Study on the essential components in Cyperi Rhizoma from different regions of China based on 3D van Krevelen diagram

Investigate the correlation between essential components and Cyperi Rhizoma from various regions of China using the 3D van Krevelen diagram. Head-space hyphenated with Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC–MS) was employed to analyze the essential components of Cyperi Rhizoma from different regions of China. The 3D van Krevelen diagram was generated using Matlab 8.0 software to visualize the data. Additionally, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was utilized to quantify the content of cyperenone, nootkatone, and α-cyperone in Cyperi Rhizoma samples from diverse regions of China. A total of 132 chemical components were identified in Cyperi Rhizoma, encompassing alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters, sesquiterpenes, and oxidized sesquiterpenes, among others. The 3D van Krevelen diagram effectively illustrated the categories, quantities, and proportions of these components and highlighted region-specific characteristics. For instance, terpenoid content was highest in samples from Guangdong, while alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones were most abundant in those from Shandong. The highest levels of alkenes, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes were observed, whereas oxidized terpenes showed the lowest concentrations. The HPLC findings corroborated the conclusions derived from the 3D van Krevelen diagram. The 3D van Krevelen diagram effectively depicted the distribution of essential components in Cyperi Rhizoma from different regions of China, facilitating the transition from numerical data to graphical representation. This method provides an intuitive visualization of the compositional characteristics of Cyperi Rhizoma across various regions of China.