Food and Chemical Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Bisphenol F promoted the differentiation of preadipocytes via ER-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway.","authors":"Yanchao Zhang, Jingyi Cao, Yiwa Liu, Yinghan Lu, Haoqi He, Mingwei Xu, Meifen Wu, Yuguo Liu, Li Li, Xiaoying Xu, Ming Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bisphenols are a group of industrial chemicals widely used in the manufacture of plastics and epoxy resins. Bisphenol F (BPF) is increasingly being used as a substitute for bisphenol A (BPA), which is a widely used environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) and hypothesized obesogen. Nevertheless, limited research has examined the potential of BPF to induce obesity, leaving a knowledge gap. To address this issue, this study investigated the effect of BPF on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte and its underlying mechanisms. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured and induced to differentiate in controlled conditions, then exposed to varying BPF doses over an 8-day period. Significant increases in intracellular lipid droplets and triglyceride (TG) content were observed in the treated cells, indicating that BPF has a stimulating effect on adipogenesis. In BPF-treated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, key adipogenic genes and proteins, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), adiponectin and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was significantly upregulated. Further treatment with estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 182780 and PI3K inhibitor LY 294002 revealed that BPF could promote differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through the ER mediated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway. In summary, BPF may enhance the maturation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by activating the ER-PI3K/AKT pathway, potentially contributing to obesity. These findings enhance the understanding of the obesogenic properties of environmental chemicals and could inform new strategies for preventing and managing obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115678"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on the article by Thongsepee et al. \"Monosodium glutamate altered renal architecture and modulated expression on NMDA-R, eNOS, and nNOS in normotensive and hypertensive rats\".","authors":"Shintaro Yoshida, Huichia Chao, Masanori Kohmura","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115683","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115683"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144783133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phthalate reduction as a mediator linking probiotic or yogurt consumption to reduced depressive Symptoms: Evidence from NHANES 2005-2018.","authors":"Ran Yao, Ximan Wang, Xiaoxia Dai, Jinbiao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression may be influenced by environmental factors, including phthalate exposure as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Gut microbiota may modulate phthalate toxicity, and probiotics have been shown to alleviate depressive symptoms; however, their interrelationship remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 7999 participants from the 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Data on probiotic/yogurt consumption, urinary phthalate metabolites, depressive symptoms (measured by PHQ-9), and covariates were collected. Weighted generalized linear models (W-GLM) were employed to elucidate variable associations. Mediation analyses assessed whether phthalates mediated the association between probiotic/yogurt consumption and depressive symptoms. Similarly, subgroup analyses were conducted to elucidate sex-specific differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data revealed that probiotic/yogurt consumption was significantly associated with lower PHQ-9 scores. Furthermore, probiotic/yogurt consumption was inversely associated with urinary MBzP and MiBP levels, with MiBP mediating 7 % of its association with depressive symptoms. Multiple-group mediation analysis showed that the mediating effect was significant in females only, indicating possible sex-specific mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Probiotic/yogurt consumption may be linked to reduced depressive symptoms via lowered phthalate exposure, particularly MiBP. Phthalates affect females more than males, suggesting sex-specific susceptibility to EDCs. Further studies are required to validate the underlying molecular mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115687"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144797815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deoxynivalenol induces global DNA hypomethylation by modulating the expression of miR-29b and DNA methylation regulators in HepG2 cells.","authors":"Siyanda Mazaleni, Anil A Chuturgoon, Terisha Ghazi","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a