parallel (T30695, T30177) structures were analyzed. MD simulations revealed that the distinct SEC retention behaviors in <span>d</span>-G4s-RHAU interactions were mainly governed by binding site accessibility, inter-site steric hindrance, and binding free energy gradients, trends supported by ITC measured affinities. Furthermore, energy decomposition analysis identified Glu26 in RHAU as a critical residue contributing to electrostatic interactions. Mutating to Arg26 substantially decreased the binding free energy (-94.05 ± 0.41 kJ/mol), emphasizing its functional importance. Thus, this work demonstrates that MD simulations are indispensable for revealing the causes of experimental phenomena and understanding the mechanisms underlying chromatographic behavior. This combined strategy not only discerns interaction patterns stemming from structural diversity but facilitates the rapid screening of G4s-targeting molecules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":347,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography A","volume":"1769 ","pages":"Article 466706"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enrichment of pyrethroid insecticides using effervescent-assisted ionic liquid functionalized in melamine sponge for pipette tip micro solid-phase extraction","authors":"Dararat Saenkam ,&nbsp;Pirom Suwannasom ,&nbsp;Jitlada Vichapong","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A preconcentration and detection method using ionic liquid for embedded in melamine sponge for pipette tip micro solid-phase extraction of pyrethroid insecticides coupled to HPLC was developed for trace amount of pyrethroids residue detection. The synthesis of ionic liquid was accomplished by using tributylhexadecylphosphonium bromide ([P₄₄₄₁₂]Br) and potassium hexafluorophosphate (KPF₆), after that effervescent process was carried out by adding sodium carbonate into a centrifuge tube. The as-prepared ionic liquid was then embedded into melamine sponge, and used for pipette tip micro solid-phase extraction of insecticides in fruit juice matrices. After impregnation, the morphological and structural properties of the sorbents were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. Under the selected conditions, the method exhibited wide linear range (2 – 100 μg <span>l</span>^-1) with a coefficient for determination (R²) greater than 0.99. The limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) were in the range of 2 – 3 μg <span>l</span>^-1 and 0.7 – 1 μg <span>l</span>^-1, respectively. Good reproducibility (RSD &lt; 4.65%, <em>n</em> = 5) were achieved. Moreover, the proposed method provided high enrichment factors (EF) ranging from 36.50 to 45.52 folds. The sorbent was then applied to extract pyrethroids in fruit juice. Accuracy was excellent and acceptable recoveries were attained. The greenness profiles were evaluated utilizing multiple assessment metrics including the Analytical Eco-Scale, AGREE Assessment, and BAGI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":347,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography A","volume":"1769 ","pages":"Article 466674"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145909697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging: Research progress and applications","authors":"Xujun Zhang ,&nbsp;Shan Wang ,&nbsp;Bo Sui ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Lingbo Ji ,&nbsp;Jianxun Zhang ,&nbsp;Ajuan Yu ,&nbsp;Wu Fan ,&nbsp;Wuduo Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) is regarded as a novel molecular imaging approach that integrates DESI source with conventional mass spectrometry to provide spatial information and molecular composition on the sample’s surface. In this review, the principle of DESI-MSI was elucidated, including its desorption process and ionization mechanism. Through the applications in biological tissues and organs, the advantages of DESI-MSI technology were demonstrated in exploring the tissue functional roles and disease mechanisms, including brain, liver, kidney, and lung. Building on these findings, we review DESI-MSI’s unique capability to map both exogenous and endogenous biomolecules, thereby providing insights into spatial distribution of exogenous organisms and endogenous metabolic of transformation pathways and pharmacokinetics. Finally, the recent applications of DESI-MSI in biomedicine, environmental monitoring, and food safety are also reviewed. With the continuous improvement of instruments and analysis methods, DESI-MSI is expected to bring meaningful changes across a growing number of fields, opening up exciting opportunities to support innovative technologies and applied research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":347,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography A","volume":"1769 ","pages":"Article 466719"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biophysical characterisation of mRNA structure and its impact on integrity analysis by liquid chromatography and capillary gel electrophoresis methods","authors":"Mayada Elgohary ,&nbsp;Alexandra L.J. Webb ,&nbsp;Joseph C. Ward ,&nbsp;Andal Murthy ,&nbsp;Jack Hutchinson ,&nbsp;James Button ,&nbsp;George Thom ,&nbsp;Philip Newton ,&nbsp;Emmelie Hammarvid ,&nbsp;Anna D. Baran ,&nbsp;Juhi Patel ,&nbsp;Hannah N. Turney ,&nbsp;Mark J. Dickman ,&nbsp;Sara Trabulo ,&nbsp;Eivor Örnskov","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2025.466625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chroma.2025.466625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Messenger RNA (mRNA) integrity is a critical quality attribute (CQA) commonly assessed using liquid chromatography (LC) and capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE). The LC and CGE methods used for integrity tests are also used for stability studies for establishing product shelf-life for mRNA-based therapeutics. Advances in sequence and structure engineering have demonstrated significant improvements in mRNA translatability and stability. However, the higher order structure (HOS) of mRNA remains poorly understood and it is difficult to correlate experimentally measured structures with their bioinformatically predicted conformations. Previous studies have shown that mRNA HOS can cause artefactual bands or peaks in CGE and LC analyses, leading to anomalous integrity readouts. In this study, we employed a range of biophysical methods to characterise mRNA HOS, aiming to clarify the origins of the additional peaks observed in CGE and LC analyses and to better comprehend the influences of predicted minimum free energy (MFE) and structural features on mRNA integrity, translatability, and stability. Our findings provide new method-related considerations for measuring mRNA integrity as well as insights into the effects of mRNA structure on stability under long term storage and forced degradation conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":347,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography A","volume":"1769 ","pages":"Article 466625"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring fluorotelomer alcohols