International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of the cooling characteristics of a Low-Resistance Double-Wall configuration with hollow Pin-Fins","authors":"Xinyu Wang ,&nbsp;Lin Ye ,&nbsp;Cunliang Liu ,&nbsp;Xiyuan Liang ,&nbsp;Chuxiang Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to its superior cooling performance, the double-wall structure has become a critical technology for extending the service life of high-temperature components in aeroengines. However, its high flow resistance poses a significant challenge to its application in turbine vanes. This study introduces an innovative double-wall structure incorporating hollow pin-fins to reduce flow resistance and enhance cooling performance. Numerical simulations are conducted to compare this novel structure with traditional double-wall and single-wall configurations. Additionally, the film hole shape of the optimal cooling structure is modified to a laid-back fan shape for further performance improvements. The simulations employ the RANS model, using the SST <em>k-ω</em> turbulence model. Key performance metrics, including the coolant flow coefficient, film cooling effectiveness, target plate Nusselt number, and overall cooling effectiveness, are evaluated for different cooling structures. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in flow resistance for the novel design, as the addition of hollow pin-fins facilitates a coolant outflow mechanism similar to that of a single-wall structure. The novel double-wall design reduces the flow coefficient by 5.4% compared to the single wall. In terms of cooling performance, the hollow pin-fins positioned on the spanwise sides of the film holes help prevent film detachment at high blowing ratios, while the pin–fin in the impingement chamber increases the internal heat transfer surface area. Overall, the cooling effectiveness of the novel design improves by up to 4.6% compared to the traditional double-wall structure. When laid-back fan-shaped holes are applied to the novel double-wall structure, further reductions in flow resistance and enhancements in cooling performance are observed. The increased channel area allows for a 6.7% increase in the flow coefficient compared to the single wall. Moreover, the double-wall structure with laid-back fan-shaped holes significantly enhances film adhesion, leading to a 70.0% improvement in film effectiveness and a 15.9% increase in overall cooling effectiveness compared to traditional double-walls.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"112 ","pages":"Article 109686"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of pulsation intensity on flow and dispersion characteristics of single-pulsed dual parallel plane jets","authors":"Y.A. Altaharwah ,&nbsp;C.M. Hsu ,&nbsp;R.H. Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of pulsation intensity on flow and dispersion characteristics of single-pulsed dual parallel plane jets was experimentally investigated in this study. A single jet from a pair of dual jets was pulsed by a loudspeaker. The flow evolution processes were examined using the laser-light sheet-assisted smoke flow visualization method. The visual spread of the jet flow was measured using the binary boundary edge detection technique. A hotwire anemometer was used to detect the instantaneous velocities, mean velocities, turbulence intensities, Lagrangian integral time, and length scales. The dispersion capabilities of the jet fluid were evaluated employing the tracer-gas concentration detection technique. Two characteristic flow modes, namely the <em>coherent vortices</em> and <em>vortex breakup</em>, could be classified based on pulsation intensity. At <em>I</em>_p &lt; 1.0, the flow was characterized by coherent vortices, which maintained coherence within one excitation cycle. At <em>I</em>_p &gt; 1.0, vortex breakup occurred, where vortices deformed, lost coherence, and transformed into puff-shaped vortical structures within one excitation cycle. The vortices emerging from the pulsed jet undergo deformation, evolving into puff-shaped vortices, and subsequently fragment into smaller turbulent eddies more quickly than the synchronized vortices from the non-pulsed jet. This leads to significant penetration and velocity fluctuations in the trajectory of the pulsed jet. Consequently, the overall spread width and concentration reduction index of the single-pulsed dual parallel plane jets exceed those of the non-pulsed dual parallel plane jets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"112 ","pages":"Article 109684"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of wall-attached momentum transfer structures to the skin friction in slip channel flows","authors":"Junwoo Jae ,&nbsp;Hyung Jin Sung ,&nbsp;Jinyul Hwang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reducing the skin-friction drag in wall turbulence is crucial for minimizing energy consumption in various industrial applications. Although numerous studies have proposed strategies for skin-friction reduction, their effectiveness generally degrades at high Reynolds numbers (Re) owing to the multiscale nature of wall turbulence. To address this challenge, it