A.M. Api , A. Bartlett , D. Belsito , D. Botelho , M. Bruze , A. Bryant-Friedrich , G.A. Burton Jr. , M.A. Cancellieri , H. Chon , M. Cronin , S. Crotty , M.L. Dagli , W. Dekant , C. Deodhar , K. Farrell , A.D. Fryer , L. Jones , K. Joshi , A. Lapczynski , D.L. Laskin , Y. Thakkar
{"title":"RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, cedryl methyl ether, CAS Registry Number 67874-81-1","authors":"A.M. Api , A. Bartlett , D. Belsito , D. Botelho , M. Bruze , A. Bryant-Friedrich , G.A. Burton Jr. , M.A. Cancellieri , H. Chon , M. Cronin , S. Crotty , M.L. Dagli , W. Dekant , C. Deodhar , K. Farrell , A.D. Fryer , L. Jones , K. Joshi , A. Lapczynski , D.L. Laskin , Y. Thakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115973","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115973"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146103420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A.M. Api , A. Bartlett , D. Belsito , D. Botelho , M. Bruze , A. Bryant-Friedrich , G.A. Burton Jr. , M.A. Cancellieri , H. Chon , M. Cronin , S. Crotty , M.L. Dagli , W. Dekant , C. Deodhar , K. Farrell , A.D. Fryer , L. Jones , K. Joshi , A. Lapczynski , D.L. Laskin , Y. Thakkar
{"title":"RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, methyl cinnamate, CAS Registry Number 103-26-4","authors":"A.M. Api , A. Bartlett , D. Belsito , D. Botelho , M. Bruze , A. Bryant-Friedrich , G.A. Burton Jr. , M.A. Cancellieri , H. Chon , M. Cronin , S. Crotty , M.L. Dagli , W. Dekant , C. Deodhar , K. Farrell , A.D. Fryer , L. Jones , K. Joshi , A. Lapczynski , D.L. Laskin , Y. Thakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115965","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115965"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146016960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A.M. Api , A. Bartlett , D. Belsito , D. Botelho , M. Bruze , A. Bryant-Friedrich , G.A. Burton Jr. , M.A. Cancellieri , H. Chon , M. Cronin , S. Crotty , M.L. Dagli , W. Dekant , C. Deodhar , K. Farrell , A.D. Fryer , L. Jones , K. Joshi , A. Lapczynski , D.L. Laskin , Y. Thakkar
{"title":"Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, isopropylphenylbutanal, CAS Registry Number 125109-85-5","authors":"A.M. Api , A. Bartlett , D. Belsito , D. Botelho , M. Bruze , A. Bryant-Friedrich , G.A. Burton Jr. , M.A. Cancellieri , H. Chon , M. Cronin , S. Crotty , M.L. Dagli , W. Dekant , C. Deodhar , K. Farrell , A.D. Fryer , L. Jones , K. Joshi , A. Lapczynski , D.L. Laskin , Y. Thakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Summary</h3><div>The existing information supports the use of this material as described in this safety assessment.</div><div>Isopropylphenylbutanal was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, photoirritation/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Target data show that isopropylphenylbutanal is not genotoxic and provide a calculated Margin of Exposure (MOE) > 100 for the repeated dose toxicity endpoint. Data on read-across analog 2-methyl-3-(<em>p</em>-isopropylphenyl)propionaldehyde (CAS # 103-95-7) provide a calculated MOE >100 for the reproductive toxicity endpoint and a No Expected Sensitization Induction Level (NESIL) of 5900 μg/cm<sup>2</sup> for the skin sensitization endpoint. The photoirritation/photoallergenicity endpoints were evaluated based on data and ultraviolet (UV) spectra; isopropylphenylbutanal is not photoirritating/photoallergenic. The local respiratory toxicity endpoint was evaluated using the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) for a Cramer Class I material, and the exposure to isopropylphenylbutanal is below the TTC (1.4 mg/day). The environmental endpoints were evaluated; isopropylphenylbutanal was found not to be Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (PBT) as per the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) Environmental Standards, and its risk quotients, based on its current volume of use (VoU) in Europe and North America (i.e., Predicted Environmental Concentration/Predicted No Effect Concentration [PEC/PNEC]), are <1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115963"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146016986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephanie A. Thornton, Taylor M. Mincin, Oluwadamilare A. Adebambo, Marisa L. Kreider, Kenneth M. Unice
