Plant Stress最新文献

{"title":"Genome-wide analysis of the C2H2-type zinc finger protein family in rice (Oryza sativa) and the role of OsC2H2.35 in cold stress response","authors":"Songguo Wu ,&nbsp;Yuzhang Chen ,&nbsp;Jianguo Li ,&nbsp;Chunli Fu ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Luo ,&nbsp;Jingzhen Wang ,&nbsp;Xincheng Wan ,&nbsp;Ke Huang ,&nbsp;Hailian Zhou ,&nbsp;Guosheng Xie ,&nbsp;Zhengdan Wu ,&nbsp;Lingqiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cold can be a tough challenge for rice cultivation, impacting its growth and overall productivity. The Cys2His2 (C2H2) zinc finger (ZF) genes are essential for plants’ responses to abiotic stress. In this study, we identified 99 <em>OsC2H2</em> genes within the <em>Oryza sativa japonica</em> genome, detailing their gene structure, conserved C2H2-ZF domains, and motif compositions for the first time. We also examined the temporal expression patterns of these genes under cold, heat, drought, flooding, and salt stress. Interestingly, we found that <em>OsC2H2.35</em> was upregulated during cold stress, and CRISPR/Cas9 editing of this gene enhances rice cold tolerance in seedlings. RNA-seq results showed that OsC2H2.35 negatively regulates several <em>COR</em> genes, including <em>DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTORS 1</em> <em>s</em> (<em>OsDREB1A, OsDREB1B</em>, and <em>OsDREB1C</em>). Specifically, OsC2H2.35 can directly bind to the promoters of <em>OsDREB1A</em> and <em>OsDREB1C. Osc2h2.35</em> greatly enhances cold tolerance while preserving all essential agronomic traits, making it a valuable gene target for the genetic improvement of rice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100772"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The integrated multi-omics analysis unravels distinct roles of Malvaceae-derived protein hydrolysate and its molecular fraction in modulating tomato resilience under limited nitrogen availability","authors":"Sonia Monterisi ,&nbsp;Monica Yorlady Alzate Zuluaga ,&nbsp;Biancamaria Senizza ,&nbsp;Mariateresa Cardarelli ,&nbsp;Youssef Rouphael ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Colla ,&nbsp;Luigi Lucini ,&nbsp;Stefano Cesco ,&nbsp;Youry Pii","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen (N) is essential for plant growth, yet its limited availability challenges crop development. Protein hydrolysates (PHs) from plant sources are biostimulants that can enhance nutrient use efficiency and stress tolerance in crops, although their mode of action, depending on the botanical origin and the molecular fraction, is largely unknown. This study investigated the molecular effects of a <em>Malvaceae</em>-based pH (C) and its medium molecular weight fraction (F2) on tomato plants under optimal and suboptimal N conditions. Plants were foliarly-treated with C, F2, or left untreated, and analysed using integrated omics techniques. Under optimal N conditions, C upregulated genes associated with photosynthesis, aging, and abiotic stress responses, suggesting enhanced metabolism and resilience. Both C and F2 modulated genes involved in hormone signalling, particularly auxin and cytokinin, and <em>Circadian rhythm</em> pathways. Under suboptimal N, C influenced hormone signalling and light response genes, potentially alleviating N deficiency stress. Metabolomic analysis showed that under low N, C increased fatty acids, amino acids, and phenolic compounds linked to stress protection, while F2 had a milder effect. Multi-omics analysis showed that C impacted N metabolism upregulating nitrate transporters (NRT1) and promoting metabolic reprogramming, whereas F2 primarily influenced hormonal signalling and <em>Circadian rhythm</em>. Overall, C might be more effective than F2 in optimizing N use efficiency. Our study demonstrates that <em>Malvaceae</em>-based PHs can modulate gene expression and metabolism in tomato plants under suboptimal N level, enhancing adaptation to N shortage. However, further research is needed to elucidate the mode of action of PHs in N metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100771"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of methyl jasmonate and salicylhydroxamic acid on the biosynthesis of flavonoids in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. hairy roots","authors":"Huan-huan Zhao ,&nbsp;Ran Du ,&nbsp;Ya-lei Han ,&nbsp;Zhao-hui Yang ,&nbsp;Xiang Qiu ,&nbsp;Yu-qi Li ,&nbsp;Jian-guo Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhi-wei Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Glycyrrhiza glabra</em> L., a commercially important licorices species, is rich in flavonoids with significant medicinal properties. Phytohormone jasmonates play a pivotal role in modulating flavonoid biosynthesis, though their specific impact on distinct flavonoid subclasses in <em>G. glabra</em> remains unclear. This study investigates the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) on flavonoid biosynthesis in <em>G.glabra</em> hairy roots using transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. MeJA