International Journal of Hydrogen Energy最新文献

{"title":"Intelligent energy management strategy for fuel cell hybrid vehicles utilizing deep reinforcement learning and driving condition recognition","authors":"Murong Shan ,&nbsp;Shanke Liu ,&nbsp;Yibo Wang ,&nbsp;Xue'e Wang ,&nbsp;Xiantai Zeng ,&nbsp;Yinzi Liu ,&nbsp;Hao Chen ,&nbsp;Chengwei Huang ,&nbsp;Lijun Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fuel cell hybrid vehicles (FCHVs) require efficient energy management strategies to improve fuel economy and ensure reliable operation under diverse driving conditions. In this study, an adaptive energy management strategy is developed using deep reinforcement learning. A gated recurrent unit model with speed prediction is employed to recognize driving conditions with 97 % accuracy. Based on the identified conditions, a deep deterministic policy gradient framework optimizes continuous power distribution between the fuel cell and battery systems. A tailored reward function is designed to reduce hydrogen consumption and stabilize the battery state of charge. Using real-world driving data for training and validation, the proposed strategy achieves a hydrogen consumption of 1401.38 g, representing a 5–8 % reduction compared with benchmark methods, while maintaining safe state-of-charge operation. These results demonstrate that the proposed method provides improved efficiency, adaptability, and robustness, highlighting its potential as a practical solution for fuel cell hybrid vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 151769"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen barrier coatings: Application and assessment","authors":"Ehsan Akbari-Kharaji ,&nbsp;Majid Shafaie ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Sackett ,&nbsp;John Wood ,&nbsp;Milos B. Djukic ,&nbsp;Shirin Alexander","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) threatens the structural integrity of industrial components exposed to hydrogen-rich environments. This review critically explores hydrogen barrier coatings (HBCs), polymeric, metallic, ceramic, and composite, their application and assessment, focusing on measured effectiveness in limiting hydrogen permeation and hydrogen embrittlement. Also, coating application methods and permeation assessment techniques are evaluated. Recent advances in nanostructured and hybrid coatings are emphasized, highlighting the pressing need for durable, scalable, and environmentally sustainable hydrogen barrier coatings to ensure the reliability of emerging hydrogen-based energy solutions. This comprehensive critical review further distinguishes itself by linking coating deposition methods to defect-driven transport behaviour, critically assessing permeation test approaches. It also highlights the emerging role of polymeric and hybrid multilayer coatings with direct implications for advanced and reliable hydrogen production, storage, and transport infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 151666"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review of China's hydrogen supply chain and equipment","authors":"Jiaqing Li ,&nbsp;Huilong Liang ,&nbsp;Zhiye Zheng ,&nbsp;Lin Teng ,&nbsp;Zhuwu Zhang ,&nbsp;Ziqiao Gao ,&nbsp;Yu Luo ,&nbsp;Che Zhang ,&nbsp;Lilong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China's dual-carbon goals have positioned hydrogen as a central pillar of its energy transition. This review examines the recent development of China's hydrogen supply chain, with particular focus on manufacturing technologies for alkaline electrolysers, high-pressure cylinders, and diaphragm compressors. In 2024, China produced 36.5 million tons of hydrogen, of which 77 % was grey and only 1 % derived from electrolysis. Storage and transportation account for nearly 30 % of end-use costs, while reliance on imported compressors increases refuelling station expenses by approximately 40 %. We identify key bottlenecks, including limited electrolyser efficiency, the high cost of carbon fibres for Type III/IV cylinders, and insufficient domestic capacity for high-reliability compressors. To address these challenges, targeted advances are proposed: membrane materials with engineered hydrophilicity, advanced surface modifications, and hydrophilic inhibitors; liner design incorporating grooved-liner braided layers with double-fibre configurations; and a three-layer diaphragm compressor architecture. By consolidating fragmented studies, this review provides the integrated manufacturing perspective on China's hydrogen supply