is necessary to understand coherent structures that span a wider range at high Re, particularly those that extend down to the wall. Hence, we explore wall-attached momentum transfer structures in drag-reduced flows and investigate the associated Re effects on the skin-friction reduction. We perform direct numerical simulations of drag-reduced flows at two bulk Re of 10,000 and 20,000 by employing the Navier slip boundary condition. For comparison, we conduct no-slip cases at the same bulk Re. We extract clusters of intense ejections and sweeps responsible for momentum transfer in instantaneous flow fields. We observe that wall-attached momentum transfer structures play a dominant role in the turbulent skin friction quantified through the FIK identity (<span><span>Fukagata et al., 2002</span></span>). These structures are classified into buffer-layer, self-similar, and non-self-similar ones according to their height. The self-similar structures not only exhibit geometrical self-similarity but also maintain their Reynolds shear stress distribution relative to the local Reynolds shear stress under slip conditions. Moreover, these self-similar structures show nearly identical skin-friction reduction across all heights. In contrast, the non-self-similar structures exhibit a significant difference under slip conditions, especially at a high Re. The reduced area fraction and volume of non-self-similar structures, along with decreased wall-normal transport under slip conditions, result in a greater skin-friction reduction compared to that observed at the low Re. Our findings advance the understanding of the scale-dependent behavior of wall-attached structures in drag-reduced flows, paving the way for the development of new drag-reduction methods through the strategic manipulation of these structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"112 ","pages":"Article 109675"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NACA0012 airfoil at Reynolds numbers between 50,000 and 140,000 — Part 1: Steady freestream","authors":"T. Jardin,&nbsp;V. Ferrand,&nbsp;E.R. Gowree","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transitional flow past a NACA0012 airfoil at Reynolds numbers, <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span>, between 50,000 and 140,000 is investigated using experiments and low and high-fidelity numerical simulations. Variations in Reynolds number provide the quasi-steady response of the flow and resulting lift to dynamic inflow (varying freestream velocity) conditions addressed in a following paper. It is shown that non-linearity of the quasi-steady response in lift to changes in freestream velocity is highly dependent on angle of attack and is typically promoted when the flow transitions from laminar separation without reattachment to laminar separation with reattachment as the Reynolds number increases. The correlation between flow topology and lift is highlighted using the force partitioning method, which provides a new interpretation for the existence of a shift from negative to positive lift and slope breaks in the lift versus angle of attack (and Reynolds number) curve.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"112 ","pages":"Article 109655"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetohydrodynamic instability in a partially heated vertical channel","authors":"E. Salcedo ,&nbsp;J.C. Cajas ,&nbsp;C. Treviño ,&nbsp;L. Martínez-Suástegui","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The linear stability and the nonlinear behavior of a two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) opposing mixed convection flow of an electrically conducting fluid mixture in a partially and symmetrically heated vertical channel of finite length under an applied transverse magnetic field is studied using numerically generated perturbed functions. The problem depends on the following dimensionless parameters of the fluid mixture: the flow Reynolds number (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>100</mn></mrow></math></span>), the Prandtl number (<span><math><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>r</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow></math></span>), the Richardson number (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow></math></span>), and the Hartmann (<span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow></math></span>) number, together with geometrical parameters of the vertical channel. The nonlinear behavior is studied by solving numerically the full nonlinear equations and employing a temporal asymmetric perturbation of the <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow></math></span> number. The nonlinear stability results show that for relatively large values of the <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow></math></span> number, the flow is stable and the evolution of the heat transfer response is symmetric. For decreasing values of the <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow></math></span> number, for a critical value of <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></math></span>, symmetry breaks and a stable nonsymmetric flow and