Plant Stress最新文献

{"title":"Gibberellin-induced germination enhancement in Chinese sour jujube seeds under cold stress","authors":"Qiang Chen ,&nbsp;Guolong Li ,&nbsp;Jinao Duan ,&nbsp;Zhishu Tang ,&nbsp;Zhongxing Song ,&nbsp;Hongbo Liu ,&nbsp;Xinbo Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low temperature stress severely hinders Chinese sour jujube (<em>Ziziphus jujuba</em> Mill. var. <em>spinosa</em> (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow) seed germination, threatening agricultural yields. Although Gibberellin A3 (GA₃) regulates seed germination, its role in alleviating low temperature stress and its potential mechanisms in Chinese sour jujube are still unclear. This study determined the optimal GA₃ concentration (150 mg/L via concentration gradient experiments under 15 °C) to improve germination under cold stress, analyzing phenotypes physiological indices, and integrating metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis. Results showed 150 mg/L GA₃ increased germination rate (23 %) and vigor (18 %), enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities and proline levels to reduce oxidative damage during prolonged cold exposure. Comprehensive metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis showed that phenylpropionic acid/zeatin biosynthesis gene (<em>4CL, CCR</em>) was up-regulated, while <em>CKX</em> and <em>PAL</em> were down-regulated, which were related to the increase of zeatin and the decrease of abscisic acid metabolites. This study clarified the GA₃-mediated cold-resistant mechanisms of Chinese sour jujube, which provided a basis for breeding cold-resistant varieties and optimizing germination scheme under low temperature stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100936"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling ScAPD1-mediated resistance mechanism to Verticillium dahliae through integrated host-pathogen transcriptomics","authors":"Qilin Yang ,&nbsp;Ruirui Yang ,&nbsp;Huan Zhang ,&nbsp;Fangliu Yin ,&nbsp;Leyi Wang ,&nbsp;Daoyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoshuang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Verticillium dahliae</em>, a devastating vascular wilt pathogen, poses a significant threat to global agriculture. Understanding host resistance mechanisms is critical for developing effective control strategies. This study investigates the role of <em>ScAPD1</em>, a Soloist transcription factor from the extremophilic moss <em>Syntrichia caninervis</em>, in conferring resistance to <em>V. dahliae</em> when overexpressed in the model plant <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>. We employed an integrated host-pathogen transcriptomics approach (dual RNA-seq), alongside physiological and biochemical experiments. Phenotypic analysis confirmed enhanced resistance in transgenic <em>A. thaliana</em> overexpressing <em>ScAPD1</em> (SC lines), characterized by attenuated disease symptoms and significantly reduced fungal biomass. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a striking divergence in host response: while <em>V. dahliae</em> infection severely suppressed photosynthesis-related pathways in wild-type (WT) plants, SC lines maintained their photosynthetic capacity; this preservation of primary metabolism indicates a key component of <em>ScAPD1</em>-mediated resistance. EMSAs demonstrated that <em>ScAPD1</em> directly binds to promoter regions of key photosynthesis genes <em>PsbQ1</em> and <em>PsbO1</em>, providing a direct mechanistic link to this preserved primary metabolism. Concurrently, SC lines exhibited enhanced activation of defense-related pathways, including flavonoid biosynthesis. <em>V. dahliae</em> infecting SC lines displayed widespread suppression of genes involved in essential metabolic processes (e.g., ribosome biogenesis) and putative virulence factors, particularly at later infection stages. These findings indicate that <em>ScAPD1</em> plays a central role in plant resistance to <em>V. dahliae</em> by implementing a potent, two-pronged strategy: it directly regulates and stabilizes host photosynthetic integrity to support sustained defense responses, while simultaneously creating an unfavorable intracellular environment that hinders pathogen metabolic adaptation and virulence. By revealing this sophisticated, dual regulatory mechanism, this study establishes the unique, moss-derived <em>ScAPD1</em> as an exceptionally valuable candidate gene for engineering robust Verticillium wilt resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100935"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blue and far-red light modify the adaptation of Lemna minor L. to cadmium stress based on glutathione, phytochelatin, chemical element and free amino acid levels","authors":"Anamaria Iulia Török ,&nbsp;Oana Cadar ,&nbsp;Balázs Kalapos ,&nbsp;Magda Pál ,&nbsp;Gabriella Szalai ,&nbsp;Zsuzsa Mednyánszky ,&nbsp;Krisztián Gierczik ,&nbsp;András Székely ,&nbsp;Livia Simon-Sarkadi ,&nbsp;Gábor Kocsy","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Light quality has been shown to modulate plant responses to abiotic stresses. Here we studied whether alterations in the light spectrum affect the adaptation of <em>Lemna (</em>L.