chain, offering both scientific insights and practical guidance for accelerating cost-effective, large-scale, low-carbon hydrogen deployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 151737"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superplastic deformation behavior and microstructure evolution mechanism of hydrogenated Ti-4.5Al–3V–2Mo–2Fe alloy","authors":"Jinyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Zheng Han ,&nbsp;Shaosong Jiang ,&nbsp;Yong Jia ,&nbsp;Peng Peng ,&nbsp;Yang Li ,&nbsp;Zhen Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the superplastic deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of Ti-4.5Al–3V–2Mo–2Fe (SP700) alloys with varying hydrogen contents. Uniaxial tensile tests reveal that 0.1 wt% H SP700 alloy reduces the optimal superplastic forming (SPF) temperature by 20 °C, while only decreasing the elongation by 17 % compared to the original material. The incorporation of hydrogen promotes dynamic recrystallization (DRX), alleviates stress concentration, and significantly inhibits excessive grain growth, reducing the grain size at the fracture from 5.1 μm to 4.2 μm. However, a higher hydrogen content (0.2 wt%) leads to localized hydrogen enrichment, resulting in <em>β</em>-phase hardening and a substantial decline in elongation. Hydrogen notably lowers the <em>β</em>-transus temperature, with the increase of hydrogen content, the optimum superplastic temperature decreases synchronously with the phase transition temperature. During superplastic deformation, hydrogen rapidly diffuses through dislocation networks, accumulates in high strain regions, and facilitates the precipitation of primary <em>α</em> phase (<em>α</em>_p) in a rod-like morphology. Compared to uniaxial tension, the multiaxial stress state in superplastic bulging promotes uniform hydrogen diffusion, delays localized hydrogen enrichment, and maintains stable superplasticity. At the reduced optimal superplastic temperature (20 °C lower), the 0.1 wt% H alloy demonstrates comparable forming limits to the original material, while the 0.2 wt% H alloy exhibits significantly inferior plasticity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 150160"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of nanomaterials in addressing challenges in proton exchange membranes: A comprehensive review","authors":"Zahra Arman ,&nbsp;Hossein Besharati ,&nbsp;Vahid Vatanpour","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are vital for electrochemical devices like fuel cells, yet benchmark materials such as Nafion face limitations in cost and performance at high temperatures or low humidity. Incorporating nanomaterials into the polymer matrix is a key strategy to overcome these issues. This review provides a mechanistic analysis of how different nanofiller classes including carbon structures, inorganic oxides, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) enhance PEM properties like water retention, fuel crossover, and durability. More importantly, we highlight how next-generation engineered fillers can elevate performance to unprecedented levels. For instance, recent advances with rationally designed hybrid nanofillers have demonstrated significant improvements in power density and stability, even under the most challenging operating conditions. By focusing on nanoscale structure-property relationships, this work outlines a roadmap for the rational design of cost-effective, high-performance PEMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 151779"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fault tree and importance measure analysis of a PEM electrolyzer for hydrogen production at a nuclear power plant","authors":"Samantha E. Wismer,&nbsp;Victoriia Grabovetska,&nbsp;Ahmad Al-Douri,&nbsp;Katrina M. Groth","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pilot projects to generate hydrogen using proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers coupled to nuclear power plants (NPPs) began in 2022, with further developments anticipated over the next decade. However, the co-location of electrolyzers with NPPs requires an understanding and mitigation of potential risks. In this work, we identify and rank failure contributors for a 1 MW PEM electrolysis system. We used fault trees to define the component failure logic, parameterized them with generic data, and calculated failure frequencies and minimal cut sets for four top events: hydrogen release, oxygen release, nitrogen release, and hydrogen and oxygen mixing. We use risk reduction