International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow最新文献

{"title":"Experimental and numerical evaluations of geometry and structure effects on passive cooling efficiency in metal foam finned heat sinks","authors":"Abbas J. Jubear Al-jassani ,&nbsp;Ahmed A.Y. Al-Waaly ,&nbsp;Aqeel M. Uglah ,&nbsp;Goutam Saha","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the thermal performance of metal foam–based finned heat sinks under natural convection using both experimental and numerical approaches. The numerical analysis was performed in ANSYS Fluent using the Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium (LTNE) model. Experiments were carried out for four pore densities (5, 10, 15, and 20 PPI) and porosities ranging from 95% to 71%. Four types of metal foams—aluminum, copper, nickel, and titanium—were tested, with air as the working fluid and heat inputs varying from 4 to 30 W. The experimental setup included six aluminum foam fins (100 × 100 × 10 mm³) mounted on an aluminum base plate (100 × 100 × 3.5 mm³), with an 8 mm spacing between fins. Aluminum foam fins with a pore density of 10 PPI and 91% porosity were tested in both covered and uncovered configurations, with the heat sink oriented vertically and horizontally. Results showed that the optimal porosity and pore density were 0.79 and 5 PPI, respectively. Consequently, reducing the porosity from 95% to 79% results in a 16.7% decrease in the base temperature difference, while the Nusselt number (Nu) improves by 21.3%. Additionally, the 5 PPI foam exhibits a 12% higher reduction in average temperature and a slight increase in heat transfer, 1.92% relative to the 20 PPI sample. The horizontal orientation provided better thermal performance than other positions. Using copper instead of aluminum improved the base-to-ambient temperature difference by 3.3%. Conversely, aluminum performed 22% and 3% better than titanium and nickel, respectively. The best ratio of cover height to fin height was found to be 0.8. Accordingly, the convergent rate of results is approximately 98.8% between the heat sink with a cover height ratio of 0.8 and the uncovered heat sink. Additionally, a correlation equation was developed linking the Nusselt number with porosity and Rayleigh number. Overall, the findings highlight the strong potential of metal foam heat sinks, particularly in horizontal configurations, for enhancing natural convection cooling performance in compact electronic and thermal systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 110300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study of transmission-line icing based on Euler method and comparative analysis of multiple methods","authors":"Wuyue Zang ,&nbsp;Feng Xu ,&nbsp;Zhongdong Duan ,&nbsp;Jinping Ou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, an icing model of a transmission line is established by using the secondary development of the Fluent user-defined scalar (UDS) transport equation. An Eulerian two-phase flow model is established by using the UDS transport equation framework to determine the impact of water droplets and the local water-droplet collection coefficient. As per the Messinger thermodynamic equilibrium principle, a user-defined function is developed to assess the icing amount on the microelements of the wire surface and convert it into the ice thickness. To verify the accuracy of the results, the calculation reference values, results, and procedures of the Lagrangian and Euler methods developed by using the discrete phase model are compared and analyzed. The two-dimensional three-dimensional results are compared to determine the relationship between the three-dimensional effect and particle size of the water droplets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 110275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regression analysis of heat transfer in twin slot jet impingement with computational fluid dynamics and machine learning techniques","authors":"Homin Kim ,&nbsp;Tae Hee Lee ,&nbsp;Sanghoon Kim ,&nbsp;Sang Lee ,&nbsp;Jung-Wuk Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a hybrid methodology coupling computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and machine learning to analyze the heat transfer characteristics of unconfined twin slot jets impinging on a heated wall. We develop an accurate numerical model, apply machine learning to identify the key parameters, and subsequently perform a regression analysis across a wide range of operating conditions. Specifically, a high-fidelity two-dimensional CFD model is developed, and the solutions are obtained using the <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>–<span><math><mi>ɛ</mi></math></span> turbulence model. The model is validated by comparing the simulated Nusselt number distributions with experimental results on the impingement surface. A large dataset of 1575 simulations is constructed by systematically