<em>) minor</em> L to cadmium (Cd) by determining changes in plant growth, Cd uptake, phytochelatins, glutathione, chemical elements and free amino acids levels upon application of the heavy metal. . The plants were cultivated in white light (W) or in white light supplemented with blue (B) or far-red (Fr) light and treated with Cd. The Cd-uptake and the phytochelatin accumulation enabling Cd-chelation was much greater in W light compared to B and Fr light. B light and Cd induced the greatest accumulation of Na, K and certain free amino acids such as Gly and Ala which may form complexes with Cd. Fr light and Cd in turn resulted in the greatest cysteine and glutathione levels, which may contribute to the proper function of the redox-sensitive proteins. In summary, the greatest Cd-extraction capacity of L. <em>minor</em> can be reached in W light. In contrast, B and Fr light are appropriate for the reduction of Cd-uptake. In addition, B light improves the Cd tolerance through accumulation of Cd-complexing amino acids and Fr light may have such effect through its influence on the thiol-dependent redox environment of tissues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100937"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant quantum biology: The quantum dimension of plant responses to stress","authors":"Massimo E. Maffei","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intricate interplay of quantum coherence, entanglement, radical pair mechanisms, and tunneling, suggests that plants operate at a level of sophistication beyond classical expectations. The potential to harness these quantum principles for agricultural innovation and environmental sustainability is immense. This review provides a comprehensive overview of plant quantum biology, extending beyond photosynthesis and magnetosensitivity the exploration of enzyme catalysis and stress responses. The quantum coherence and entanglement in photosynthetic light harvesting and energy transfer, examining their role in efficient energy transduction is evaluated. Plant magnetosensitivity, mediated by cryptochromes and iron–sulfur clusters, is discussed as a potential quantum sensing mechanism. The radical pair mechanism influence on plant growth, development, and circadian rhythms via magnetic field perception is analyzed. Quantum tunnelling impact on enzyme reaction rates and substrate specificity is also discussed. The critical intersection of quantum biology and plant stress responses, encompassing light, oxidative stress, temperature, and biotic stress, is examined. How quantum effects might modulate these responses, offering opportunities for developing stress-tolerant crops reveal that challenges posed by biological complexity, transient quantum phenomena, and experimental limitations, along the need for robust theoretical models are future trends in plant stress biology. Future research should focus on manipulating quantum effects in vivo, bridging fundamental science and agricultural applications for enhanced sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100930"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview of molecular mechanisms and QTLs associated with arsenic tolerance in rice","authors":"Seyedeh Soheila Zarbafi ,&nbsp;Amir Forghani Saravani ,&nbsp;Jong Hyun Ham","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arsenic is a type of metalloid whose concentration is increasing rapidly in the agricultural fields of Asian countries. The presence of arsenic in rice fields not only causes damage at the cellular level and disruption of physiological function, but it can be a serious threat to human health by entering the food chain. Rice uses different defense strategies to deal with arsenic stress, like other abiotic stresses, and sometimes the damage caused by arsenic stress is high depending on the sensitivity of cultivars. Thus, it is imperative to use cultivars tolerant to arsenic stress, especially in areas with high arsenic concentration. For this purpose, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to rice tolerance to arsenic stress have been identified in different breeding populations by examining various traits related to arsenic concentration and accumulation. Identifying reliable QTLs and markers linked to arsenic-related traits will facilitate marker-assisted selection (MAS) for breeding of arsenic-tolerant rice varieties. In this review, we provide information about the arsenic stress to plants, the plant tolerance to arsenic stress, and rice QTLs related to arsenic tolerance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100931"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca influences endophytic communities and plant physiology in resistant and susceptible olive tree cultivars","authors":"Marzia Vergine ,&nbsp;Federico Vita ,&nbsp;Mariarosaria De Pascali ,&nbsp;Giambattista Carluccio ,&nbsp;Erika Sabella ,&nbsp;Alessandro Passera ,&nbsp;Paola Casati ,&nbsp;Luigi De Bellis ,&nbsp;Andrea Luvisi","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the interaction between endophytic communities and olive