International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow最新文献

{"title":"Numerical analysis of unsteady vortex evolution and internal flow mechanisms in a three-twisted-blade pump using OpenFOAM","authors":"Mengfei Wang ,&nbsp;Yang Zhang ,&nbsp;Bingchen Liang ,&nbsp;Bo Yang ,&nbsp;Yonghui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A three-twisted-blade pump was simulated using Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (DDES) method with Arbitrary Mesh Interface (AMI) technique in OpenFOAM on a structured mesh. The study focused on the pump’s startup process, hydrodynamic behavior and the influence of velocity components on internal flow with different operating conditions. Results reveal that the internal flow rapidly evolves from an initially disordered, weakly turbulent state to a stable structure dominated by strong vortices. Vortices generated at the blade leading edge mark the onset of flow unsteadiness, while the trailing edge and volute regions serve as key areas for energy accumulation and transfer. The inlet pressure fluctuation amplitude increases linearly with flow rate and rotational speed, with slopes of 0.052 and 0.17, respectively. Within the impeller, radial fluid velocity increases and then decreases, peaking at 0.7 <em>R</em> (<em>R</em>: impeller radius). This trend remains consistent across flow rates (ranging from 0.75 <em>Q</em>_n to 1.5 <em>Q</em>_n, where <em>Q</em>_n represents the nominal flow rate) and rotational speeds. At low flow rates and large rotational speeds, vortex shedding from the pressure side of the blade’s leading edge induces unstable, three-dimensional flow separation. As flow rates rise, the flow field becomes more uniform, turbulence decreases, and backflow is mitigated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 110267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study on coal pyrolysis behavior during carbonization in a coke oven","authors":"Selvakumar Kumaresh,&nbsp;Man Young Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A one-dimensional transient mathematical model is systematically investigated to analyze the thermal evolution of coal during carbonization in an industrial-scale coke oven. The model incorporates the key physical processes governing coking, including heat conduction, moisture evaporation, condensation, and steam migration within the coal charge. Appropriate initial and boundary conditions are specified to ensure the closure of the energy and mass balance formulations. The governing equations are solved using an implicit Crank–Nicolson scheme, and the model is validated against established numerical results from existing literature. This study examines the temperature evolution of three coal types, and the results show that moisture distribution, plastic-layer thickness, and resolidification temperature strongly influence the transient thermal behavior and volatile release patterns. Temperature-dependent expressions for the specific heat are evaluated using both Einstein’s model and empirical correlations, while the effective thermal conductivity is assessed by considering interstitial gas conduction, evolving porosity, and radiative transfer across fissures in the semi-coke. The model predicts drying times, coking durations, and total heat-input requirements and quantifies the influence of the furnace-wall temperature, initial moisture content, and dry bulk density, thereby enabling the assessment of the operating conditions that promote energy-efficient carbonization. Overall, the model provides a robust framework for interpreting the coupled thermophysical processes that occur during carbonization and offers practical guidance for optimizing coke-oven operation and charge preparation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 110302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigations of jet A–hexane binary fuel droplet impact on a heated solid surface","authors":"Arghya Paul,&nbsp;Kanak Raj,&nbsp;Pratim Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present work, the numerical study of Jet A Hexane-based binary fuel droplet impact dynamics on heated solid surfaces was conducted. This study is crucial for practical applications such as fuel injection in combustors and thermal management of engine components. The volume of fluid (VOF) method was used to analyse the impact dynamics, spreading behaviour, vaporisation, and heat transfer of n-hexane and Jet-A blended fuel droplets on heated stainless-steel surfaces. Droplet impact dynamics were investigated for two Weber numbers, i.e., 25 and 50, and surface temperatures ranging from 50 °C to 227 °C to capture transitions from gentle spreading to nucleate boiling and rebound phenomena. This work examines how fuel blending influences inertia, lamella formation, vapour recoil, and film boiling regimes. The results show that higher inertia in blended fuels enhances spreading but also triggers stronger vapour recoil at elevated temperatures, leading to droplet rebound. In contrast, pure hexane transitions to a stable film