Plant StressPub Date : 2026-09-01Epub Date: 2026-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101530
Prajna Priyadarshini Das, Sanivarapu Nagalakshmi, Poli Yugandhar, Mayank Shrivastva, P. Vamshi, V Papa Rao, Brajendra P, Mangal Deep Tuti, M.S. Anantha, Kalyani M. Barbadikar, C.N. Neeraja, Jitender Giri, R.M. Sundaram, Satendra Kumar Mangrauthia
{"title":"An EMS mutant of rice cultivar Nagina 22 exhibits tolerance to diverse abiotic stresses","authors":"Prajna Priyadarshini Das, Sanivarapu Nagalakshmi, Poli Yugandhar, Mayank Shrivastva, P. Vamshi, V Papa Rao, Brajendra P, Mangal Deep Tuti, M.S. Anantha, Kalyani M. Barbadikar, C.N. Neeraja, Jitender Giri, R.M. Sundaram, Satendra Kumar Mangrauthia","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2026.101530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2026.101530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice frequently encounters diverse abiotic stresses under changing climatic conditions, including high temperature, osmotic stress, and nutrient deficiencies, which severely limit productivity. Nagina 22 (N22), an aus rice cultivar, is widely recognized as an important donor for drought and heat tolerance traits. However, its sensitivity to phosphorus deficiency poses a significant limitation, particularly under drought and high-temperature conditions, which further reduce the availability of inorganic phosphate (Pi). We hypothesized that mutagenesis of N22 would yield superior variants with enhanced agronomic performance and conserved stress-response mechanisms. One of the Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutants, NH733, outperformed N22 by maintaining higher photosynthetic efficiency, biomass, reproductive fertility, and grain yield, supported by a more efficient antioxidant machinery under high temperature and low-soil-phosphorus (P) conditions. RNA sequencing under diverse (osmotic stress, high temperature, and low-P) stresses revealed the potential roles of HSFA2D, PCF3, and GHD7 in broad-spectrum stress adaptation of NH733, thereby establishing this mutant line as a valuable genetic resource for breeding climate-resilient rice varieties. Functional validation of the genes and regulators identified in this study will further facilitate their exploitation in genome editing or genomic assisted breeding–driven crop improvement programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101530"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148952645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant StressPub Date : 2026-09-01Epub Date: 2026-08-26DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101537
Yunyan Lu, Lan Xun, Yanling Xu, Yumei Dong, Guanli Xiao, Sijia Chen, Liang Wang, Yanlin Ma, Yaqiong Zhang, Quan Liang
{"title":"Heterologous expression of soybean GmIAA9 enhances the tolerance of tobacco to low phosphorus stress","authors":"Yunyan Lu, Lan Xun, Yanling Xu, Yumei Dong, Guanli Xiao, Sijia Chen, Liang Wang, Yanlin Ma, Yaqiong Zhang, Quan Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2026.101537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2026.101537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soybean (<em>Glycine</em> max [L.] Merr.) is highly sensitive to phosphorus deficiency, yet the role of <em>AuxIAA</em> genes in phosphorus efficiency remains unclear. Here, we cloned <em>GmIAA9</em> from a soybean phosphorus-efficient near-isogenic line and investigated its function via heterologous overexpression in tobacco. Under low phosphorus stress (LP), <em>GmIAA9</em>-overexpressing tobacco exhibited markedly improved root architecture, with total root length and surface area increased by 25.4% and 19.4%, respectively, accompanied by a 54.9% increase in total biomass. Physiological analyses revealed that <em>GmIAA9</em> overexpression elevated acid phosphatase and peroxidase activities by up to 51.6% and 136%, respectively, while reducing malondialdehyde content by 77.0%, indicating enhanced phosphorus mobilization and alleviated oxidative damage. Hormonal measurements showed that <em>GmIAA9</em> promoted auxin (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in roots by 245% and 59.4%, respectively, under low phosphorus conditions. qRT-PCR demonstrated rapid (within 1 h) and root-preferential induction of <em>GmIAA9</em>, peaking at 7 h. Transcriptomic profiling implicated differentially expressed genes in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, cell cycle, and nuclear-cytoplasmic transport pathways. Collectively, these findings from the heterologous tobacco system suggest that <em>GmIAA9</em> enhances low-phosphorus tolerance through coordinated regulation of root development, phosphorus mobilization, antioxidant defense, and hormone signaling, providing a candidate gene for phosphorus-efficient breeding in soybean.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101537"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148952644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant StressPub Date : 2026-09-01Epub Date: 2026-08-19DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101526
Yingjie Zheng, Yajing Zheng, Wanyi Liu, Peiting Hu, Li Zhang, Junwei Yang, Guanpeng Huang, Zhenqi Li, Aliye Abulajiang, Tao Li, Xu Wang, Samuel Tareke Woldegiorgis, Wei Liu, Lina Zhang, Yufang Ai, Ti Wu, Shoukai Lin, Huaqin He