varying four operating conditions of the jet: jet velocity, nozzle spacing, wall temperature, and jet height. This study employs machine learning for objective feature selection to facilitate the development of interpretable regression models. Four machine learning algorithms, including multi-layer perceptron, random forest, gradient boosting, and support vector regression, are applied to the dataset, identifying jet velocity and jet height as the key parameters governing heat transfer. Focusing on these key parameters, we identify a critical flow transition at a threshold jet height of 12 times the nozzle width, which separates the flow behavior into near- and far-field regimes. For each regime, separate polynomial and power-law regression models are obtained to calculate the average and maximum Nusselt numbers. This methodological approach effectively bridges the gap between data-driven analysis and practical engineering design, providing accurate and effective predictive tools for thermal analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 110220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations on heat transfer in turbulated cutback surface with Chevron-shaped rib configurations for trailing-edge","authors":"Mengjiao Han ,&nbsp;Lin Ye ,&nbsp;Cunliang Liu ,&nbsp;Xuyang Ji ,&nbsp;Zhuan Liu ,&nbsp;Xiyuan Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current research proposes a unique turbulated cutback structure for trailing-edge cooling, which places chevron-shaped ribs on the cutback surface to improve heat transfer. An experimental system is established, and the reliability of the numerical method is verified via pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) and transient thermochromic liquid–crystal (TLC) experiments. The adiabatic film effectiveness (<em>η</em>), heat transfer coefficient, and flow physics of the cutback surface with various angles of chevron-shaped ribs are obtained via numerical simulations and compared with those of the traditional smooth case to further analyse and understand the film cooling characteristics of the turbulated cutback structure. Three chevron-shaped rib angles of 30°, 45°, and 60° for three blowing ratios (<em>M</em>) are investigated. The effect of chevron-shaped ribs on <em>η</em> is not notable because the rib height is relatively small. The low <em>η</em> with the “M-shape” is manifested downstream of the cutback surface. In the downstream region of the cutback surface, <em>η</em> becomes weaker with increasing angle, but the values are still above 0.9. The chevron-shaped ribs significantly enhance the heat transfer on the cutback surface, and the area-averaged heat transfer coefficient is 26.3–41.2 % greater than that in the smooth case. The 45-deg case produces a higher heat transfer intensity than the other two chevron-shaped rib cases at the studied <em>M</em>. In the region far downstream, the heat transfer intensity of the 30-deg case is higher than that of the other two cases, whereas it is lower downstream of the slot exit, in which the difference decreases as <em>M</em> increases. At <em>M</em> = 1.0, the area-averaged heat transfer intensity of the cases with large angles of 45 deg and 60 deg reaches its peak. The net heat-flux reduction (<em>NHFR</em>) values of the ribbed structure are consistently greater than those of the smooth case, with an improvement of 4.1–8.8 % at low <em>M</em> and a sharp increase to 26.5 % when <em>M</em> reaches 2.0, confirming enhanced comprehensive cooling performance. Additionally, aerodynamic analysis revealed that, compared with smooth ribs, chevron-shaped ribs increase the total pressure loss coefficient by only approximately 2.2 % and the thermal loss coefficient by approximately 6.3 %, indicating minimal adverse effects on aerodynamic performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 110201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the flow boiling characteristics of two-phase cooling loop with mechanically pumped circulation","authors":"Maojin Zeng ,&nbsp;Qian Lyu ,&nbsp;Dan Zhu ,&nbsp;Jiapeng Chang ,&nbsp;Haolei Han ,&nbsp;Yan Dou ,&nbsp;Jinjie Feng ,&nbsp;Botao Xia ,&nbsp;Xiaoling Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of the new energy industry, the increasing power demands higher requirements for thermal management. The phase change system of the mechanically pumped cooling loop (MPCL) has gained widespread attention for its ability to achieve effective flow boiling by precisely regulating the dryness in response to power variations. In this paper, using the R134a as the refrigerant, the flow boiling characteristics of cold plate are experimentally investigated under the MPCL. The flow rate and power intervals are 0.5–1.5 L/min and 180–1690 W, respectively. Meanwhile, the optimal dryness is calculated by visualizing the flow, temperature, and phase fields using the Ansys Fluent. The results