Food and Chemical Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2-acetyl-5-methylfuran, CAS Registry Number 1193-79-9","authors":"A.M. Api , A. Bartlett , D. Belsito , D. Botelho , M. Bruze , A. Bryant-Friedrich , G.A. Burton Jr. , M.A. Cancellieri , H. Chon , M. Cronin , S. Crotty , M.L. Dagli , W. Dekant , C. Deodhar , K. Farrell , A.D. Fryer , L. Jones , K. Joshi , A. Lapczynski , D.L. Laskin , Y. Thakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115508","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 115508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of acrylamide levels in chips/crisps on the Italian market and exposure risk assessment","authors":"Antonio Cristaldi ,&nbsp;Eloise Pulvirenti ,&nbsp;Paola Rapisarda ,&nbsp;Claudia Favara ,&nbsp;Maria Castrogiovanni ,&nbsp;Gea Oliveri Conti ,&nbsp;Margherita Ferrante","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acrylamide is an important concern in the food industry because it can form during cooking at high temperatures of foods, mainly of vegetable origin, and rich in carbohydrates. In this study, we detected the acrylamide levels in chips/crisps from five brands available on the Italian market and performed the risk assessment related to the exposure to acrylamide through the consumption of chips/crisps.</div><div>A total of 50 samples were prepared and the acrylamide levels were determined by HPLC.</div><div>The mean acrylamide value was 1116.6 ± 585 μg/kg, and two out of five brands showed higher values. EDI values were between 0.172 and 0.901 μg/kg bw/day. The LCR values ranged from 8.61 × 10⁻⁵ to 4.51 × 10⁻⁴. The THQ values were all below 1. The MOEc values ranged from 189 to 987 (mean 478), significantly lower than the 10000 threshold, indicating a potential carcinogenic risk. MOEn values ranged from 477 to 2496 (mean 1208), with values above 100 suggesting no neurotoxic risk.</div><div>Further research is needed to suggest appropriate interventions to reduce acrylamide levels in foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 115539"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cadmium and lead induce mitochondrial dysfunction in ovarian theca Cells: Mechanisms of oxidative stress and bioenergetic collapse","authors":"Ekramy M. Elmorsy ,&nbsp;Huda A. Al Doghaither ,&nbsp;Ayat B. Al-Ghafari ,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Aldarmahi ,&nbsp;Ahmed Abdeen ,&nbsp;Samah F. Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Rayan G. Albarakati ,&nbsp;Saad Amer","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy metals (HMs), particularly lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), are hazardous environmental toxicants with toxic effects on female reproductive health. This study investigated the impact of Pb and Cd on mitochondrial energetics in theca interstitial cells (TICs). At their respective EC₅₀ values (15 μM Pb, 5 μM Cd), both metals induced severe mitochondrial impairment, characterized by diminished ATP production and oxygen consumption rates (OCR) alongside loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Additionally, Pb and Cd reduced mitochondrial mass, disrupted mitophagy protein expression, and inhibited activities of respiratory chain complexes, paralleled by downregulation of their subunit-coding genes. Both metals elevated lactate production, indicating a metabolic shift toward glycolysis. Structural alterations included increased mitochondrial swelling, enhanced membrane permeability to H⁺ and K⁺ ions, and elevated mitochondrial membrane fluidity (MMF) driven by a higher saturated-to-unsaturated fatty acid ratio. These effects were concentration- and time-dependent. Furthermore, Pb and Cd significantly suppressed progesterone and androstenedione secretion, underscoring endocrine disruption. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that Pb and Cd induce mitochondrial dysfunction in TICs through bioenergetic failure, structural damage, and oxidative stress, providing a mechanistic basis for HM-associated reproductive pathologies. Targeting mitochondrial integrity may offer therapeutic potential for mitigating HM-induced ovarian dysfunction in at-risk populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 115531"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SiO2 particles induce pulmonary fibrosis by modulating NLRP3 through the ROS/Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in rats","authors":"Shuang Li ,&nbsp;Wei-Lei Gong ,&nbsp;Lin Liu ,&nbsp;Bo Shao ,&nbsp;Shun-Li Jiang ,&nbsp;Huan Li ,&nbsp;Ye Song ,&nbsp;Gui-Zhi Han ,&nbsp;Zhao-Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent studies have shown that the activation of the ROS-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in the pathogenesis of silicosis; however, the mechanism by which SiO₂-induced ROS activates NLRP3 remains unclear. In this study, rats were intratracheally instilled with a SiO₂ suspension once and then received daily intravenous injections of NAC (at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg, respectively) to inhibit SiO₂-induced ROS. Rats that were intratracheally instilled with a SiO₂ suspension once served as silicosis models, while those that were intratracheally instilled with PBS once served as controls. After 40 days, lung samples were taken for pathological observation, and the BALF was collected to measure ROS levels. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling indicators (Keap1, Nrf2) and NLRP3 inflammasome indicators (NLRP3, GSDMD) were detected. The results showed that the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and the NLRP3 were activated in the silicosis rat lungs, accompanied by an increase in ROS levels. When ROS was inhibited, the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, the NLRP3, and the degree of pulmonary fibrosis were all suppressed in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, we conclude that SiO₂ particles induce pulmonary fibrosis in rats by modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome via the ROS/Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 115520"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of toxicity induced by acrylonitrile exposure in rats and the protective role of astaxanthin using neurotransmitters in predicting 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and protein carbonyl levels","authors":"Elham Abd-Elkareem ,&nbsp;Omar Abd Elhamid Ahmed-Farid ,&nbsp;Noha Mohamed Said","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neurotransmitters could be used as excellent predictors for oxidative stress products assessment. Acrylonitrile (ACN) is a common material used in the industry for the production of plastics, synthetic rubber, resins, fibers, adhesives, and chemical intermediates. However, it may affect the nervous system, neurotransmitter disruption, organs toxicity, protein and DNA damage through propagation of oxidative stress.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to provide equations for predicting the levels of oxidative stress products resulting from acrylonitrile exposure as a model of oxidation reaction stimulation in rats. In addition, astaxanthin (ASTX) protective potential against acrylonitrile toxicity is evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifty rats were divided equally into five groups according to experimental design. Brain neurotransmitters, LDH, antioxidants, and oxidative stress markers were assessed. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis was used to design the desired equations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Multiple regression analysis was employed to develop predictive equations for oxidative stress markers based on neurotransmitter levels and lactate dehydrogenase activity. The generated models demonstrated a significant relationship between oxidative damage indicators and key biochemical parameters. The predictive equations were as follows: <strong>8OHdG = 333.77 - 159.21 × DOP + 0.07 × LDH, PC = 6.88</strong>–<strong>6.98 × NE + 0.002 × LDH</strong>, and <strong>MDA = 76.86 - 38.67 × DOP + 0.009 × LDH</strong>. These equations provide a novel approach for estimating oxidative stress levels. Additionally, there was an improvement in neurotransmitters levels by using ASTX. Also, there was an extreme increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and a significant decrease in cells biological macromolecules damage.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The regression analysis showed that LDH, dopamine, and norepinephrine are good predictors for the concentration of oxidative products of biological macromolecules, including 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a marker of DNA oxidation, protein carbonyl (PC) as a marker of protein oxidation, and malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker of lipid peroxidation. Moreover, ASTX could efficiently ameliorate acrylonitrile toxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 115518"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach for identifying melamine adulteration in powdered milk with E-nose and AI","authors":"Pouya Darvishi ,&nbsp;Esmaeil Mirzaee-Ghaleh ,&nbsp;Zeynab Ramedani ,&nbsp;Hamed Karami ,&nbsp;Alphus Dan Wilson","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dairy products are exceptionally nutritious and a key component of our diet. They are utilized in a wide range of food industries due to their significance. However, being highly popular and valuable, they are among the most common products subject to adulteration. Melamine is a chemical compound deliberately added to various food products. It is used to artificially increase the apparent protein content in milk, milk powder, pet food, and other foods. In this study, pure milk powder along with 12 different types of adulterated samples (with melamine content of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 ppm) in both dry and wet forms was analyzed using an electronic nose equipped with 8 metal oxide sensors to detect adulteration patterns. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), discriminant analysis (DA), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) methods were employed to analyze sensor response patterns and classification. Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) yielded a precision of 99.5 %, while Multi-Discriminant Analysis (MDA) achieved a precision of 98.5 %. Therefore, it appears that electronic nose technology with metal oxide sensors, along with chemometric methods, can be a truly effective tool for the rapid detection and classification of pure milk powder from adulterated materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 115521"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2-furyl methyl ketone, CAS Registry Number 1192-62-7","authors":"A.M. Api ,&nbsp;A. Bartlett ,&nbsp;D. Belsito ,&nbsp;D. Botelho ,&nbsp;M. Bruze ,&nbsp;A. Bryant-Friedrich ,&nbsp;G.A. Burton Jr. ,&nbsp;M.A. Cancellieri ,&nbsp;H. Chon ,&nbsp;M. Cronin ,&nbsp;S. Crotty ,&nbsp;M.L. Dagli ,&nbsp;W. Dekant ,&nbsp;C. Deodhar ,&nbsp;K. Farrell ,&nbsp;A.D. Fryer ,&nbsp;L. Jones ,&nbsp;K. Joshi ,&nbsp;A. Lapczynski ,&nbsp;D.L. Laskin ,&nbsp;Y. Thakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115514","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 115514"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, isophytol, CAS Registry Number 505-32-8","authors":"A.M. Api ,&nbsp;A. Bartlett ,&nbsp;D. Belsito ,&nbsp;D. Botelho ,&nbsp;M. Bruze ,&nbsp;A. Bryant-Friedrich ,&nbsp;G.A. Burton Jr. ,&nbsp;M.A. Cancellieri ,&nbsp;H. Chon ,&nbsp;M.L. Dagli ,&nbsp;W. Dekant ,&nbsp;C. Deodhar ,&nbsp;K. Farrell ,&nbsp;A.D. Fryer ,&nbsp;L. Jones ,&nbsp;K. Joshi ,&nbsp;A. Lapczynski ,&nbsp;M. Lavelle ,&nbsp;I. Lee ,&nbsp;H. Moustakas ,&nbsp;Y. Tokura","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115517","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 115517"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of acrylamide biomarkers with reproductive lifespan: A cross-sectional study in U.S. women","authors":"Junying Li ,&nbsp;Chen Chen ,&nbsp;Xing Dong ,&nbsp;Yushan Cao ,&nbsp;Zhuo Bao ,&nbsp;Yixuan Liu ,&nbsp;Jinxiang Yan ,&nbsp;Pei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongzhen Guo ,&nbsp;Xianxu Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acrylamide (AA), a potential carcinogen mainly present in thermally processed carbohydrate-rich foods, and cigarette smoke, forms acrylamide-hemoglobin adducts (HbAA) and its metabolite glycidamide-hemoglobin adducts (HbGA). Female reproductive lifespan (from menarche to menopause) is the key to women's health management and disease prevention. The reproductive lifespan of US women has shifted, but epidemiological research on its causes is lacking. This cross-sectional study included 1275 naturally postmenopausal women from four cycles of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, with a mean age of 61 ± 12 years. We examined the associations between HbAA, HbGA, the ratio of HbGA to HbAA (HbGA/HbAA) with female reproductive lifespan using linear regressions, restricted cubic splines (RCS) models, and threshold effect analyses. Results showed that HbAA and HbGA levels below 36.6 and 44.7 pmol/gHb showed no significant association with reproductive lifespan, but above these levels, the negative associations with reproductive lifespan strengthened. After adjusting for all covariates, each 2.7 - fold increase (one ln unit) in HbAA and HbGA was associated with a reduction in reproductive lifespan of 1.4 years (P = 0.003) and 2 years (P = 0.007) respectively. Higher levels of HbAA and HbGA shorten reproductive lifespan, while HbGA/HbAA showed no significant association.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical trial</h3><div>not applicable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 115500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of non-nutritive sweeteners on sweet taste receptors and reproductive hormone signaling in guinea pigs","authors":"Junrong Li ,&nbsp;Shanli Zhu ,&nbsp;Fangxiong Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are widespread in the food industry, but their effects on reproductive endocrine function remain inadequately characterized within the current scientific literature. This study investigated NNS impacts on hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis function in guinea pigs. The results showed that the NNS groups exhibited significantly lower serum levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) compared to controls, with rebaudioside A (RA) showing the lowest GnRH. Conversely, luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were significantly elevated in NNS groups. The RA group exhibited increased testosterone (T) levels, and all experimental groups showed more SS follicular cysts. T1R2 protein expression was highest in the sucralose (TGS) group, while gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) expression decreased significantly in NNS groups, particularly with RA. Luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) protein expression increased significantly in NNS groups, with no changes in follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) or T1R3 expression. Therefore, NNS supplementation affects HPO axis function in guinea pigs, as evidenced by decreased serum GnRH and FSH levels, increased LH content, inhibited GnRHR protein expression, and promoted LHR protein expression. The observed upregulation of T1R2 protein expression in the TGS group suggests a potential link between sweet taste receptor activation and reproductive hormone regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 115522"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}