{"title":"Landscape and population genomic analysis reveal climate adaptation strategies in Chinese wild grapes (Vitis spp.)","authors":"Yingjie Zheng, Yajing Zheng, Wanyi Liu, Peiting Hu, Li Zhang, Junwei Yang, Guanpeng Huang, Zhenqi Li, Aliye Abulajiang, Tao Li, Xu Wang, Samuel Tareke Woldegiorgis, Wei Liu, Lina Zhang, Yufang Ai, Ti Wu, Shoukai Lin, Huaqin He","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2026.101526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2026.101526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global climate change threatens grape production, while wild germplasm provides valuable genetic resources for climate resilience. To systematically understand the genetic diversity and climate adaptation of Chinese wild grapes, we integrated population and landscape genomics analyses of 61 accessions. The Northeastern group formed a distinct genetic cluster, whereas most other groups exhibited high genetic diversity, moderate genetic differentiation, and substantial admixture. The temperature‐related variables, particularly annual mean temperature and maximum temperatures in June and July, were associated with patterns of adaptive genetic variation in Chinese wild grape populations. Genotype‐environment association (GEA) analysis identified 346 SNPs significantly associated with temperature‐related climatic factors. Among the corresponding candidate genes, transcriptomic, RT‐qPCR, and biochemical evidence further supported <em>VdCAT1</em> (<em>Vitvi18g00095</em>) as a heat‐responsive candidate, while promoter analysis identified a SNP difference between <em>Vitis davidii</em> and <em>Vitis vinifera</em> that may affect a CTCC <em>cis</em>‐regulatory element and thereby influence <em>VdCAT1</em> expression under heat stress. Meanwhile, we found that the population vulnerability of Chinese wild grapes would markedly increase due to climate warming, particularly in Northeastern China and the Yunnan‐Guizhou region. These findings advanced the understanding of climate-associated variation to local adaptation in Chinese wild grapes, provided a basis for conserving wild grape germplasm and breeding climate‐adaptive cultivars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101526"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148952643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant StressPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-07-02DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101466
Sáez C, Hernández-Azurdia G, Sifres A, Aragonés V, Marquez-Molins J, Pérez-de-Castro A, Narinder P.S. Dhillon, Daròs JA, López C, Picó MB, Gómez G
{"title":"Stress-responsive miR395 modulates DNA-primase-derived ToLCNDV resistance in melon plants","authors":"Sáez C, Hernández-Azurdia G, Sifres A, Aragonés V, Marquez-Molins J, Pérez-de-Castro A, Narinder P.S. Dhillon, Daròs JA, López C, Picó MB, Gómez G","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2026.101466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2026.101466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change has favored the emergence of the tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) as a threat to melon production in the Mediterranean region. Deciphering the mechanisms regulating melon-ToLCNDV interactions is crucial in developing resistant varieties in the current climatic scenario. In this regard, DNA-primase has recently been proposed as a recessive resistance gene for ToLCNDV. Here, we explored the molecular basis of ToLCNDV resistance in melon, focusing on the DNA-primase gene and the stress-responsive miR395. Using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and transient expression assays, we show that DNA-primase silencing reduces ToLCNDV accumulation in susceptible plants, whereas overexpression increases the viral load in a resistant cultivar. Computational predictions, validated by transient expression analysis identified miR395 as a regulator of DNA-primase expression. Next, we found that environmental stress conditions, such as salinity and drought, increase miR395 accumulation, downregulating DNA-primase and enhancing ToLCNDV resistance in susceptible melon cultivars. This study provides the first evidence that environmental conditions directly affect geminivirus infection dynamics via miR395-mediated DNA-primase regulation. These findings highlight the environmental influence on virus-host interactions and underscore the potential of targeting DNA-primase for breeding ToLCNDV-resistant melon varieties, offering insights for sustainable disease management in crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101466"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148570553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant StressPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-07-21DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101484
Maria Vera Jesus Da Costa, Erik Alexandersson, Jean WH Yong, Radha Sivarajan Sajeevan