boiling regime at high surface temperatures, resulting in smoother heat flux decline. New correlations were developed linking Weber number, spreading ratio, and wall heat flux, offering predictive insights for real-world combustion scenarios. These findings advance the understanding of bi-component fuel droplet impacts on heated surfaces and provide a framework for designing efficient spray systems in combustors and thermal management in propulsion and power generation applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 110223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass transfer to a stationary electrode in an insulating plane under oscillatory flow linear and nonlinear behaviors","authors":"Brahim Addou ,&nbsp;Ben-Richou Abderrahim ,&nbsp;Balouki Abdessamad ,&nbsp;Azouz Jaouad","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a detailed numerical investigation of unsteady mass transfer in a confined shear flow subjected to periodic modulation of wall shear stress. A dedicated finite-volume solver was developed to solve the unsteady convection diffusion equation, explicitly accounting for axial diffusion and time-dependent wall-shear conditions. Simulations were performed over a wide range of Peclet numbers (<span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>≤</mo><mi>Pe</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>), excitation frequencies, and modulation amplitudes (<span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>01</mn><mo>≤</mo><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>≤</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow></math></span>), enabling a systematic exploration of both linear and nonlinear response behaviors. The novelty of this work lies in the direct numerical determination of the diffusion-layer transfer function and in the introduction of a unified frequency-domain framework linking linear and nonlinear behaviors. This approach provides a consistent methodology for identifying the linear transfer function while tracking the onset and evolution of nonlinearities as the wall-shear modulation amplitude increases.</div><div>Spectral analysis of the unsteady mass flux, performed using Fourier transform techniques, reveals the emergence of harmonic components, highlighting the nonlinear filtering properties of the diffusion layer. Comparisons with the classical Lévêque asymptotic solution confirm that, at low frequencies and large amplitudes, strong convective enhancement occurs (<span><math><mrow><mi>THD</mi><mo>≫</mo><mn>100</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span>), whereas at higher reduced frequencies, the system exhibits a quasi-linear response typical of a low-pass filter, with minimal harmonic content (<span><math><mrow><mi>THD</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>10</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span>). The proposed framework constitutes a robust and generalizable tool for analyzing unsteady convective-diffusive and electrochemical transport phenomena in dynamically actuated systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 110295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermal performance analysis of microchannel heat sink with novel aircraft-shaped varied-section ribs","authors":"Hongxin Deng ,&nbsp;Guilian Wang ,&nbsp;Chunyan Zhao ,&nbsp;Dongdong Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hydrothermal performance of the microchannel heat sink with novel aircraft-shaped varied-section ribs (AVSRs) is numerically investigated in the present paper. The AVSR has two distinctive structural features: a streamlined bulge surface and a curved back end. The streamlined bulge surface can induce a remarkable impingement effect in the microchannel, and the curved back end promotes the formation of recirculation in both vertical and horizontal directions. These combine to promote significant convective heat transfer, which improves the cooling efficiency of the heat sink. The AVSR is compared with two rectangular ribs: one has the same length and height as the AVSR (LHR), and the other possesses the same volume (VOR). The microchannel with AVSRs (MC-AVSR) presents an increment of 10.56–61.20 % in Nusselt number (<em>Nu</em>) compared to the smooth microchannel (MC-SC). Meanwhile, the MC-AVSR reveals the implementation of 4.30–45.01 % and 5.39–24.58 % in <em>Nu</em> compared with the microchannel with LHRs (MC-LHR) and VORs (MC-VOR), respectively. Moreover, the apparent friction factor of MC-AVSR is reduced by 1.72–13.92 % and 2.10–3.95 % in comparison with those of MC-LHR and MC-VOR, respectively. These demonstrate that the AVSRs more effectively enhance the thermal performance and also produce less blockage to fluid flow. Moreover, the thermal enhancement factor of MC-AVSR remains larger than 1, indicating that the promoted heat transfer effectiveness consistently offsets the pressure drop penalty induced by the AVSRs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 110298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topology