高喷油压力下nh3基尿素选择性催化还原富氢低负荷CRDI发动机的RSM统计建模及多响应优化实验分析

IF 8.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL
Shresht Kakran, Rajneesh Kaushal, Vijay Kumar Bajpai
{"title":"高喷油压力下nh3基尿素选择性催化还原富氢低负荷CRDI发动机的RSM统计建模及多响应优化实验分析","authors":"Shresht Kakran,&nbsp;Rajneesh Kaushal,&nbsp;Vijay Kumar Bajpai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151658","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder, water-cooled, four-stroke CRDI diesel engine using three fuel configurations: pure diesel, dual-fuel (diesel + hydrogen), and dual-fuel with NH<sub>3</sub>-based urea injection into the exhaust system, a novel approach that integrates hydrogen enrichment with SCR-based emission after-treatment, along with statistical analysis and validation using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The tests were conducted at constant engine speed (1500 rpm), injection timing (23° bTDC), and compression ratio (18), across varying loads (12.5–50 Nm) and fuel injection pressures (600, 750, and 900 bar). Hydrogen's superior flame speed and thermal properties improved combustion efficiency, while urea injection provided selective non-catalytic reduction of NOx emissions. RSM was employed for multi-objective optimization and statistical validation of engine behaviour. Under dual-fuel operation with urea at full load and 900 bar FIP, the engine achieved a maximum BTE of 49.63 %, and a minimum BSFC of 0.10 kg/kWh. Although volumetric efficiency slightly declined in dual-fuel mode due to hydrogen's low density, it was partially improved with urea injection, peaking at 83.72 % at 12.5 N m and 900 bar. Emission results showed a 17.45 % reduction in NOx (from 1490 to 1230 ppm), 18.60 % reduction in HC (from 41 to 34 ppm), and 11.94 % reduction in CO<sub>2</sub> (from 3.05 % to 2.68 % by vol) with urea-injected dual-fuel mode. Mathematical analysis of the experiment is conducted using RSM, and optimization is carried out of the said model using desirability. The optimal operating point of 846.84 bar FIP and 23.54 Nm load achieved a BTE of 37.02 %, BSFC of 0.256 kg/kWh, and a high desirability index of 0.841. Overall, hydrogen dual-fuel operation with NH<sub>3</sub>-based urea injection effectively enhances engine performance and reduces emissions. The findings provide a promising framework for developing cleaner and more sustainable combustion systems that address the dual challenge of performance optimization and emission control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 151658"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Statistical modelling and multi-response optimization using RSM of a hydrogen-enriched low duty CRDI engine with NH3-based urea selective catalytic reduction at higher fuel injection pressures: An experimental analysis\",\"authors\":\"Shresht Kakran,&nbsp;Rajneesh Kaushal,&nbsp;Vijay Kumar Bajpai\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151658\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>This study investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder, water-cooled, four-stroke CRDI diesel engine using three fuel configurations: pure diesel, dual-fuel (diesel + hydrogen), and dual-fuel with NH<sub>3</sub>-based urea injection into the exhaust system, a novel approach that integrates hydrogen enrichment with SCR-based emission after-treatment, along with statistical analysis and validation using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The tests were conducted at constant engine speed (1500 rpm), injection timing (23° bTDC), and compression ratio (18), across varying loads (12.5–50 Nm) and fuel injection pressures (600, 750, and 900 bar). Hydrogen's superior flame speed and thermal properties improved combustion efficiency, while urea injection provided selective non-catalytic reduction of NOx emissions. RSM was employed for multi-objective optimization and statistical validation of engine behaviour. Under dual-fuel operation with urea at full load and 900 bar FIP, the engine achieved a maximum BTE of 49.63 %, and a minimum BSFC of 0.10 kg/kWh. Although volumetric efficiency slightly declined in dual-fuel mode due to hydrogen's low density, it was partially improved with urea injection, peaking at 83.72 % at 12.5 N m and 900 bar. Emission results showed a 17.45 % reduction in NOx (from 1490 to 1230 ppm), 18.60 % reduction in HC (from 41 to 34 ppm), and 11.94 % reduction in CO<sub>2</sub> (from 3.05 % to 2.68 % by vol) with urea-injected dual-fuel mode. Mathematical analysis of the experiment is conducted using RSM, and optimization is carried out of the said model using desirability. The optimal operating point of 846.84 bar FIP and 23.54 Nm load achieved a BTE of 37.02 %, BSFC of 0.256 kg/kWh, and a high desirability index of 0.841. Overall, hydrogen dual-fuel operation with NH<sub>3</sub>-based urea injection effectively enhances engine performance and reduces emissions. The findings provide a promising framework for developing cleaner and more sustainable combustion systems that address the dual challenge of performance optimization and emission control.