Risk assessment from potential exposure to tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) from its use in electronics

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2025.115724

T.G. Osimitz, W. Droege

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is the most extensively used brominated flame retardant worldwide, primarily employed reactively in printed circuit boards and additively in plastic housings of electronic equipment. This study systematically evaluates human exposure to TBBPA from electronic devices and characterizes associated risks. A targeted literature review of 55 peer-reviewed studies published over the past 25 years was conducted, focusing on global TBBPA occurrence in environmental media, occupational and residential settings, and biological matrices. Exposure pathways assessed include dermal contact dust ingestion, and inhalation. Quantitative exposure estimates were generated or extracted where available and compared against established toxicological reference values, including the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.7 μg/kg body weight/day and a derived oral Reference Dose (RfD) of 0.26 mg/kg/day for cancer. Hazard Quotients (HQs) calculated across all exposure scenarios, including high-exposure e-waste settings, remained well below 1 indicating a low likelihood of adverse health effects. Likewise, a basic deterministic aggregate exposure assessment shows that upper bound exposure estimates for both an office worker and a worker in an electronics dismantling facility result in the Hazard Index (HI) < 1. Despite methodological variability and inherent uncertainties in exposure attribution, this risk assessment demonstrates that current exposures to TBBPA likely originating from electronic equipment are not of toxicological concern.

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四溴双酚A （TBBPA）在电子产品中的潜在暴露风险评估

四溴双酚A （TBBPA）是世界上使用最广泛的溴化阻燃剂，主要用于印刷电路板和电子设备塑料外壳的添加剂。本研究系统地评估了人类从电子设备中暴露于TBBPA并描述了相关风险。对过去25年来发表的55项同行评议研究进行了有针对性的文献综述，重点关注全球TBBPA在环境介质、职业和居住环境以及生物基质中的发生情况。评估的接触途径包括皮肤接触、摄入灰尘和吸入。在可能的情况下生成或提取定量暴露估计值，并与确定的毒理学参考值进行比较，包括欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）每日耐受摄入量（TDI）为0.7 μg/kg体重/天，导出的癌症口服参考剂量（RfD）为0.26 mg/kg/天。在所有接触情景（包括高接触电子废物环境）中计算的危害商数（hq）仍远低于1，表明不良健康影响的可能性很低。同样，基本确定性总暴露评估表明，上班族和电子拆解设施工人的上限暴露估计值导致危害指数(HI) < 1。尽管暴露归因存在方法上的可变性和固有的不确定性，但该风险评估表明，目前可能源自电子设备的TBBPA暴露不存在毒理学问题。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Food and Chemical Toxicology 工程技术-毒理学

CiteScore

10.90

自引率

4.70%

发文量

651

审稿时长

31 days

期刊介绍： Food and Chemical Toxicology (FCT), an internationally renowned journal, that publishes original research articles and reviews on toxic effects, in animals and humans, of natural or synthetic chemicals occurring in the human environment with particular emphasis on food, drugs, and chemicals, including agricultural and industrial safety, and consumer product safety. Areas such as safety evaluation of novel foods and ingredients, biotechnologically-derived products, and nanomaterials are included in the scope of the journal. FCT also encourages submission of papers on inter-relationships between nutrition and toxicology and on in vitro techniques, particularly those fostering the 3 Rs. The principal aim of the journal is to publish high impact, scholarly work and to serve as a multidisciplinary forum for research in toxicology. Papers submitted will be judged on the basis of scientific originality and contribution to the field, quality and subject matter. Studies should address at least one of the following: -Adverse physiological/biochemical, or pathological changes induced by specific defined substances -New techniques for assessing potential toxicity, including molecular biology -Mechanisms underlying toxic phenomena -Toxicological examinations of specific chemicals or consumer products, both those showing adverse effects and those demonstrating safety, that meet current standards of scientific acceptability. Authors must clearly and briefly identify what novel toxic effect (s) or toxic mechanism (s) of the chemical are being reported and what their significance is in the abstract. Furthermore, sufficient doses should be included in order to provide information on NOAEL/LOAEL values.