Plant Stress最新文献

{"title":"Physiological and molecular insights into the effect of a seaweed biostimulant on enhancing fruit yield and drought tolerance in tomato","authors":"Aakansha Kanojia ,&nbsp;Rafe Lyall ,&nbsp;Neerakkal Sujeeth ,&nbsp;Saleh Alseekh ,&nbsp;Félix J. Martínez-Rivas ,&nbsp;Alisdair R. Fernie ,&nbsp;Tsanko S. Gechev ,&nbsp;Veselin Petrov","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tomato is one of the most widely grown vegetable crops in Europe. This study describes an approach for treating tomato plants with an extract of Ascophyllum nodosum (ANF) prior to a stress event, which prepares the plants at the molecular level to respond more effectively to stress conditions, through a process known as molecular priming. Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Micro-Tom, a dwarf tomato variety, was pre-treated with ANF via foliar spray during the flowering phase and subsequently subjected to drought conditions. ANF-treated plants exhibited enhanced growth, fruit yield, and stress tolerance under both moderate and severe drought conditions compared to untreated plants. Transcriptomic studies in leaves revealed that the priming treatment preserved the photosynthetic machinery, inducing stress-protective genes involved in ascorbate, peroxidase, GABA, glutathione, and flavanol biosynthesis. Simultaneously, the treatment repressed key senescence-related genes associated with ethylene biosynthesis, as well as several <em>WRKY</em> and <em>NAC</em> transcription factors. Metabolome analysis demonstrated that ANF induces drought tolerance by promoting the accumulation of stress-protective primary and secondary metabolites, such as GABA, proline, maltose, ascorbic acid, quercetin, and biotin, which can act as osmoprotectants and free radical scavengers during drought. Combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses suggest that ANF treatment represses the senescence process, maintains photosynthetic activity, and induces the accumulation of protective metabolites and amino acids, promoting plant survival and growth under drought. Overall, this research provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying biostimulant-based molecular priming and offers a knowledge-based approach for the accurate application of this ANF molecular priming agent to increase crop productivity and mitigate yield loss during drought, contributing to food security in the era of climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100692"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the long-term survival of bakanae pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi in rice-wheat cropping system in Northern - India using advanced metagenomic and qPCR techniques","authors":"Sapna Sharma ,&nbsp;Gaurav Kumar Yadav ,&nbsp;Mohamad Ayham Shakouka ,&nbsp;Mukesh Kumar Yadav ,&nbsp;Gopala Krishnan Subbaiyan ,&nbsp;Mahender Singh Saharan ,&nbsp;Ashish Kumar Gupta ,&nbsp;Bishnu Maya Bashyal","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bakanae disease, caused by <em>Fusarium fujikuroi</em>, is emerging as a major threat to rice crops worldwide, posing a significant challenge to basmati rice farming in India. The difficulty in managing the disease is compounded by the morphological similarities between various pathogenic species and the limited research on its soil-borne nature, especially in the context of Indian farming conditions. This study utilized quantitative PCR (qPCR) and metagenomic approaches to monitor <em>Fusarium fujikuroi</em> population in soil from a rice-wheat cropping system during 2021–22 in North Indian conditions. The qPCR analysis revealed changes in <em>Fusarium fujikuroi</em> abundance, with the highest colonization in August 2021 (1.19 × 10¹⁰) and a notable decline by June 2022 (1.84 × 10⁶). Metagenomic studies based abundance analysis at the phylum level showed the prevalence of ascomycetes in all the samples taken for the study. The key fungal genera observed in bakanae infected field following rice-wheat cropping system included Talaromyces, Mortierella, Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Emericellopsis, Fusarium, Chaetomium, Westerdykella and Amesia. Talaromyces was most abundant in September 2021 (34.40 %) which corresponded with the lowest Fusarium abundance (0.22 %) in soil samples tested. Other beneficial fungi such as Trichoderma, Penicillium and Westerdykella etc. were also detected during the evaluation, supporting their role in managing bakanae disease. The decrease in the <em>Fusarium