show that the higher flow rate weakens latent heat transfer. The heat transfer coefficient (HTC) is increased and then decreased with flow rate. The optimal flow boiling regime is achieved at the inflection point, which is shifted to higher flow rate as power is increased. When the power is too high, the bubble generation rate exceeds the detachment rate, causing massive bubbles to cover the wall and degrade thermal performance. As the flow rate is increased, the critical heat flux (CHF) is also increased, but the maximum value of HTC is decreased. To ensure safe operation of MPCL, the dryness should be controlled within 0.6. The dryness for optimum boiling heat transfer is in the range of 0.2 to 0.3.The pressure drop is increased with both flow rate and power. This study can provide valuable guidance for the design of MPCL systems for high-power chips.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 110191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of particle curvature in the turbulent flow through a porous medium composed of staggered cylinders","authors":"J. Marroquín-Desentis ,&nbsp;J.E. López-Escobar ,&nbsp;S. Martínez-Delgadillo ,&nbsp;J.A. Yañez-Varela ,&nbsp;J.I. Hernández-Vega ,&nbsp;A. Alonzo-García","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of particle curvature ratio (<em>R*</em>) in the turbulent flow in porous media composed of staggered cylinders was assessed. The porosity (<em>ϕ</em>) was varied from 0.4 to 0.8, and the <em>R*</em> from the square cross-section to the circular cross-section at a pore Reynolds number of <em>Re_p</em> = 10⁴. The Abe-Kondoh-Nagano (AKN) and the wall-modeled large eddy simulation (WMLES) techniques were used to model the turbulence. Novel insights regarding particle aerodynamics and turbulence parameters, as well as static and dynamic pressure gradients, the evolution of shear layers, and main frequencies, are described. At the lowest <em>ϕ</em> = 0.4, the most aerodynamic curvature was observed at <em>R*</em> = 0.333, where decreases of more than 60 % were achieved for the drag coefficient, friction factor, dissipation rate, and fluctuating lift. As the porosity increased, the reductions are relaxed, but still present. It is discussed that the flat regions in the upper and lower cylinder faces at <em>R*</em> = 0.333 act as static pressure gradient separators, thereby avoiding the sudden shock at the pore throat that is present in the circular cylinder case. Considering the advancements in additive manufacturing, this information may serve as a basis for optimizing dedicated engineering porous media devices, such as metamaterials, chemical reactors, and static mixers, among others.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 110156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical modelling and heat-mass transport analysis of a bioconvective Casson hybrid nanofluid in a stenosed artery","authors":"Anthuvan Ezhilarasi P.,&nbsp;Dhivya Mohanavel","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arterial stenosis causes the arteries to narrow, a change that can significantly impact blood flow. Identifying the conditions related to arterial blockage is crucial for prompt diagnosis and treatment. Keeping this fact in mind, the purpose of this study is to analyse the heat and mass transfer properties of a Casson hybrid blood flow in a constricted artery inhabited by oxytactic microorganisms, and also by employing the Arrhenius energy. The mathematical assessment of copper and titanium oxide in the stenosis region, where blood circulates, considers temperature-dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity. The hybrid (Cu/TiO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) nanoparticles used in the bloodstream synergise to enhance heat and mass transfer, offers antithrombotic and antimicrobial benefits which promote better vascular health and prevent infection. The governing coupled partial differential equations are converted into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations via the similarity transformation technique, and the resulting ODE is then numerically solved using the MATLAB solver. The influences of various factors, including variable viscosity, variable thermal conductivity, activation energy, chemical reaction, bioconvection Schmidt number, and Peclet number, have been examined in equations for velocity, temperature, concentration, and microorganisms. The primary findings indicate that varying the viscosity parameter slows the flow rate, whereas raising the values of thermal conductivity parameter makes heat transmission more reliable. Additionally, the reduction in motile density profiles was attributed to both Lewis number and bioconvection Schmidt number. Furthermore, this study was compared to previous results, showing a high degree of correspondence. The sensitivity analysis used in this model examines the impact of different factors