treatment significantly upregulated key enzymes and transcription factors involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, leading to increased levels of specific flavonoids such as 8-prenylnaringenin. Conversely, SHAM treatment downregulated these genes and reduced flavonoid content. Notably, <em>GurMYB04</em> emerged as a key regulator of flavonoid biosynthesis, showing contrasting expression patterns under MeJA and SHAM treatments. These findings highlight the divergent role of jasmonate signaling in flavonoid biosynthesis and provide insights for targeted metabolic engineering in <em>G. glabra</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100774"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reprogramming assimilate partitioning in the second half of the night supports grain filling in inferior spikelets under high night temperature stress in rice","authors":"Nitin Sharma ,&nbsp;Dinesh Kumar Saini ,&nbsp;Suchitra Pushkar ,&nbsp;Impa Somayanda ,&nbsp;S.V. Krishna Jagadish ,&nbsp;Anjali Anand","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High night temperature (HNT) stress disrupts key physiological processes like respiration, assimilate partitioning, and grain filling, challenging crop production. While the impact of HNT on grain growth and yield is known, the role of sink strength and starch biosynthesis in inferior or superior spikelets, as well as the effects of temporal variations on assimilate distribution, remain underexplored. We hypothesized that a tolerant genotype reallocates sugars to inferior spikelets under HNT stress by enhancing sink strength and starch biosynthesis, with the second half of the night playing a critical role in these processes. Two rice genotypes, Nagina 22 (HNT-tolerant) and Vandana (HNT-sensitive), were subjected to HNT (4 °C above the control) from anthesis to physiological maturity. Assimilate movement and sink enzyme activity were investigated during peak grain-filling. Results revealed differential ¹⁴C partitioning to starch synthesis in spikelets, with superior spikelets maintaining higher synthesis rates under HNT. Under HNT, Vandana showed reduced sucrose synthase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) activities (up to 63 % in inferior spikelets), while Nagina 22 exhibited increased sucrose synthase (up to 2.7-fold) and AGPase (up to 31 %) activities in inferior spikelets. Under HNT, Vandana showed reduced starch and sugar levels, while Nagina 22 maintained or increased starch content and exhibited varied sugar responses. Overall, our results confirm that Nagina 22 reallocates sugars to inferior spikelets under HNT stress, driven by enhanced sink strength and starch biosynthesis in the second half of the night. This highlights a novel dimension for developing rice genotypes with improved resilience to HNT, ensuring stable yield under changing climate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100773"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative proteomics reveals an enhanced antioxidant potential coupled with sustained energy-driving pathways as key to salt adaptation in Arak plant (Salvadora persica L.)","authors":"Himanshu V. Patankar,&nbsp;Yasha Zhang,&nbsp;Naganand Rayapuram,&nbsp;Luis F. Rivera,&nbsp;Rod A. Wing,&nbsp;Ikram Blilou","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arak (<em>Salvadora persica</em> L.) is known as a toothbrush tree for its medicinal benefits for oral health and its antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The plant has a remarkable ability to tolerate abiotic stress, especially drought and high salinity. The molecular mechanisms underlying this tolerance are yet to be determined. In this study, we show that salinity tolerance in the Arak plant is mediated by the ability of its roots to maintain a Na⁺/K⁺ balance when subjected to high salinity. Our proteome analysis of Arak leaves found an accumulation of proteins involved in energy metabolism pathways, indicating that Arak leaves maintain their energy-driving mechanisms under salinity stress conditions. While in roots the proteins involved in ROS scavenging and stress-related pathways were significantly differentially expressed. This suggests that the roots act as a first barrier to alleviating salinity-induced oxidative stress. Our study identifies key proteins and pathways that could have biotechnological importance and could be translated to crop species to improve their abiotic stress tolerance capacities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100768"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Arabidopsis Class I formin AtFH5 contributes to seedling resistance to salt stress","authors":"Eva Kollárová ,&nbsp;Anežka Baquero Forero ,&nbsp;Ali Burak Yildiz ,&nbsp;Helena Kočová ,&nbsp;Viktor Žárský ,&nbsp;Fatima Cvrčková","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The family of formins, evolutionarily conserved multidomain proteins engaged in the control of actin and microtubule cytoskeleton organization, exhibits