{"title":"Probabilistic biokinetic lead modeling to quantify relative contribution of chocolate bar intake to blood lead levels","authors":"Stephanie A. Thornton, Taylor M. Mincin, Oluwadamilare A. Adebambo, Marisa L. Kreider, Kenneth M. Unice","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Toxicokinetic models inform relative contribution assessments of constituents detected through biomonitoring. In this study, the U.S. EPA All-Ages Lead Model was used to evaluate whether chocolate bar consumption in the U.S. substantially contributes to the variance in blood lead levels (BLLs). Both deterministic estimates and probabilistic (Monte Carlo) sensitivity analyses were considered with age-specific exposure factors. Central tendency exposure scenarios revealed that chocolate contributed approximately 0.3–0.8 % of total Pb intake and 0.5–0.7 % of Pb in blood. In plausible high-end exposure scenarios (approximately 50–75 % of a full-size chocolate bar daily), chocolate contributed approximately 3.1–6.5 % of BLLs. Probabilistic analyses showed that BLL exceedances of the CDC blood-lead reference value were primarily associated with high-end soil and/or dust concentrations. Sensitivity analyses confirmed that soil and dust contributed 37 % and 51 % respectively to BLL variance in young children, while chocolate contributed approximately 0.1 %. BLL changes associated with chocolate consumption are most likely less than current analytical precision limits for commonly administered BLL tests. The findings indicate that chocolate consumption at typical U.S. levels represents a small fraction of overall Pb exposure. Risk management strategies should prioritize reducing residential soil and dust Pb exposures, the likely dominant pathways for elevated BLLs in the general population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115979"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146058254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaira Shane M. Orencio , Oliver B. Villaflores , Ferry Saputra , Gilbert Audira , Chung-Der Hsiao , Ross D. Vasquez
{"title":"Dual potential of tetrandrine: Antiangiogenic efficacy and safety liabilities revealed through in silico, in vitro, and zebrafish models","authors":"Shaira Shane M. Orencio , Oliver B. Villaflores , Ferry Saputra , Gilbert Audira , Chung-Der Hsiao , Ross D. Vasquez","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tetrandrine, a <em>Stephania</em>-derived bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, shows anticancer activity; however, its mechanisms, cardiotoxicity, and developmental effects are poorly understood. This study investigated tetrandrine's antiangiogenic efficacy and safety liabilities using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methods. We hypothesized multi-target antiangiogenic activity, but dose-dependent toxicities limiting its therapeutic window.</div><div>Molecular docking predicted strong binding to angiogenesis targets: EGFR, MMP-13, and SRPK1. ADMET modeling indicated favorable pharmacokinetics yet moderate toxicity risks, with ProTox-III flagging immunotoxicity. In silico predictions indicated developmentally sensitive adverse effects, mirrored in zebrafish by greater embryonic sensitivity. In vitro assays confirmed MMP-13 inhibition (IC<sub>50</sub> = 4.376 ppm). In zebrafish embryos, tetrandrine significantly reduced intersegmental vessel formation, confirming antiangiogenic potential, but revealed higher embryonic sensitivity, indicating a narrow therapeutic window. Cardiac assays showed concentration-dependent increases in heart rate and decreases in stroke volume, revealing cardiotoxicity. Sub-toxic doses preserved locomotor and exploratory activity, suggesting functional safety at lower exposures.</div><div>These findings highlight tetrandrine's dual profile: a promising natural antiangiogenic agent with demonstrable efficacy, yet with significant cardiotoxic and developmental liabilities. This study provides crucial mechanistic insight into both its therapeutic and toxicological actions, establishing a translational foundation for its further development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115967"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146027888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jamili D.B. Santos , Andréa A.S. Mendonça , Rafaela C. Sousa , Thaiany G.S. Silva , Solange M. Bigonha , Eliziária C. Santos , Reggiani V. Gonçalves , Rômulo D. Novaes