on the effectiveness of convective and diffusive transport processes in mass transfer. This research can improve arterial disease diagnostic techniques by simulating intricate blood flow scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 110190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An autoencoder-based bi-fidelity method utilising frozen latent spaces. Application to flow past a confined cylinder","authors":"W. Lu ,&nbsp;W.K. Lam ,&nbsp;T. Zahtila","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a simple autoencoder-based bi-fidelity method, where the latent space is constrained to be invariant between both low- and high-fidelity datasets. The method is applied to the flow past a cylinder confined in a duct, where model fidelity is governed by computational model resolution. Significant cost savings are observed without significant compromise to approximation accuracy. The influence of several hyperparameters are considered including: latent space dimension, sample number and distribution. A method of generating synthetic solutions is also explored. This is done by performing regression on the common latent space of low- and high-fidelity models, which is then passed through the high-fidelity decoder. As a large number of samples are available from the low-fidelity model, significant improvements are observed compared with the traditional method of interpolating only high-fidelity data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 110192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroosmotic transport and thermal management of hybrid nanofluids in microchannels for transportation cooling systems","authors":"Haleem Afsar ,&nbsp;Jinping Guan ,&nbsp;Ali Alshamrani","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the coupled transport and thermal behavior of peristaltic electroosmotic flow in an asymmetric microchannel motivated by the need for precise fluid manipulation in emerging microscale technologies. The model accounts for electrokinetic forces, externally applied electric and magnetic fields, Hall currents, Joule heating and slip boundary effects, while the electrostatic potential is approximated using the Debye–Hückel formulation. The governing nonlinear equations are reduced through the lubrication approximation and solved numerically using a shooting method. The results show that stronger electromagnetic interactions enhance wall heat transfer, whereas higher Hartmann numbers and Helmholtz Smoluchowski velocities suppress velocity profiles and lower pressure gradients. Furthermore, the combined action of electroosmotic forcing and peristaltic pumping offers flexible control over heat and momentum transport. These insights clarify how multiple physical effects shape microscale flow behavior and may inform practical microsystem designs, such as compact thermal management units or controlled transport modules in advanced engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 110229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation on heat sink distribution of regenerative cooling with supercritical n-decane catalytic steam reforming","authors":"Yu Feng ,&nbsp;Zhenhua Wang ,&nbsp;Jiang Qin ,&nbsp;Fuqiang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal cracking of hydrocarbon fuels serves as a thermal management method for hypersonic vehicles, yet it faces challenges of insufficient cooling capacity and pyrolytic coking at high Mach numbers (Ma &gt; 7). The steam reforming of hydrocarbon fuels is effective in improving heat sink and inhibiting coke formation. This study experimentally explores the effects of water content, mass flow rate, and pressure on heat sink distribution in different temperatures, with gaseous yield analysis revealing the mechanistic effects of steam reforming reactions in heat sink enhancement. The results indicate that the initial temperature of steam reforming reaction (360 ℃) is considerably lower than the temperature for thermal cracking reaction (490 ℃), implying an earlier release of the chemical heat sink. The higher water-content exhibits higher total heat sink in the low-temperature stage. In the high-temperature stage, the reaction path and carbon molar yield are affected by the various water contents, and the high water-content promotes the steam reforming reaction and reduces the production of coking precursor olefins. The mass flow rate primarily affects carbon molar yield by modifying reaction duration, while exerting negligible influence on the reaction pathways. High-pressure conditions accelerate the frequency of intermolecular collisions thereby facilitating the release of chemical heat sinks. This study is expected to provide both experimental data and theoretical guidance for the application of steam reforming in cooling channels of scramjet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 110165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}