considerable diversity in plants. Angiosperms have two formin clades consisting of multiple paralogs, Class I and Class II, the former being often transmembrane proteins located at the plasmalemma or endomembranes. According to available transcriptome data, the <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> Class I transmembrane formin AtFH5 (At5g54650) exhibits a distinct pattern of transcript abundance in various seedling root tissues with massive increase of transcript level upon salinity stress. To examine a possible role of AtFH5 in NaCl stress response, we generated transgenic plants expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged AtFH5 under its native promoter and characterized its tissue and intracellular localization under standard culture conditions and under NaCl stress. While we confirmed the induction of AtFH5 expression by salt treatment, the distribution of tagged protein, with maxima in the border-like cells of the root cap, in the phloem and at lateral root emergence sites, did not reflect previously reported transcript abundance, suggesting posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Subcellular localization studies employing also membrane trafficking inhibitors suggested that AtFH5 protein level may be modulated by endocytosis and autophagy. Notably, loss-of-function <em>atfh5</em> mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to NaCl stress, indicating that AtFH5 contributes to the development of seedling salt tolerance. These findings highlight the functional importance of AtFH5 in abiotic stress responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100770"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tritordeum, barley landraces and ear photosynthesis are key players in cereal resilience under future extreme drought conditions","authors":"Ander Yoldi-Achalandabaso ,&nbsp;Aitor Agirresarobe ,&nbsp;Artūrs Katamadze ,&nbsp;Giulia Burini ,&nbsp;Omar Vergara-Díaz ,&nbsp;Mariana Mota ,&nbsp;Cristina Oliveira ,&nbsp;Usue Pérez-López ,&nbsp;Rubén Vicente","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought is the main factor limiting cereal production in the Mediterranean basin and Climate Change will exacerbate its effects. Among the strategies to mitigate Climate Change impact on cereal production, we highlight the development of drought-resilient crops better adapted to future extreme conditions, either by i) using heritage germplasm (e.g., landraces) or ii) developing novel species (e.g., crop hybrids). Our study aimed to identify key functional traits and stress-tolerant germplasm to contribute to designing drought-resilient crops under future Mediterranean climatic conditions. For that, we conducted an innovative approach combining a late-sowing field trial with two contrasting water regimes to simulate future extreme drought conditions, the use of high-throughput phenotyping devices and an infrared gas analyser to characterise leaf and ear photosynthesis, biochemistry, growth, and stress responses during the reproductive stage, and a novel linear mixed-effects model to integrate these results with final agronomical data. Modern durum wheat and barley, barley landraces and tritordeum varieties were grown and evaluated as individual plants. Our results identified barley landrace SBCC010 and tritordeum Coique as promising resilient germplasm. These genotypes showed a grain set maintenance and a higher allocation of resources to the ears compared to modern varieties, higher leaf and ear greenness, and ear photosynthesis and thermostability during the reproductive stage, particularly under stress conditions. We conclude the necessity of including ear photosynthesis in the breeding programs relying on adaptive germplasm as barley landraces and novel cereal hybrids as tritordeum to design drought-resilient cereals for future extreme Mediterranean environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100765"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling mechanisms underlying phosphate-induced susceptibility to Bakanae disease in rice","authors":"Héctor Martín-Cardoso ,&nbsp;Gerrit Bücker ,&nbsp;Iratxe Busturia ,&nbsp;Blanca San Segundo","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice is one of the most important crops in the world and sustains &gt;50 % of the world's population. Rice production is, however, severely threatened by bakanae disease, caused by the fungus <em>Fusarium fujikuroi</em>. Due to low soil phosphorus bioavailability, phosphorus fertilizers are routinely used to optimize rice production, which has led to excessive P accumulation in rice fields. We show that high phosphate fertilization enhances susceptibility to bakanae. Similarly, <em>MIR399</em> overexpression increases phosphate content and enhances susceptibility to <em>F. fujikuroi</em> infection. <em>In vivo</em> imaging of the infection process using a green fluorescent protein-expressing <em>F. fujikuroi</em> isolate revealed higher fungal colonization in roots of plants grown under high-phosphate