optimization of microchannel heat sinks with different Inlet-outlet Widths: 2D optimization and 3D numerical validation","authors":"Xiao-Mei Jin,&nbsp;Ji-Kai Shao,&nbsp;Zeng-Yao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although received considerable attention in microchannel heat sinks of thermal management systems, current topology optimizations have primarily concentrate on enhancing the thermohydraulic performance through internal channel redesign while maintaining fixed inlet and outlet configurations. In this study, the 2D topology optimization of microchannel heat sinks with different inlet and outlet widths is investigated based on the variable density method, with the aim of maximizing the total heat generation and minimizing the total power consumption. The influences of thermal objective weights and Reynolds numbers on topology optimization results are explored in detail. Meanwhile, the 3D numerical simulation is performed to validate the 2D optimized topology. It is demonstrated that the optimized Z-type flow arrangement microchannel heat sink with inlet and outlet both having half the width of the design domain can substantially enhance the thermohydraulic performance, and achieve a 46.4–62.2% reduction in pumping power with the lowest temperature of the bottom wall, compared to the conventional one.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 110277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stray grain suppression and stress control in single-crystal superalloys fabricated by L-DED: A multiphysics analysis of in-situ remelting","authors":"Gengshuo Liu ,&nbsp;Shujie Liu ,&nbsp;Haonan Cong ,&nbsp;Weiwei Liu ,&nbsp;Tao Li ,&nbsp;Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Tinghong Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser-Directed Energy Deposition (L-DED) has been demonstrated as a promising pathway for fabricating single-crystal superalloys. However, achieving single track multilayer continuous epitaxial growth remains a formidable challenge due to the complex gas-powder-melt pool multiphase interactions. Existing approaches are often hindered by stray grain formation due to the presence of un-melted powder particles and the complexity thermal histories processes. Moreover, the excessively high computational cost of high-fidelity multiphysics simulations restricts the swift optimization of the process window. To overcome these challenges, this research demonstrates the application of in-situ remelting (ISR) technology in the single-crystal superalloys. By developing a dedicated laser-powder interaction model and a thermal-fluid–solid coupling model, we systematically reveal the regulatory mechanisms of in-situ remelting on thermal gradients, flow characteristics, and stress evolution during single-crystal superalloys fabricate. To address the efficiency bottleneck, a surrogate model based on deep neural networks (ResNet) was developed for the L-DED multi-physics simulation. Key findings demonstrate that the proposed strategy: 1) Eliminates un-melted powder particles interference and optimizes thermal gradients, increasing the single-crystal epitaxial growth zone ratio to over 50 %; 2) Suppresses flow field intensity (&gt;70 % reduction) and vortex effects, thereby mitigating stray grain susceptibility induced by dendrite deflection; and 3) Reduces residual stress in deposited layers by over 25 %, effectively inhibiting high-layer cracking risks. Through this integrated analysis, we establish a robust L-DED process window incorporating flow/stress constraints and achieve the continuous epitaxial growth of a 20-layer DD432 single-crystal superalloy, validated by EBSD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 110283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146169961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An elliptic-blending-related upgrade of a near-wall Reynolds-stress model","authors":"Sebastian Wegt ,&nbsp;Robert Maduta ,&nbsp;Suad Jakirlić","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new version of the near-wall Reynolds-stress <span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>u</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>u</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><mo>¯</mo></mover><mo>−</mo><msup><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>h</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> model by Jakirlić and Maduta (2015), based on the pressure–strain model term derived in accordance with the elliptic-blending procedure introduced by Manceau and Hanjalić (2002), is proposed. Accordingly, a quadratic formulation modeled in terms of Reynolds-stress anisotropy tensor, as proposed by Speziale et al. (1991), that is active in the off-wall region, is blended with an appropriately specified wall-related counterpart satisfying the exact asymptotic behavior. This blending approach eliminates the necessity to express model coefficients as complex functional dependencies, allowing them instead to be specified as constants. A further modeling refinement