{"title":"Drought and heat stress synergistically impair physiology, yield and reveal cultivar-specific metabolic responses in oat during anthesis","authors":"Maria Vera Jesus Da Costa, Erik Alexandersson, Jean WH Yong, Radha Sivarajan Sajeevan","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2026.101484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2026.101484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oat (<em>Avena sativa</em> L.) is a nutritionally valuable crop cultivated for food and feed. Understanding its responses to combined drought and heat (D+H) stress is critical as climate change intensifies these events, threatening global crop productivity. This study investigates key physiological, biochemical, yield and metabolic responses of four widely cultivated Swedish oat cultivars (Active, Delfin, Castor, Guld) exposed to drought, heat and D+H stress during anthesis, assessed at stress and at 7-day post recovery. Results show that drought and D+H significantly reduced photosynthetic rate (<em>A</em>) and yield parameters, with D+H exerting the strongest negative effect. Heat stress alone increased transpiration rate (<em>E</em>), stomatal conductance (gₛ), and leaf temperature (T<sub>leaf</sub>). Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity increased sharply, while electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline accumulated significantly under drought and D+H across all cultivars. Metabolite profiling revealed stress- and cultivar-specific metabolic reprogramming, identifying coordinated regulation of amino acids and osmolytes, with proline-centered metabolism emerging as a conserved resilience mechanism in oat. Upon recovery, clear cultivar-specific differences were observed. A yield-based composite score ranked performance as: Delfin > Active > Castor > Guld. Delfin showed strong recovery and stable yield sunder D+H stress, linked with low T<sub>leaf</sub> and high <em>A</em>, Chl <em>a</em>, APX activity, MDA and proline levels, while Guld showed poor recovery with irreversible damage. Integrating metabolite dynamics and post-stress recovery assessments offers a promising framework for future climate-resilient oat breeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101484"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148642533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant StressPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-07-22DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101489
Alaiha Asif, Shahid Iqbal, Ahmed Abdullah, Rashad M. Balal, Fabrício Ávila Rodrigues, Jonas Pereira de Souza Junior, Davie Kadyampakeni, Yongchao Liang, Muhammad A. Shahid
{"title":"Silicon-Mediated Stress Physiology: Integrating Structural Fortification with Metabolic Reprogramming for Resilient Agriculture","authors":"Alaiha Asif, Shahid Iqbal, Ahmed Abdullah, Rashad M. Balal, Fabrício Ávila Rodrigues, Jonas Pereira de Souza Junior, Davie Kadyampakeni, Yongchao Liang, Muhammad A. Shahid","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2026.101489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2026.101489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicon (Si), the second most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, is rapidly emerging as a \"multi-talented functional nutrient\" essential for the evolution of resilient and sustainable agriculture. While not considered an essential element for all higher plants, Si acts as a powerful biostimulant, fortifying crops against a diverse range of abiotic and biotic stressors. This review elucidates the sophisticated Lsi-mediated transport systems (<em>Lsi</em>1, <em>Lsi</em>2, and <em>Lsi</em>6) that facilitate the uptake of monosilicic acid (H<sub>4</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub>) and its subsequent polymerization into a mechanical cuticle-silica double layer. Beyond mere structural reinforcement, we explored the role of silicon as a metabolic modulator that preserves photosynthetic machinery, maintains ion homeostasis (specifically the K<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> ratio), and bolsters the antioxidative defense system to mitigate oxidative bursts induced by drought, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity. Furthermore, Si functions as a biochemical primer, activating jasmonate-mediated defenses and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins to prevent fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens, as well as insect herbivory. We highlight the cutting-edge frontier of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs), which are highly reactive, enhance bioavailability, and serve as precision nanocarriers. Finally, recent multi-omics and transcriptomic insights reveal that Si acts as a molecular regulator, orchestrating stress-responsive gene networks primarily under pressure. Integrating Si into modern crop agronomy offers a strategic, eco-friendly pathway to ensure global food security amidst an increasingly volatile climate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101489"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148642593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant StressPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-06-19DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101450
Md. Hasibur Rahaman Hera, Yi Wang, Lina Liu, Yanfang Liu, Ping Yu, Sauban Musa Jibril, Owais Iqbal, Yangshan Hu, Lujia Yang, Chengyun Li