trees (<em>Olea europaea</em> L.) infected by <em>Xylella fastidiosa</em> subsp. <em>pauca</em> (<em>Xfp</em>), the causal agent of Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS). A multidisciplinary approach was used to assess physiological markers (malondialdehyde, proline, total phenolics and flavonoids), pigment contents (Chl <em>a</em>, Chl <em>b</em>, carotenoids), relative water content (RWC), enzymatic activities (APX, CAT, T-SOD) as well as the diversity and composition of endophytes, in resistant (Leccino) and susceptible (Cellina di Nardò) olive cultivars at varying levels of <em>Xfp</em> infection. Trees were sampled in naturally infected orchards in Apulia (Southern Italy) and grouped by <em>Xfp</em> titer: control (≤10² cfu/mL), low (10³–10⁵), and high (≥10⁶).</div><div>The results show consistent titer-dependent changes: pigment content and RWC decreased with increasing infection, while stress markers and carotenoids increased. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS regions revealed significant differences in microbial communities.</div><div>The Cellina microbiome appeared highly variable and sensitive to infection levels, whereas Leccino exhibited a higher abundance and diversity of beneficial endophytes, including those known to produce antimicrobial compounds and promote plant health. Malondialdehyde data suggest lower oxidative damage in Leccino, reflecting enhanced stress tolerance. In contrast, the compromised endophytic structure in Cellina may exacerbate its vulnerability to <em>Xfp</em>. These findings suggest that <em>Xfp</em> modulates plant metabolism and, in turn, the endophytic community composition by inducing physiological changes in the host plant to counteract pathogen activity. These alterations may affect natural defence mechanisms, including the potential role of specific endophytes in enhancing resistance to <em>Xfp</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100924"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144469864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complexity of combined abiotic stresses to crop plants","authors":"Nasir Ali Khan ,&nbsp;Lucille Owens ,&nbsp;Martin A Nuñez ,&nbsp;Abdul Latif Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants frequently encounter combined abiotic stress factors such as heat and drought, salinity and drought, and flooding and salinity, which impact their growth, development, and productivity. These stress combinations often produce distinct physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses, requiring complex mechanisms for tolerance. We highlight the morphological adaptations (e.g., reduced leaf area, deeper roots) and biochemical responses (e.g., accumulation of osmoprotectants and antioxidants) that help plants mitigate stress effects. We emphasize the role of phytohormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene in stress signaling and molecular regulation through transcription factors and epigenetic modifications during combined stresses. Integrating advanced tools like omics technologies (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics), genetic engineering (CRISPR/Cas9), speed breeding, and systems biology provides insights into stress-responsive pathways and accelerates the development of resilient crops. Additionally, nutrient management strategies (notably silicon and lesser essential nutrient supplementation), and agricultural practices like low tillage and cover cropping are also explored as strategies to improve stress tolerance. One of the least studied in combined stresses is the utilization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, either single or mixed communities. These are promising approaches for promoting stress tolerance. This review underscores the need for multi-year field trials and interdisciplinary strategies to address the complexities of combined stresses and achieve sustainable crop productivity under changing climatic conditions. Future perspectives focus on designing climate-smart crops using speed breeding, synthetic biology, and machine learning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100926"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation of nickel toxicity in rice plants by exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid: Enhancement of growth, antioxidant defense, and metal homeostasis","authors":"Zakirullah Khan ,&nbsp;Rahmatullah Jan ,&nbsp;Saleem Asif ,&nbsp;Muhammad Farooq ,&nbsp;Kyung-Min Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we examined the impacts of exogenously applied γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on rice plants under nickel (Ni)-induced stress. Nickel stress significantly reduced growth parameters, disrupted mineral balance, and increased plant stress through elevated H₂O₂, malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide anions (O₂⁻), coupled with compromised antioxidant defense mechanisms. However, GABA application effectively alleviated these detrimental effects by enhancing growth parameters, improving relative water content, and reducing oxidative stress. GABA significantly increased antioxidative