heat transfer response is reached. Our findings reveal the existence of a hysteresis loop describing the nonlinear behavior for the resulting evolution of the overall Nusselt numbers at different <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow></math></span> numbers. A linear stability analysis using a symmetrical non-parallel thermal base flow has also been performed for the same parameter values. The symmetric flow system shows instability for a critical value of <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>68</mn></mrow></math></span>, where the vertical separation of the two vortical structures oscillates with a fixed dimensionless frequency of <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>011</mn></mrow></math></span>. The results show that the nonlinear behavior using the full nonlinear equations reveals hidden instability for the linear analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that for the chosen set of parameters and at sufficient high values of the <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow></math></span> number, the complex interactions related to the effects of shear, opposing buoyancy, and magnetic damping can be effectively used to stabilize the flow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 109661"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of partially averaged Navier-Stokes and prediction for the turbulent flow past a generic high-speed train with and without yaw angle","authors":"Jiabin Wang ,&nbsp;Haoyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Tianyun Dong ,&nbsp;Kan He ,&nbsp;Jie Zhang ,&nbsp;Guangjun Gao ,&nbsp;Branislav Basara ,&nbsp;Sinisa Krajnović","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper presents a numerical investigation into the aerodynamic behaviors of a representative high-speed train model. A thorough comparison of external flow is carried out, involving Partially Averaged Navier-Stokes (PANS), Large Eddy Simulation (LES), and wind tunnel experiments. The train model is scaled down to 1/20 of its actual size. The Reynolds number for both simulations and experiments is fixed at <em>R</em>e = 2.45 × 10⁵, calculated using the inlet velocity <em>U_inf</em> = 20 m/s and the height of the train model <em>H</em>=0.18 m. Three different grid resolutions are utilized in the LES and PANS simulations. A comparison is made between time-averaged and instantaneous flow patterns, velocity, and Reynolds stress profiles under conditions both with and without a yaw angle. The findings indicate that PANS effectively captures the primary flow characteristics of the train’s external flow, with medium PANS closely aligning with fine LES and experimental measurements. Moreover, PANS surpasses LES at lower grid resolutions, showcasing the potential of PANS in effectively resolving the multi-scale instantaneous flow around the train model with relatively modest computational resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 109565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Investigation on void structure velocity and estimation of velocity jump boundaries in a 3X3 rod bundle at low gas flow conditions","authors":"Shao-Wen Chen ,&nbsp;Pei-Syuan Ruan ,&nbsp;Lung-Hung Huang ,&nbsp;Wen-Chen Tsai ,&nbsp;Hsiang Lee ,&nbsp;Chia-Kuan Chen ,&nbsp;Min-Song Lin ,&nbsp;Jong-Rong Wang ,&nbsp;Jin-Der Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air-water two-phase flow tests were performed in a 3X3 rod bundle channel under low gas-flow conditions. Gas and liquid superficial velocities of &lt; <em>j</em>_g&gt; = 0.035–1.0 m/s and &lt; <em>j</em>_f&gt; = 0.6–1.7 m/s were tested, which may cover the flow regimes of bubbly to cap-bubbly or slug/churn flows, and global and local void fractions were measured via non-intrusive conductivity void meters at different axial locations. The transient void signals were analyzed with cross-correlation technique to obtain the void structure velocities at various local/global regions, and these velocities were compared with one-dimensional (1D) drift-flux model. Under relatively low gas flow conditions, the void structure velocities were clearly lower than the average gas velocity estimated by 1D drift-flux model. While increasing gas flow rate, the void structure velocities at different regions can jump up and become comparable to the average gas velocities calculated by the 1D drift-flux model (DFM). These velocity jump conditions could be roughly explained by the changes of bubble sizes/shapes and distributions, and the transition boundaries of velocity jumps can be successfully estimated by introducing energy balance between fluid turbulent kinetic energy and bubble surface free energy of various sizes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 109653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing heat and moisture transfer of porous fabrics using arrayed opposed jets: Experimental and numerical investigations","authors":"Jia-ao Dai ,&nbsp;Yong fa Diao ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving rapid fabric drying and ensuring a uniform distribution of surface temperature and moisture is essential for the post-processing stage in printing