globally distributed mycotoxin that contaminates agricultural foods. Previous studies have reported high concentrations of DON in staple foods as well as its associated toxic effects; however, there are limited studies on DNA methylation. Therefore, we investigated the effect of DON on global DNA methylation as well as the possible mechanism of DNA methylation changes by miR-29b and DNA methylation regulators in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. HepG2 cells were exposed to 5, 10, and 26.17 μM of DON for 72 h. Global DNA methylation was determined using ELISA, whilst DNMT1, DNMT3a, DNMT3b, MBD2, TET1-3, and miR-29b expressions were measured using qPCR. The protein expression of DNMT1, DNMT3a, DNMT3b, and MBD2 was determined by Western blotting. At concentrations of 10 and 26.17 μM, DON induced global DNA hypomethylation. DON upregulated DNMT1 and downregulated DNMT3b; however, DNMT3a was only significantly downregulated by 5 μM DON. The protein expression of DNMT1 was upregulated and DNMT3b was downregulated at all DON concentrations, whereas DNMT3a was downregulated by 10 and 26.17 μM DON. DON upregulated MBD2 mRNA expression but downregulated its protein expression. TET2 and TET3 were upregulated, while TET1 was downregulated. miR-29b expression was significantly upregulated by 10 and 26.17 μM DON. Together, these results indicate that DON induced global DNA hypomethylation in HepG2 cells by altering miR-29b expression as well as DNMTs, MBD2, and TET expression levels, and provide insight into the potential of DON, as a DNA hypomethylation inducer, to cause genomic instability and cancer initiation and progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115674"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144764260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomonitoring and exposure predictors of 29 dioxin, furan, and dl-PCB congeners in newborn meconium from Spain.","authors":"Iñaki Lacomba, Antonio López, Raquel Hervàs-Ayala, Clara Coscollà","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is a matter of great concern due to the vulnerability of the foetus. Seventeen polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCCD/Fs) and 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) were measured in meconium samples from 50 Spanish newborns using gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). Median concentrations (wet weight) of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs were 0.017 pg toxic equivalents (TEQ)/g and 0.0017 pg TEQ/g, respectively. Highly significant correlations were observed between some congeners of dl-PCBs and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD), suggesting their similar sources and kinetic behaviour. Neonatal weight and gestational age were demographic parameters that influenced dl-PCB levels in meconium. Multiple regression analysis showed that consumption of ultra-processed foods contributed to the levels of several dl-PCBs in meconium. Our study concludes that meconium may be employed as a human matrix for assessing prenatal exposure to POPs and provides, for the first time, information about predictors of exposure and biomonitoring of dioxins and furans in biological meconium samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115681"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144797814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RIFM Natural Complex Substance (NCS) fragrance ingredient safety assessment, benzoin infusion, Sumatra, CAS Registry Number 9000-05-9, RIFM ID 104-K2.31.","authors":"A M Api, A Bartlett, D Belsito, D Botelho, M Bruze, A Bryant-Friedrich, G A Burton, M A Cancellieri, H Chon, M Cronin, S Crotty, M L Dagli, W Dekant, C Deodhar, K Farrell, A D Fryer, L Jones, K Joshi, A Lapczynski, D L Laskin, M Lavelle, I Lee, H Moustakas, J Muldoon, T M Penning, A H Piersma, G Ritacco, N Sadekar, I Schember, T W Schultz, F Siddiqi, I G Sipes, G Sullivan, Y Thakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2025.115774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Benzoin infusion, Sumatra was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, photoirritation/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data for the components of the NCS do not show a concern for genotoxicity. Benzoin infusion, Sumatra was evaluated for the repeated dose and reproductive toxicity endpoints on the basis of component analysis using a combination of target data, read-across data, and the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC); benzoin infusion, Sumatra is safe for use under the conditions described in this safety assessment for the repeated dose and reproductive toxicity endpoints. Data for the components of the NCS do not show a concern for skin sensitization under the current, declared levels of use. The photoirritation endpoint was evaluated based on data and ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) absorption spectra for the components of the NCS; benzoin