supply compared to plants under low-phosphate, which is in agreement with the observed phenotype of bakanae susceptibility in phosphate-accumulating plants. Moreover, a weaker activation of defense-related genes and reduced accumulation of ROS occurs during infection in rice plants grown under high phosphate supply. Histochemical detection of lignin and suberin showed reduced accumulation of lignin and suberin in roots of rice plants grown under high-phosphate fertilization, which was consistent with a weaker induction of lignin biosynthesis genes and suberin-related genes in those plants. Taken together, these results indicate that phosphate accumulation represses host immune responses and promotes susceptibility to bakanae. This information provides a basis to understand mechanisms underlying phosphate-induced susceptibility to pathogen infection in rice, which might be useful to reduce the use of agrochemicals, pesticides and fertilizers, in protecting rice from bakanae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100766"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering Botrytis cinerea-induced physiological changes in melon plants using multi-sensor imaging approaches","authors":"Matilde Barón,&nbsp;María Trinidad Moreno-Martín,&nbsp;Mónica Pineda","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Botrytis cinerea</em>, a necrotrophic fungus, poses a challenge to melon cultivation, causing severe damage leading to reduced crop yields. Understanding the infection process of <em>B. cinerea</em> is crucial for developing effective control strategies against it in agricultural and horticultural environments. Traditional methods for studying metabolic changes in host plants are time-consuming and, if imaging techniques are used, usually involve a single sensor. This research takes advantage of multiple imaging tools - RGB, thermal, chlorophyll fluorescence, blue-green fluorescence and hyperspectral reflectance devices - to capture a complete picture of physiological changes in melon leaves infected by this fungus. By comparing infected areas with adjacent healthy tissues, key metabolic changes are identified, such as decreased photosynthetic activity and increased oxidative stress, which occur even before visible symptoms appear. The images provide a detailed spatio-temporal map of infection progression and host response, revealing critical aspects of this plant-pathogen interaction. These results highlight the value of integrating multiple imaging technologies for early detection and management of fungal infections in crops. The results also suggest potential applications for precision agriculture, offering a more efficient way to monitor plant health and implement targeted interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100769"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143373072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of glutathione and zinc seed priming in alleviating salt stress on maize seed germination, metabolite levels, seedling vigor, and nutrient acquisition","authors":"Rehan Ahmad Kasana ,&nbsp;Muhammad Iqbal ,&nbsp;Qasim Ali ,&nbsp;Farah Saeed ,&nbsp;Muhammad Rizwan ,&nbsp;Rashida Perveen ,&nbsp;Jean Wan Hong Yong","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The comparative effects of reduced glutathione (GSH) and 0.5 % Zn (applied separately or in combination) were assessed on maize in relation to seed metabolite levels, seedling growth, antioxidative defense mechanism, levels of biochemicals and nutrient acquisition under NaCl stress. The level of applied salinity was 120 mM in Hoagland's nutrient solution. Salinity negatively affected seed germination and the emergence of seedlings; associated with altered seed metabolic activities. The high salinity also elevated the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, altered metabolite levels, reduced uptake of mineral nutrients and increased the uptake of Na⁺ in maize seedlings. Interestingly, the GSH seed priming protocol, when applied alone or with Zn, ameliorated the physiological negativities associated with high salinity upon maize germination, emergence and seedling development. The three millimolar GSH concentration in combination with Zn (0.5 %) improved the germination attributes and emergence of seedlings. The GSH level of 3 mM with Zn was also effective in mitigating the negative impacts of NaCl salinity on seedling growth, associated with better maintenance of physio-biochemical activities, reduced uptake or translocation of Na²⁺, and better maintenance of the increased K⁺/Na⁺ and Ca²⁺/Na⁺. The improvement in maize salt stress tolerance, attributed to 3 mM GSH with 0.5 % Zn as seed treatment, was associated with reduced Na⁺ uptake that decreased its toxicity. Based on this study, it is plausible to use a combination of GSH and Zn as seed priming agentsto enhance the physiological resilience of maize growing in areas with high salinity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100767"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}