fujikuroi</em> population over the study period, as revealed by quantitative PCR and metagenomics, indicates that the viability of <em>Fusarium fujikuroi</em> as a soil-borne pathogen is limited. This suggests the importance of maintaining a proper interval of 6–7 months between harvest and the next sowing. Further, the study emphasized the potential use of biocontrol agents to mitigate bakanae disease problem along with the promotion of sustainable and resilient rice farming systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100690"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gibberellic acid reverses glucose-inhibited photosynthesis and growth via reduced glutathione and hormonal crosstalk in chromium-treated mustard","authors":"Bareerah Morris ,&nbsp;Sheen Khan ,&nbsp;Noushina Iqbal ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi ,&nbsp;Nafees A. Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chromium (Cr) contamination jeopardizes agricultural productivity by impairing photosynthesis and growth in plants. This study investigates the potential of gibberellic acid (GA) in mitigating the adverse effects of Cr exposure in mustard (<em>Brassica juncea</em> L.) plants and elucidates the underlying mechanism involved. Mustard plants were treated with 100 µM Cr to induce stress, followed by individual and combined foliar applications of 10 µM GA and 6 % glucose (Glu) to assess their effects on photosynthesis, growth, oxidative stress and hormonal regulation. Photosynthesis and growth of Cr-treated plants were inhibited, partially due to Glu accumulation. GA application enhanced Glu utilization, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and optimized ethylene and nitric oxide (NO) levels. The optimized ethylene and NO signaled increased proline, GSH and antioxidant enzyme activity, thus promoting photosynthesis and growth under Cr stress. This study highlights the role of GA with Glu in counteracting Cr toxicity through complex hormonal interactions, emphasizing its potential as a phytoremediation strategy to improve the growth and productivity of crops in Cr-contaminated soils. The mechanisms underlying GA-mediated stress alleviation could pave the way for developing targeted approaches to enhance plant resilience against heavy metal stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100694"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic and metabolomic insights into temperature-dependent changes in catechin and anthocyanin accumulation in tea plants with different leaf colors","authors":"Jingbo Yu ,&nbsp;Qianying Wang ,&nbsp;Wenli Wang,&nbsp;Ruihong Ma,&nbsp;Changqing Ding,&nbsp;Kang Wei,&nbsp;Liyuan Wang,&nbsp;Shibe Ge,&nbsp;Yuanzhi Shi,&nbsp;Xin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tea (<em>Camellia sinensis</em>) is a globally important cash crop, with a variety of kinds depending on colors and constituents. Temperatures influence leaf color and secondary metabolite accumulation in tea plants and thus it is worth investigating global metabolic and transcriptomic changes in different tea cultivars under different temperature regimes. In this study, the dynamic changes in key genes and secondary metabolites were analyzed in the purple-leaf tea cultivar ‘Zijuan’ (ZJ) and the green-leaf cultivar ‘Longjing 43’ (LJ) under four temperature conditions (15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, and 35 °C), employing RNA-sequencing and targeted metabolomics (UPLC-GC/MS). Results showed that anthocyanin content in ZJ was significantly higher at 15 °C and 20 °C than at 25 °C and 35 °C, suggesting that low temperatures strongly enhance anthocyanin synthesis. In contrast, LJ exhibited greater catechin accumulation at lower temperatures, especially at 15 °C and 20 °C, where the relative content of key compounds was significantly higher than at 25 °C. Low temperatures enhanced the expression of <em>ANTHOCYANIDIN SYNTHASE</em> (<em>ANS</em>) in ZJ while inhibiting the expression of <em>ANTHOCYANIDIN REDUCTASE</em> (<em>ANR</em>) and <em>LEUCOANTHOCYANIDIN REDUCTASE</em> (<em>LAR</em>). Nonetheless, all three genes were suppressed by high temperatures in ZJ. In LJ, the expression of <em>ANS, ANR</em>, and <em>LAR</em> showed similar trends under both low and high temperatures, suggesting that the metabolic responses to temperature changes are more consistent in LJ. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified key transcription factors that are significantly positively correlated with catechin and anthocyanin accumulation, including bHLH (<em>CSS0002807</em>), NAC (<em>CSS0035736</em>), AP2/ERF (<em>CSS0000647</em>), MYB (<em>CSS0000220</em>), MYB (<em>CSS0002706</em>), and WRKY (<em>CSS0024910</em>). Overall, this study provides novel insights into the secondary metabolite response mechanisms of tea plants under different temperatures and offers theoretical support for the breeding and selection of new tea cultivars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100705"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing tolerance to Phytophthora spp. in eggplant through DMR6–1 CRISPR/Cas9 knockout","authors":"Martina Ferrero,&nbsp;Danila Valentino,&nbsp;Anna Maria Milani,&nbsp;Cinzia Comino,&nbsp;Sergio Lanteri,&nbsp;Alberto Acquadro,&nbsp;Andrea Moglia","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural production is affected by the worsening effects of climate change with severe yield losses caused by rising temperatures, water scarcity and consequent modifications in the interactions between crops, pests, and pathogens. The availability of stress-tolerant plants will thus be a key point to guarantee the world food security in the next future. To this purpose, a significant contribution might be provided by the New Genomic Techniques (NGTs), such as CRISPR/Cas9, which allow to insert targeted modifications in the plants’ genomes offering new opportunities for crop improvement. Susceptibility genes encode proteins that pathogens can take advantage of during the colonization process, and their disabling confers a broad-spectrum and long-lasting pathogen tolerance to the plant. Among the S-genes, <em>Downy Mildew Resistance 6</em> (<em>DMR6</em>) encodes an enzyme involved in Salicylic Acid (SA) degradation, and its inactivation in other <em>Solanaceae</em> species has proven to increase SA levels and confer tolerance to a broad spectrum of pathogens. We identified two orthologs of this gene in eggplant's genome, namely <em>SmDMR6–1</em> and <em>SmDMR6–2.</em> In the ‘Black Beauty’ cultivar, only <em>SmDMR6–1</em> expression significantly increased upon infection by the two oomycetes <em>Phytophthora infestans</em> and <em>Phytophthora capsici</em>, suggesting its involvement in the regulation of plant responses to biotic stresses. Here we report, for the first time in eggplant, the knockout of <em>SmDMR6–1</em> gene through CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The regenerated T₀ plants were screened by Sanger sequencing and one was selected and self-pollinated to generate T₁ and then T₂ plants. The mutant lines were subjected to pathogen assays which highlighted an increased tolerance to infection by <em>P. infestans</em> and <em>P. capsici</em>, if compared to non-edited plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100691"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SlNRT1.5 transporter and the SlSKOR K+ channel jointly contribute to K+ translocation in tomato plants","authors":"Almudena Martínez-Martínez ,&nbsp;Maria Ángeles Botella ,&nbsp;Manuel Francisco García-Legaz ,&nbsp;Elvira López-Gómez ,&nbsp;Jesus Amo ,&nbsp;Lourdes Rubio ,&nbsp;Jose Antonio Fernández ,&nbsp;Vicente Martínez ,&nbsp;Francisco Rubio ,&nbsp;Manuel Nieves-Cordones","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accumulation of K⁺ in shoots is largely dependent on K⁺ transport via the xylem and has important implications not only for K⁺ nutrition but also for stress tolerance. In tomato plants, the K⁺ channel SlSKOR contributed to K⁺ translocation but the decrease in the shoot K⁺ content in <em>slskor</em> mutants was only ∼15 %, indicating that additional K⁺ transport systems operated in the tomato stele. Here, we studied the physiological roles of the transporter SlNRT1.5 in tomato plants, whose homolog in Arabidopsis, AtNRT1.5, contributed to xylem K⁺ load. By using heterologous expression of SlNRT1.5 in Xenopus oocytes and a <em>slnrt1.5</em> knock-out mutant, we have gained insights into its role in shoot K⁺ nutrition. Expression of SlNRT1.5 in Xenopus oocytes resulted in K⁺ efflux, similar to that mediated by AtNRT1.5, which could indicate that SlNRT1.5 operates as a K⁺ transport system. Plants lacking <em>slnrt1.5</em> accumulated less K⁺ in shoots than WT plants under low external pH (4.5), and low supply of K⁺ (0.05 mM) and N (0.5 mM). Interestingly, <em>slnrt1.5</em> plants accumulated less Na⁺ and Cl^- in shoots than WT plants. Further analyses on <em>slskor slnrt1.5</em> double mutant plants revealed an overlapping role of SlSKOR and SlNRT1.5 in shoot K⁺ accumulation. Double mutants showed a 40 % decrease in shoot K⁺ content in comparison with <em>slskor</em> and <em>slnrt1.5</em> single mutants. Altogether, this study showed that SlNRT1.5 and SlSKOR are major players in shoot K⁺ accumulation in tomato plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100689"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Dalbergia sissoo as host species in physiological and molecular adaptation of sandalwood under individual and interactive salinity and water deficit stress","authors":"Aarju Sharma ,&nbsp;Ashwani Kumar ,&nbsp;Sulekha Chahal ,&nbsp;Pooja Dhansu ,&nbsp;Raj Kumar ,&nbsp;Shruti Kaushik ,&nbsp;Bindu Battan ,&nbsp;Parvender Sheoran ,&nbsp;Poonam Choudhary","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of present study was to investigate the viability of cultivating white sandalwood (<em>Santalum album</em> L.) in sub-tropical India where farmers are primarily concerned with salinity stress and water deficit as well as different genes that regulate the growth. The present research was undertaken to explore the molecular mechanism of salinity and drought tolerance in sandalwood planted with <em>Dalbergia sissoo</em> (selected based on prior studies) by conducting an RBD experiment under water deficit (50 %), salinity stress (EC<em>_iw</em> ∼ 8 ds/m) and combined 50 % water deficit and saline stress (EC<em>_iw</em> ∼ 8 ds/m). After two years of imposed treatments, leaves were collected from sandalwood to study the relative gene expression of salinity tolerance (<em>SOS 1, NHX 1</em> and <em>NHX 2</em>), antioxidant enzymes (<em>SOD, CAT, APX</em> and <em>POX</em>), proline synthesis (<em>P5CS</em> and <em>P5CR</em>) and nitrogen metabolism (<em>NR, NIR, GS</em> and <em>GDH</em>) related genes using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Different morpho-physiological and biochemical traits showed reduction under individual and interactive stresses except proline and Na⁺ content as well as anti-oxidative enzyme activities. So far, gene expression studies have not been fully validated in sandalwood under abiotic stresses. The results displayed that <em>SOS 1, NHX 1, NHX 2, APX, POX, CAT, SOD, P5CS</em> and <em>P5CR</em> genes showed maximum expression under combined salinity and water deficit stress. On the other side, genes involved in nitrogen metabolism, i.e., <em>NR, NIR, GS</em> and <em>GDH</em> showed lowest expression under individual as well as interactive water deficit and salinity stress. The current study also highlights the significance of the host <em>D. sissoo</em> which may be good long-term host species in terms of stress tolerance mechanism at molecular level for sandalwood production under changing environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100679"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acclimation of barley plants to elevated CO2 concentration and high light intensity does not increase their protection against drought, heat, and their combination","authors":"Hana Findurová ,&nbsp;Otmar Urban ,&nbsp;Barbora Veselá ,&nbsp;Jakub Nezval ,&nbsp;Radomír Pech ,&nbsp;Vladimír Špunda ,&nbsp;Karel Klem","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants face fluctuations in environmental conditions throughout their life cycles. Some of these conditions, such as CO₂ concentration and increasing temperature, are closely linked to ongoing climate change. These conditions not only affect plant growth and development but also modify the response to sudden exposure to stressors through morphological, physiological, and biochemical acclimation. Understanding these responses is therefore important for defining adaptation strategies for future crop production. In this study, we tested the acclimation effect of light intensity (low, high) and CO₂ concentration (low, ambient, elevated) on barley plants and its implications for subsequent responses to drought, heat, and their combination. The acclimation to the growth conditions induced numerous changes both in plant morphology and physiology. The whole-plant leaf area was stimulated by increasing light intensity and CO₂ concentration. That led to increased whole-plant transpiration despite the trend of stomatal conductance was the opposite in comparison to leaf area. The increased whole-plant transpiration then increased the sensitivity of barley plants to the stress treatments. Similarly, the stimulatory effect of high light intensity on antioxidative capacity was not sufficient to improve barley performance under the stress