worth importance measures to determine the most risk-significant components. The results provide insight into primary risk drivers in PEM electrolyzer systems and provide the foundational steps towards quantitative risk assessment of large-scale PEM electrolyzers at NPPs. The results include recommended risk-mitigation actions, include recommendations about design, maintenance, and monitoring strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 151773"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of water hammer in liquid hydrogen pipeline considering unsteady friction and cavitation","authors":"Bolin Qiu ,&nbsp;Jialing Wu ,&nbsp;Jie He ,&nbsp;Ruofei Chen ,&nbsp;Qi Nie ,&nbsp;Jianlu Zhu ,&nbsp;Yuxing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cavitation induced by water hammer in liquid hydrogen pipelines threatens operational safety. A cavitation flow model incorporating unsteady friction was established and validated via experimental data. Compared with traditional cavitation model, average prediction errors are reduced by 7.24 and 6.95 percentage points for the water hammer without cavitation and water hammer with cavitation by the proposed model. The effects of valve closure time, flow velocity, and supercooling temperature on water hammer conditions were investigated. The results show that more severe cavitation is caused by shorter valve closing time and higher flow velocity, while reducing water hammer wave speed and prolonging wave transmission cycle. At a valve closing time of 0.1 s, the second pressure wave peak exceeds the first by 14.04 %. Water hammer pressure is increased by 31.78 kPa on average per 0.5 m/s velocity increase. Cavitation resistance is significantly increased by lower supercooling temperatures despite minor effects on peak pressure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 151771"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of displacement conditions on gas flow and recovery efficiency in hydrogen aquifer storage: Insights from NMR experiments","authors":"Jiani Ren ,&nbsp;Lintao Sun ,&nbsp;Yingying Liu ,&nbsp;Sijia Wang ,&nbsp;Tao Yu ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Lanlan Jiang ,&nbsp;Yongchen Song","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) is a promising solution for large-scale and long-duration energy storage. However, pore-scale hydrogen displacement behavior in aquifers remains insufficiently characterized. This study leverages low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to investigate multiphase flow dynamics using nitrogen (as a safer analog for hydrogen) and brine in a controlled injection–production experimental setup. We monitored real-time changes in transverse relaxation time (T₂) distributions to semi-quantitatively evaluate the effects of confining pressure, flow rate, and displacement duration on fluid migration and recovery performance. The results show that macropores (T₂ &gt; 70 ms) primarily facilitated initial gas displacement, while small and medium pores (T₂ ≤ 70 ms) became increasingly involved during brine re-imbibition. Despite varying confining pressures (up to 6.5 MPa), high flow rates (0.3 mL/min), and extended displacement periods (up to 10 PV), residual gas saturation remained, indicating that the recovery efficiency could not reach 100 %. The observed recovery behavior with pressure changes underscores the complex interplay between pore structure and displacement dynamics. These results suggest potential limitations in using nitrogen as a direct proxy for hydrogen in UHS, especially in scenarios where diffusion, dissolution, and interfacial effects are significant. A deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms—such as interfacial properties and pore-scale sweep efficiency—remains necessary and requires support from quantitative measurements. While the current findings offer preliminary insights to guide the optimization of UHS operations through tailored injection parameters, they also underscore the need for more comprehensive studies involving direct hydrogen experimentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 151596"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ab-initio study of physical properties of BeXH3 (X = Pd, Ag, and Cd) perovskites hydrides for hydrogen storage applications","authors":"Hamza Benaali ,&nbsp;Youssef Didi ,&nbsp;Abdellah Tahiri ,&nbsp;Hmad Fatihi ,&nbsp;Rodouan Touti ,&nbsp;Mohamed Naji","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Novel perovskite hydride materials have emerged as promising candidates for hydrogen storage applications. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) was used to investigate the effects of substituting transition metals (X = Pd, Ag, and Cd) in BeXH₃ perovskite materials on their physicochemical properties and hydrogen storage performance. Thermodynamic stability was confirmed by negative formation energies (−0.872, −0.492, and −0.456 eV/atom for BePdH₃, BeAgH₃, and BeCdH₃, respectively), indicating the potential for experimental synthesis. Mechanical stability assessments revealed that BeAgH₃ and BeCdH₃ satisfy Born's stability criteria, whereas BePdH₃ exhibited mechanical instability. Electronic structure analyses, including the band structure and density of states, indicated metallic behavior for the studied compounds. Additionally, thermodynamic characteristics, such as entropy, Debye temperature, specific heat capacity at constant volume, and thermal expansion coefficients, were evaluated using the quasi-harmonic Debye model over a temperature range of 0–1000 K and pressure range of 0–20 GPa. The Debye temperature determines a gradual decrease with increasing temperature, while the heat capacity approaches the Dulong-Petit limit at high temperatures, consistent with stable solid behavior. The ab initio molecular dynamic results indicate that BePdH₃, BeAgH₃, and BeCdH₃ exhibit significant kinetic stability at 300 K. Furthermore, phonon dispersion calculations confirmed the dynamical stability of BeAgH₃, while BePdH₃ and BeCdH₃ exhibited imaginary frequencies. Hydrogen storage capabilities were further assessed, revealing reasonable gravimetric hydrogen capacities (2.49, 2.46, and 2.37 wt% for BePdH₃, BeAgH₃, and BeCdH₃, respectively), volumetric hydrogen storage capacities (126.06, 107.59, and 90.74 g H₂/L for BePdH₃, BeAgH₃, and BeCdH₃, respectively), and moderate hydrogen desorption temperatures (643.92, 363.03, and 336.68 K for BePdH₃, BeAgH₃, and BeCdH₃, respectively).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 151745"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical modelling and multi-response optimization using RSM of a hydrogen-enriched low duty CRDI engine with NH3-based urea selective catalytic reduction at higher fuel injection pressures: An experimental analysis","authors":"Shresht Kakran,&nbsp;Rajneesh Kaushal,&nbsp;Vijay Kumar Bajpai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder, water-cooled, four-stroke CRDI diesel engine using three fuel configurations: pure diesel, dual-fuel (diesel + hydrogen), and dual-fuel with NH₃-based urea injection into the exhaust system, a novel approach that integrates hydrogen enrichment with SCR-based emission after-treatment, along with statistical analysis and validation using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The tests were conducted at constant engine speed (1500 rpm), injection timing (23° bTDC), and compression ratio (18), across varying loads (12.5–50 Nm) and fuel injection pressures (600, 750, and 900 bar). Hydrogen's superior flame speed and thermal properties improved combustion efficiency, while urea injection provided selective non-catalytic reduction of NOx emissions. RSM was employed for multi-objective optimization and statistical validation of engine behaviour. Under dual-fuel operation with urea at full load and 900 bar FIP, the engine achieved a maximum BTE of 49.63 %, and a minimum BSFC of 0.10 kg/kWh. Although volumetric efficiency slightly declined in dual-fuel mode due to hydrogen's low density, it was partially improved with urea injection, peaking at 83.72 % at 12.5 N m and 900 bar. Emission results showed a 17.45 % reduction in NOx (from 1490 to 1230 ppm), 18.60 % reduction in HC (from 41 to 34 ppm), and 11.94 % reduction in CO₂ (from 3.05 % to 2.68 % by vol) with urea-injected dual-fuel mode. Mathematical analysis of the experiment is conducted using RSM, and optimization is carried out of the said model using desirability. The optimal operating point of 846.84 bar FIP and 23.54 Nm load achieved a BTE of 37.02 %, BSFC of 0.256 kg/kWh, and a high desirability index of 0.841. Overall, hydrogen dual-fuel operation with NH₃-based urea injection effectively enhances engine performance and reduces emissions. The findings provide a promising framework for developing cleaner and more sustainable combustion systems that address the dual challenge of performance optimization and emission control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 151658"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}