by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Interlaboratory study results","authors":"Clara M.A. Eichler ,&nbsp;Hannah Calder ,&nbsp;Bharat Chandramouli ,&nbsp;Matthew Curtis ,&nbsp;Heidi Hayes ,&nbsp;Benjamin Kim ,&nbsp;Ruth Marfil-Vega ,&nbsp;Cristina Matos Mejías ,&nbsp;Laura Miles ,&nbsp;Alan Owens ,&nbsp;Jack Stuff ,&nbsp;Kurt Thaxton ,&nbsp;Jochen Vandenberg ,&nbsp;Nicola Watson ,&nbsp;David Wevill ,&nbsp;Jackie A. Whitecavage ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) are a group of volatile and semi-volatile per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) commonly found in indoor air and contribute to PFAS inhalation exposure. Improving our understanding of the contribution of FTOHs to human exposure to PFAS indoors is of high interest. Consensus standard test methods play an essential role in environmental risk assessment and management. We present the outcome of an international interlaboratory study (ILS) conducted with nine laboratories to evaluate the precision of ASTM International Standard Test Method D8591. The ILS was organized by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The test method specifies the analysis of four FTOHs (4:2, 6:2, 8:2 and 10:2 FTOH) collected on PFAS-specific thermal desorption tubes by gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. During the ILS, participating laboratories were instructed to use the test method to analyze three samples (A, B, and C), each three times. Each sample contained the target FTOHs at defined concentrations unknown to the laboratories. The results from seven laboratories show that the relative reproducibility standard deviation (<em>RSD_R</em>) of the method ranges from 14% to 26% and the relative repeatability standard deviation (<em>RSD_r</em>) ranges from 4.6% to 11%, with RSDs decreasing with decreasing volatility of the FTOHs. Bias ranged from -13% to 6.0% and was generally larger and negative for less volatile FTOHs. The test method in conjunction with the precision statistics from this ILS will provide a reliable, defendable method that can be used in the context of studying PFAS sources, transport, and human exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":347,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography A","volume":"1769 ","pages":"Article 466725"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scouting of different separation strategies for phenolic compounds in comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography","authors":"Roberto Laganà Vinci ,&nbsp;Carmelo Coppolino ,&nbsp;Katia Arena ,&nbsp;Francesco Cacciola ,&nbsp;Patrik Appelblad ,&nbsp;Paola Dugo ,&nbsp;Luigi Mondello","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2025.466654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chroma.2025.466654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC) offers unique opportunities to resolve structurally diverse analytes that cannot be fully characterized by conventional one-dimensional methods. In this work, different LC × LC configurations combining reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) and hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) were systematically investigated for the separation of a 48-compound phenolic standard mixture. Special attention was devoted to the discussion of key method parameters affecting retention behaviour and selectivity in the different LC × LC configurations. Three setups, namely, HILIC × RP-LC, RP-LC × RP-LC, and RP-LC × HILIC were optimized using focusing modulation with active trapping and evaluated in terms of orthogonality, peak capacity, resolution, dilution factor, analysis time, and solvent consumption. Among the tested configurations, HILIC × RP-LC provided the best results in terms of both separation efficiency and operational sustainability with higher corrected peak capacity, reduced dilution, and enhanced throughput. On the one hand, RP-LC × RP-LC offered robust performance with broad applicability due to stationary-phase availability, whereas, RP-LC × HILIC showed complementary selectivity but lower eco-sustainability. The Red, Green, Blue (RGB) additive colour model was applied to integrate analytical, environmental, and productivity metrics, identifying HILIC × RP-LC as the most effective configuration. Finally, the optimized method was applied to the characterization of phenolic profiles in herbal liqueurs, enabling detailed fingerprinting of complex natural matrices. These findings highlight the importance of rationally selecting LC × LC configurations and demonstrate the potential of HILIC × RP-LC with focusing modulation for efficient, sustainable, and information-rich profiling of phenolic compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":347,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography A","volume":"1769 ","pages":"Article 466654"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable downstream processing of ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids: Integrated chromatographic strategies and techno-economic evaluation","authors":"Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Nengqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Houle Xiang ,&nbsp;Jingwei Kou ,&nbsp;Yuqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Hanjie Ying ,&nbsp;Pengpeng Yang ,&nbsp;Hao Qiao ,&nbsp;Jinglan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ganoderma lucidum</em> triterpenoids (GLTs) are high-value bioactive metabolites with increasing demand in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical sectors. However, their structural diversity, characterized by numerous analogs and structural isomers, coupled with the complexity of sources such as spores, fruiting bodies, and mycelia, presents significant challenges for high-resolution separation and high-purity isolation. This review critically evaluates the evolution of chromatographic and preparative isolation technologies tailored for GLTs. We systematically analyze three integrated separation workflows, designated as Route I, II, and III, from a chromatographic perspective, focusing on how different stationary phase behaviors and mobile phase configurations address specific sample complexities. Key emerging technologies, including high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC), and preparative supercritical fluid chromatography (Prep-SFC), are assessed for their efficacy in resolving isomeric pairs and reducing irreversible adsorption. Furthermore, a technical-economic and environmental evaluation using the environmental factor (E-factor) is provided to link separation efficiency with industrial purity requirements ranging from 30 % to 90 %. By comparing the resolution, throughput, and sustainability of these chromatographic modes, this review provides a strategic roadmap for selecting optimal purification platforms to ensure the quality standardization of <em>Ganoderma lucidum</em> products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":347,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography A","volume":"1768 ","pages":"Article 466710"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}