of importance involves the use of an appropriately modified turbulent diffusion coefficient in both the Reynolds-stress and scale-supplying equations, thereby removing the need for additional, often ad hoc, source terms typically introduced to address the well-known anomaly of the back-bending of the mean dividing streamline at the reattachment point in separating flows. The computational robustness of the model is significantly enhanced by including a specific form of coupling between the velocity and Reynolds-stress fields in the RANS (Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes) equations of motion. In this formulation, a small, variably designed percentage of the Reynolds stress derived from Boussinesq’s correlation is retained. The model is thoroughly validated in various attached and separated, two-dimensional and three-dimensional flow configurations over a range of Reynolds numbers. The results obtained exhibit a high level of agreement with available experimental measurements and reference data from DNS (Direct Numerical Simulation) and LES (Large-Eddy Simulation).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 110285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146169967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance analysis of gas-assisted nozzle jets using stress-blending eddy simulation turbulence modeling","authors":"Mingjun Du ,&nbsp;Yuhang Feng ,&nbsp;Honggang Xie ,&nbsp;Cheng Yu ,&nbsp;Chuanjun Han","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water jet technology is widely used in oil and gas drilling, metal cutting, and underwater cleaning. In order to study the dynamic characteristics of gas-assisted nozzle jets and evaluate the effects of structural and operational parameters on jet behavior, the factors of boundary conditions, mesh size, and turbulence modeling were taken into account, and a simulation model of the three-dimensional flow field of the nozzle is established. Through computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation technology, the study used the Stress-Blending Eddy Simulation turbulence model to analyze the influence of structural and operational parameters on nozzle performance, and evaluated three indicators: jet velocity, wall impact pressure, and wall shear stress. The results show that the contraction angle primarily affects the wall impact pressure and shear stress, while appropriately increasing the throat diameter can effectively improve the performance of the nozzle. The gas flow velocity can effectively increase the jet velocity and also affect the magnitude of the wall impact pressure and shear stress. Finally, the target distance basically has a negligible effect on the jet velocity and is negatively correlated with the wall impact pressure and shear stress. The research can provide a theoretical reference for improving the nozzle structure and selecting working parameters in engineering applications to enhance cavitation performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 110310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of flow boiling heat transfer characteristics of eco-friendly dielectric liquid in horizontal tubes","authors":"Yulin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanwei Wu ,&nbsp;Leihu Shen ,&nbsp;Zixuan Wang ,&nbsp;Xia Weng ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-saturation pressure dielectric liquids are increasingly used in dielectric cooling systems, such as automotive and data center applications. The development of low-GWP refrigerants has introduced some with higher surface tension, which may significantly affect the heat transfer characteristics of the flow boiling process. This study systematically investigates the flow boiling heat transfer behavior of LC-50, a high surface tension, environmentally friendly dielectric liquid, in smooth horizontal copper tubes under varying heat flux, mass flux, saturation pressure, and tube diameter conditions, comparing its flow regimes and heat transfer performance with HFE-7100. The results show, as vapor quality increases, flow regimes transition from plug flow to slug flow to annular flow. Heat flux significantly influences nucleate boiling intensity, while mass flux accelerates flow regime transitions and enhances flow disturbance. Saturation pressure alters vapor properties, affecting heat transfer. Larger tube diameter weakens thin liquid film evaporation, delaying dryout. Increased surface tension suppresses heat transfer in nucleate boiling, while liquid film stability is key in dryout. Using the experimental database, the Kandlikar correlation was improved, achieving a mean absolute error of 7.37 % over 204 data points under 68 conditions, with 95.09 % of predictions within ± 15 % of experimental values. These results provide a foundation for the study of dielectric Liquids in flow boiling applications and offer guidance for future thermodynamic cycle designs in dielectric scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 110235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}