enzymes activities such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, GABA reduced nickel accumulation by upregulating metal transporter proteins (MTPs) <em>OsMTP1</em> and <em>OsMTP8</em>, promoting nickel sequestration into vacuoles and restoring essential mineral contents, such as Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺. Gene expression analysis revealed that GABA stimulated the GABA shunt pathway, significantly enhancing the expression of <em>OsGAD, OsGABA-T</em>, and <em>OsSSADH</em>. These findings demonstrate the potential of using GABA to mitigate nickel toxicity by modulating growth, antioxidant defenses, metal homeostasis, and stress-responsive pathways in rice plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100928"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrate enhances salt tolerance of wild jujube by regulating nutrient homeostasis and nitrate transporters","authors":"Ayimaiti Abudoukayoumu ,&nbsp;Yunfei Li ,&nbsp;Yue Sun ,&nbsp;Yan Cao ,&nbsp;Yaning Hu ,&nbsp;Jian Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wild jujube (<em>Ziziphus jujuba</em> var. <em>spinosa</em>), the wild relative of cultivated jujube, widely used as rootstock in jujube cultivation, demonstrates adaptive advantages under abiotic stress. Despite the critical role of nitrogen in plant growth and development, as well as its association with salt tolerance, the mechanisms underlying nitrate-mediated salinity adaptation in perennial woody plants remain poorly understood. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of nitrate (0.5, 2, and 10 mM NaNO₃) on the growth and physiological responses of wild jujube seedlings under 100 mM NaCl stress. Our results revealed interactive effects between NaCl and NaNO₃ on growth performance and physiological responses. Elevated nitrate levels alleviated NaCl-induced toxicity by reducing MDA accumulation, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase), and promoting the accumulation of potassium, calcium, magnesium, proline, and soluble proteins in leaves. Transcriptional profiling identified six nitrate transporters (<em>ZjNPF5.4, ZjNPF7.2, ZjNPF4.6, ZjNPF3.4, ZjNPF5.13</em>, and <em>ZjNPF2.10</em>) that were specifically upregulated in roots under combined salt-nitrogen stress. Functional validation using <em>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</em>-mediated hairy root transformation demonstrated that overexpression of <em>ZjNPF5.4</em> and <em>ZjNPF7.2</em> enhanced nitrogen assimilation, reduced oxidative damage, and improved the K⁺/Na⁺ ratio, thereby conferring salt tolerance. This study elucidates the molecular mechanisms underlying nitrate-mediated salt tolerance in wild jujube and provides insights that could be harnessed to develop salt-tolerant jujube cultivars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100927"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifaceted roles of ethylene in plants: From traditional functions to modern insights into tritrophic interactions for sustainable agriculture","authors":"Jamin Ali ,&nbsp;Rizhao Chen ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mukarram ,&nbsp;Adil Tonğa ,&nbsp;Khalid Ali Khan ,&nbsp;Hamed A. Ghramh ,&nbsp;Gabriela Jamnická ,&nbsp;Qiyun Li ,&nbsp;Daniel Kurjak","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ethylene, a critical phytohormone, regulates diverse physiological processes in plants, from growth and development to responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. While its role in plant development and direct defence against herbivory has been extensively studied, its potential involvement in indirect defence, particularly in recruiting biological control agents, remains insufficiently explored. This review examines ethylene’s multifaceted role in plants, with an emphasis on its established functions in plant defence and the need for further research into its contribution to indirect defences. Beginning with an overview of ethylene biosynthesis, transport, and signaling pathways, we outline its traditional roles in plant growth and development before discussing its functions in plant defence. The review explores ethylene's involvement in direct defences through physical and biochemical responses and its interactions with other phytohormones. Additionally, we highlight the limited studies on ethylene’s potential role in indirect defences, particularly in plant-plant communication and the recruitment of natural enemies such as predators and parasitoids, underscoring the need for further investigation in this area. Furthermore, we discuss the potential applications of ethylene in sustainable agriculture, proposing its integration into pest management strategies to enhance crop resilience and reduce reliance on synthetic pesticides. By identifying key knowledge gaps, this review highlights the importance of ethylene as a promising but underexplored component of plant defence and calls for future research to better understand its ecological significance and practical applications in pest management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100925"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}