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":337,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy\",\"volume\":\"180 \",\"pages\":\"Article 151658\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":8.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319925046609\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319925046609","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究采用三种燃料配置:纯柴油、双燃料(柴油+氢气)和双燃料(nh3基尿素)注入排气系统,研究了单缸水冷四冲程CRDI柴油机的性能和排放特性。这是一种将氢浓缩与基于scr的排放后处理相结合的新方法,并使用响应面法(RSM)进行统计分析和验证。测试在恒定的发动机转速(1500 rpm)、喷射正时(23°bTDC)和压缩比(18)下进行,并在不同的负载(12.5-50 Nm)和燃油喷射压力(600、750和900 bar)下进行。氢气优越的火焰速度和热性能提高了燃烧效率,而尿素喷射提供了选择性的非催化性减少NOx排放。采用RSM对发动机性能进行多目标优化和统计验证。在满载尿素和900 bar FIP的双燃料运行下,发动机的最大BTE为49.63%,最小BSFC为0.10 kg/kWh。尽管在双燃料模式下,由于氢的低密度,体积效率略有下降,但在尿素喷射下,体积效率得到了部分提高,在12.5 N m和900 bar时达到了83.72%的峰值。排放结果表明,在尿素注入双燃料模式下,NOx减少了17.45%(从1490 ppm降至1230 ppm), HC减少了18.60%(从41 ppm降至34 ppm), CO2减少了11.94%(从3.05%降至2.68%)。利用RSM对实验进行了数学分析,并利用可取性对模型进行了优化。最佳工作点为846.84 bar FIP和23.54 Nm负载,BTE为37.02%,BSFC为0.256 kg/kWh,理想指数为0.841。总体而言,氢双燃料运行与基于nh3的尿素喷射有效地提高了发动机的性能并减少了排放。这些发现为开发更清洁、更可持续的燃烧系统提供了一个有希望的框架,解决了性能优化和排放控制的双重挑战。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Statistical modelling and multi-response optimization using RSM of a hydrogen-enriched low duty CRDI engine with NH3-based urea selective catalytic reduction at higher fuel injection pressures: An experimental analysis
This study investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder, water-cooled, four-stroke CRDI diesel engine using three fuel configurations: pure diesel, dual-fuel (diesel + hydrogen), and dual-fuel with NH3-based urea injection into the exhaust system, a novel approach that integrates hydrogen enrichment with SCR-based emission after-treatment, along with statistical analysis and validation using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The tests were conducted at constant engine speed (1500 rpm), injection timing (23° bTDC), and compression ratio (18), across varying loads (12.5–50 Nm) and fuel injection pressures (600, 750, and 900 bar). Hydrogen's superior flame speed and thermal properties improved combustion efficiency, while urea injection provided selective non-catalytic reduction of NOx emissions. RSM was employed for multi-objective optimization and statistical validation of engine behaviour. Under dual-fuel operation with urea at full load and 900 bar FIP, the engine achieved a maximum BTE of 49.63 %, and a minimum BSFC of 0.10 kg/kWh. Although volumetric efficiency slightly declined in dual-fuel mode due to hydrogen's low density, it was partially improved with urea injection, peaking at 83.72 % at 12.5 N m and 900 bar. Emission results showed a 17.45 % reduction in NOx (from 1490 to 1230 ppm), 18.60 % reduction in HC (from 41 to 34 ppm), and 11.94 % reduction in CO2 (from 3.05 % to 2.68 % by vol) with urea-injected dual-fuel mode. Mathematical analysis of the experiment is conducted using RSM, and optimization is carried out of the said model using desirability. The optimal operating point of 846.84 bar FIP and 23.54 Nm load achieved a BTE of 37.02 %, BSFC of 0.256 kg/kWh, and a high desirability index of 0.841. Overall, hydrogen dual-fuel operation with NH3-based urea injection effectively enhances engine performance and reduces emissions. The findings provide a promising framework for developing cleaner and more sustainable combustion systems that address the dual challenge of performance optimization and emission control.
求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 工程技术-环境科学
CiteScore
13.50
自引率
25.00%
发文量
3502
审稿时长
60 days
期刊介绍: The objective of the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is to facilitate the exchange of new ideas, technological advancements, and research findings in the field of Hydrogen Energy among scientists and engineers worldwide. This journal showcases original research, both analytical and experimental, covering various aspects of Hydrogen Energy. These include production, storage, transmission, utilization, enabling technologies, environmental impact, economic considerations, and global perspectives on hydrogen and its carriers such as NH3, CH4, alcohols, etc. The utilization aspect encompasses various methods such as thermochemical (combustion), photochemical, electrochemical (fuel cells), and nuclear conversion of hydrogen, hydrogen isotopes, and hydrogen carriers into thermal, mechanical, and electrical energies. The applications of these energies can be found in transportation (including aerospace), industrial, commercial, and residential sectors.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信