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Food-drug interaction: Anabolic steroids aggravate hepatic lipotoxicity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced by trans fatty acids” [Food Chem. Toxicol. 116 Part B (June 2018) Pages 360–368]","authors":"Jamili D.B. Santos , Andréa A.S. Mendonça , Rafaela C. Sousa , Thaiany G.S. Silva , Solange M. Bigonha , Eliziária C. Santos , Reggiani V. Gonçalves , Rômulo D. Novaes","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115971","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115971"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A.M. Api , A. Bartlett , D. Belsito , D. Botelho , M. Bruze , A. Bryant-Friedrich , G.A. Burton Jr. , M.A. Cancellieri , H. Chon , M. Cronin , S. Crotty , M.L. Dagli , W. Dekant , C. Deodhar , K. Farrell , A.D. Fryer , L. Jones , K. Joshi , A. Lapczynski , D.L. Laskin , Y. Thakkar
{"title":"Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, isovaleric acid, CAS Registry Number 503-74-2","authors":"A.M. Api , A. Bartlett , D. Belsito , D. Botelho , M. Bruze , A. Bryant-Friedrich , G.A. Burton Jr. , M.A. Cancellieri , H. Chon , M. Cronin , S. Crotty , M.L. Dagli , W. Dekant , C. Deodhar , K. Farrell , A.D. Fryer , L. Jones , K. Joshi , A. Lapczynski , D.L. Laskin , Y. Thakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115863","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115863"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145627578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A.M. Api , A. Bartlett , D. Belsito , D. Botelho , M. Bruze , A. Bryant-Friedrich , G.A. Burton Jr. , M.A. Cancellieri , H. Chon , M. Cronin , S. Crotty , M.L. Dagli , W. Dekant , C. Deodhar , K. Farrell , A.D. Fryer , L. Jones , K. Joshi , A. Lapczynski , D.L. Laskin , Y. Thakkar
{"title":"Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, γ-nonalactone, CAS Registry Number 104-61-0","authors":"A.M. Api , A. Bartlett , D. Belsito , D. Botelho , M. Bruze , A. Bryant-Friedrich , G.A. Burton Jr. , M.A. Cancellieri , H. Chon , M. Cronin , S. Crotty , M.L. Dagli , W. Dekant , C. Deodhar , K. Farrell , A.D. Fryer , L. Jones , K. Joshi , A. Lapczynski , D.L. Laskin , Y. Thakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115865","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115865"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145627573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A.M. Api , A. Bartlett , D. Belsito , D. Botelho , M. Bruze , A. Bryant-Friedrich , G.A. Burton Jr. , M.A. Cancellieri , H. Chon , M. Cronin , S. Crotty , M.L. Dagli , W. Dekant , C. Deodhar , K. Farrell , A.D. Fryer , L. Jones , K. Joshi , A. Lapczynski , D.L. Laskin , Y. Thakkar
{"title":"Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, citral, CAS Registry Number 5392-40-5","authors":"A.M. Api , A. Bartlett , D. Belsito , D. Botelho , M. Bruze , A. Bryant-Friedrich , G.A. Burton Jr. , M.A. Cancellieri , H. Chon , M. Cronin , S. Crotty , M.L. Dagli , W. Dekant , C. Deodhar , K. Farrell , A.D. Fryer , L. Jones , K. Joshi , A. Lapczynski , D.L. Laskin , Y. Thakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115950","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115950"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145987495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A.M. Api , A. Bartlett , D. Belsito , D. Botelho , M. Bruze , A. Bryant-Friedrich , G.A. Burton Jr. , M.A. Cancellieri , H. Chon , M. Cronin , S. Crotty , M.L. Dagli , W. Dekant , C. Deodhar , K. Farrell , A.D. Fryer , L. Jones , K. Joshi , A. Lapczynski , D.L. Laskin , Y. Thakkar
{"title":"Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, anisyl alcohol, CAS Registry Number 105-13-5","authors":"A.M. Api , A. Bartlett , D. Belsito , D. Botelho , M. Bruze , A. Bryant-Friedrich , G.A. Burton Jr. , M.A. Cancellieri , H. Chon , M. Cronin , S. Crotty , M.L. Dagli , W. Dekant , C. Deodhar , K. Farrell , A.D. Fryer , L. Jones , K. Joshi , A. Lapczynski , D.L. Laskin , Y. Thakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115951","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115951"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145987454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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