{"title":"Multi-omics perspectives on immune networks underlying durable blast resistance in rice under biotic and climate stress","authors":"Md. Hasibur Rahaman Hera, Yi Wang, Lina Liu, Yanfang Liu, Ping Yu, Sauban Musa Jibril, Owais Iqbal, Yangshan Hu, Lujia Yang, Chengyun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2026.101450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2026.101450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice blast, caused by <em>Magnaporthe oryzae</em>, remains a major constraint on global rice production, with disease impacts intensified by climate stressors such as elevated temperature and drought. Although decades of research have identified <em>R</em> genes and defense pathways, blast resistance in agricultural systems frequently lacks durability because transcript abundance often correlates poorly with protein activity and metabolic responses. Here, we synthesize genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to conceptualize the rice–<em>M. oryzae</em> interaction as a dynamic system shaped by interacting biotic and abiotic stresses. Across omics layers, resistance durability depends on coordinated control of immune signaling, redox balance, and metabolism, not on individual <em>R</em> genes. Viewing this pathosystem through a systems biology framework enables translational strategies including CRISPR-based modulation of susceptibility regulators, biomarker-driven early detection, and AI-assisted disease forecasting. This review provides a framework for shifting rice blast research from gene-centric to network-centric models of climate-resilient crop protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101450"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148570262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant StressPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-07-03DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101469
Sara Rodríguez-García, Mari-Cruz Castillo, José León
{"title":"The intrinsically disordered VQ27 protein links VQ protein interaction networks to stress granule condensation","authors":"Sara Rodríguez-García, Mari-Cruz Castillo, José León","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2026.101469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2026.101469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>VQ27 is a land plant–specific protein that localizes to the nucleus, cytoplasm, and endoplasmic reticulum in Arabidopsis. Sequence-based predictions indicate that VQ27 contains intrinsically disordered and prion-like domains, suggesting a high propensity for protein–protein interactions and for the formation of biomolecular condensates through liquid–liquid phase separation. Proteomic analyses revealed that VQ27 associates with diverse signaling and regulatory proteins, including several intrinsically disordered partners with phase-separation potential that are core components of stress granules. Consistent with these interactions, VQ27 forms cytoplasmic liquid-like condensates, as demonstrated by FRAP analysis, which co-localize with the stress granule scaffold UBP1b in response to heat and hypoxic stress. The conserved VQ motif and tyrosine residues of VQ27 are required for short-term hypoxia induction, but not for heat- or long-term hypoxia-induced stress granule formation, indicating stress-specific requirements for condensate assembly. Whereas native VQ27-containing granules disassemble upon return to non-stress conditions, granules formed by VQ27 variants with a disrupted VQ motif, or more markedly by variants in which all tyrosine are substituted with phenylalanine, show significantly attenuated recovery, suggesting a role for these residues in condensate reversibility. These findings identify VQ27 as a dynamic regulatory protein that links VQ-mediated protein interaction networks with condensate-based control of protein availability, thereby modulating Arabidopsis responses to environmental cues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101469"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148570493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant StressPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-06-24DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101455
Xinghan Wu, Chen Wang, Jianping Chen, Zongtao Sun
{"title":"A metabolic organizer directs debneyol biosynthesis and broad-spectrum immunity in solanaceae","authors":"Xinghan Wu, Chen Wang, Jianping Chen, Zongtao Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2026.101455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2026.101455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Debneyol is a phytoalexin mainly reported in Solanaceae plants and has been confirmed to possess broad-spectrum-disease resistance. However, nearly half a century after its discovery, the debneyol pathway and regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In a recent study published in <em>Cell</em>, Wang et al. for the first time fully elucidated the biosynthetic pathway of debneyol, resolving a long-standing puzzle in phytoalexin-mediated plant chemical defense and laying a foundation for the industrial production of debneyol as well as fitness-cost-free broad -spectrum disease resistance breeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101455"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148570259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}