treatments. The presented results show that for physiological or biochemical indicators of stress tolerance to be realistically used to evaluate the expected response to stress conditions, they must be related to the morphology of the whole plant, which influences both the severity of stress and the quantitative role of resistance mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100687"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salicylic acid promotes endosperm development and heat-tolerance of waxy maize (Zea mays L. var. ceratina Kulesh) under heat stress","authors":"Jian Guo ,&nbsp;Zitao Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Lingling Qu ,&nbsp;Yanping Chen ,&nbsp;Guanghao Li ,&nbsp;Dalei Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High temperature (HT) during the grain-filling stage has become an important factor restricting endosperm development and yield formation in maize. Saicylic acid (SA) is an efficient plant-protective hormone, but its specific function and molecular mechanism regulating the heat tolerance of maize grains have not been reported. In this study, two waxy maize varieties cultivated in pots were used as research materials, and exogenous SA and HT were applied at the initial grain-filling stage. Compared with HT, the application of SA prolonged grain-filling duration and increased grain numbers per panicle, thereby improving the grain weight and yield. SA enhanced the ploidy level and promoted the proliferation of endosperm cells under HT. SA promoted the biosynthesis and accumulation of sucrose and starch in endosperm under HT by regulating their metabolism. SA stabilized the balance of endogenous hormones in heat-tolerant variety, and activated the plant hormone signal transduction pathway. SA triggered alpha-linolenic acid metabolism and jasmonic acid signaling pathways of heat-tolerant variety. Furthermore, SA adjusted the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways of heat-sensitive variety. In conclusion, the physiological, biochemical, transcription profile, and metabolite level changes induced by SA treatment form the basis for the enhancement of heat tolerance of maize endosperm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100684"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis reveal the key regulator in BTH-induced fruit resistance of banana","authors":"Faiz Ur Rahman ,&nbsp;Yulin Yao ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Xie,&nbsp;Jiangping Chen,&nbsp;Ke Ma,&nbsp;Weixin Chen,&nbsp;Xueping Li,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benzothiadiazole (BTH) is a plant resistance inducer that effectively delays ripening and senescence in fruits. To understand its possible mechanism, transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses were performed on banana (<em>Musa</em> spp.) fruit treated with BTH after their inoculation with the fungal pathogen <em>Colletotrichum musae.</em> A total of 1,747 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and 1,160 were up- and 587 downregulated between the BTH and control conditions. These DEGs were highly enriched in metabolic pathways related to disease resistance, such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoids, and starch and sucrose metabolism. A metabolome analysis identified 138 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) of which 73 were upregulated and 65 downregulated between the BTH and control conditions. Flavonoids were significantly upregulated DAMs. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses showed that the lignin biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways played important roles in the disease resistance of banana fruit induced by BTH by upregulating the expression of <em>PAL, 4CL, PER, CHS, FLS</em>, and <em>FL3H</em>. Moreover, WRKY transcription factors (TFs) also played key roles in this process of resistance by mediating genes related to disease resistance, such as <em>PR1, PR1c, TLPH, PTI5,</em> and other genes. Our results suggested that the BTH treatment significantly changed the expression of transcripts and metabolites related to the hormone signaling, secondary metabolism, disease resistance, and key TFs, which induced the disease resistance and delayed the ripening process. The insights into these molecular mechanisms also provide potential targets for genetic or chemical approaches to further enhance fruit quality and resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100682"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}