and dyeing. Although jet technology is commonly used to enhance heat transfer processes, the mechanism of heat and moisture transfer using array opposed jet for fabric drying is still unclear. This paper proposes that using opposed jet to enhance the drying process for four different fabric structural types, the influence of jet Reynolds number and excess temperature on the change of fabric moisture content was analyzed using experimental methods, then by defining the fabric as a porous medium containing two-phase components, the flow characteristics and temperature field distribution of the opposed jet were obtained using numerical methods. The results indicated that the four different structural types of fabrics exhibited similar heat-moisture transfer characteristics under the air supply mode of the opposed jet. Furthermore, the critical evaporation temperature of fabrics with hygroscopic properties was higher than that of non-hygroscopic fabrics. When the Reynolds number increased from 649.4 to 2165.3 and the excess temperature increased from 40 ℃ to 70 ℃, the drying time was shortened by a maximum of 56.2 % and 25.5 %, respectively. Under the impact of the array opposed jet, the thermal boundary layer on the fabric surface was thinned, and the local Nusselt number presented different peaks along the length direction of the impinging surface. Within the range of operating conditions considered, at a jet wind speed of 4.5 m/s and an excess temperature of 70 ℃, the maximum surface drying rate of the fabric was achieved. The relative deviations of heat flux and mass flux on the impact surface are all within 10 %. This study provides a theoretical basis for the structural design and drying mechanism exploration of fabric drying equipment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 109673"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigation into the effects of spline mid-passage gap on endwall film cooling performance and aerodynamic characteristics","authors":"Yixuan Lu ,&nbsp;Zhao Liu ,&nbsp;Jing Ye ,&nbsp;Zhenping Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coolant leakage flowing out from the mid-passage gap has been proved to offer an extra cooling to the endwall surface and was investigated by many scholars. While most studies focused on the straight mid-passage gap. In this paper, different types of spline mid-passage gap were introduced and studied experimentally and numerically, with the mass flow ratio ranged from 0.5% to 1.5%. Pressure sensitive paint technique was adopted to evaluate the film cooling performance, and numerical simulation was carried out to predict the aerodynamic performance. The results showed that compared to straight mid-passage gap, spline mid-passage gap can obviously improve the film cooling performance, and the curvature of the spline mid-passage gap will affect the peak value of the film cooling effectiveness and area of the coolant coverage. Back point case can achieve the maximum value of film cooling effectiveness, while center point case can achieve widest coolant coverage. What’s more, Back point case will also lead to larger aerodynamic loss and center point case can obtain better cooling-aerodynamic performance at a larger mass flow ratio.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 109671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of free and impinging jets using generalized k–ω (GEKO) turbulence model","authors":"Ketan Atulkumar Ganatra ,&nbsp;Himadri Chattopadhyay ,&nbsp;Akanksha Mathur","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present numerical study focuses on a novel generalized <em>k</em>–ω (GEKO) turbulence model. The model has unique feature of tunable free model parameters C_mix (mixing) and C_jet (jet) applicable for free jets along with C_sep (separation) and C_nw (near wall) used for impinging jets. The slot and circular free jets and impinging jets are employed to assess the model’s consistency in multiple flow aspects. The impinging surfaces are flat plate and cylinder and air is working fluid. Parameters such as velocity, turbulence intensity, turbulence viscosity ratio and Nusselt number are investigated for free and impinging jets. The free parameters have specific range where C_mix = 0.15–0.95, C_jet = 0–1, C_sep = 0.7–2.5 and C_nw = − 2 to 2. The numerical results from C_mix = 0.2 for circular jet, C_mix = 0.3–0.4 for slot jet; C_jet = 0.9 and C_nw = 0.5 for both jet configurations are consistent with existing literature. C_sep = 1.75 for slot jet whereas C_sep = 1–2.5 for circular jet are considered as ideal for numerical prediction. The GEKO turbulence model offers additional feature of production limiter which prevents turbulence increment in stagnation region for impinging jets. Therefore in present study over prediction of numerical heat transfer than experimental is limited to 35 % whereas previous studies have reported it as high as 300 %. Moreover, the GEKO turbulence model is compared with high cost Large Eddy Simulation (LES) which shows excellent numerical competency with LES.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 109660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}