infusion, Sumatra is not expected to be photoirritating. Benzoin infusion, Sumatra has not been fully evaluated for photoallergenicity due to a lack of suitable data and validated in vitro tests. To address this data gap, RIFM is sponsoring an in vitro photoallergy research program to evaluate the photoallergy potential of benzoin infusion, Sumatra. The local respiratory toxicity endpoint for this NCS was evaluated using the inhalation TTC for a Cramer Class III material, and the inhalation exposure to benzoin infusion, Sumatra is below the TTC (0.47 mg/day). Based on the component assessment, benzoin infusion, Sumatra does not contain Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (PBT) or very Persistent, very Bioaccumulative (vPvB) components as per the IFRA Environmental Standards. In addition, following the RIFM Environmental Framework and based on individual component assessment, benzoin infusion, Sumatra does not present a risk to the aquatic environment (i.e., its screening-level PEC/PNEC <1) at the current reported VoU.</p>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115774"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 4-heptanone, CAS Registry Number 123-19-3.","authors":"A M Api, A Bartlett, D Belsito, D Botelho, M Bruze, A Bryant-Friedrich, G A Burton, M A Cancellieri, H Chon, M Cronin, S Crotty, M L Dagli, W Dekant, C Deodhar, K Farrell, A D Fryer, L Jones, K Joshi, A Lapczynski, D L Laskin, M Lavelle, I Lee, H Moustakas, J Muldoon, T M Penning, A H Piersma, G Ritacco, N Sadekar, I Schember, T W Schultz, F Siddiqi, I G Sipes, G Sullivan, Y Thakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2025.115781","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115781"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 3-heptanone, CAS Registry Number 106-35-4.","authors":"A M Api, A Bartlett, D Belsito, D Botelho, M Bruze, A Bryant-Friedrich, G A Burton, M A Cancellieri, H Chon, M Cronin, S Crotty, M L Dagli, W Dekant, C Deodhar, K Farrell, A D Fryer, L Jones, K Joshi, A Lapczynski, D L Laskin, M Lavelle, I Lee, H Moustakas, J Muldoon, T M Penning, A H Piersma, G Ritacco, N Sadekar, I Schember, T W Schultz, F Siddiqi, I G Sipes, G Sullivan, Y Thakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2025.115779","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115779"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Exposure and Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Fish and Shellfish from Five Markets in Southern Nigeria.","authors":"Chinelo Nzekwe, Deborah V Chapman, Alex Okoro, Israel Ikoyi, Timothy Sullivan","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2025.115780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contamination of fish and shellfish with metals poses a significant public health concern, particularly in developing nations burdened with environmental pollution. This study evaluated the human health risks associated with the consumption of five fish and shellfish species; Tympanotonus fuscatus (periwinkle), Palaemon hastatus (crayfish), Ethmalosa fimbriata (Bonga fish), Clarias gariepinus (catfish), and Macrobrachium vollenhovenii (prawns) purchased from five states in Southern Nigeria: Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Ebonyi, Enugu and Rivers states. The samples were tested for four metals: cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and chromium (Cr). Concentrations of these metals were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Calculations of the estimated daily intake (EDI) of Pb, Cd, Hg and Cr for both adults and children were carried out using a mean ingestion rate of 24.7 and 1.86 grams per day, respectively. The carcinogenic risk (CR) and non-carcinogenic risks were calculated for these metals. The results showed that the concentrations of Cd, Hg, and Cr in all samples were above the WHO/FAO permissible limits. While the African catfish and periwinkle samples had concentrations of Pb which were above the permissible limits, their EDI levels were below WHO/FAO recommendations. The findings indicated that while non-carcinogenic risks were generally low for each individual metal, the combined hazard index of the four metals showed that daily consumption of these five fish and shellfish species could lead to potential health risks in adults and children. Children may be at risk for possible health issues due to the accumulative characteristic of metals in human tissues. Exposure to Cd through the daily consumption of crayfish and bonga fish poses a notable carcinogenic risk, with cancer risk values near the upper threshold for acceptability in adults over time. The relatively high Cd levels in these species raises some concern, particularly for long-term consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115780"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, myrtenol, CAS Registry Number 515-00-4.","authors":"A M Api, A Bartlett, D Belsito, D Botelho, M Bruze, A Bryant-Friedrich, G A Burton, M A Cancellieri, H Chon, M Cronin, S Crotty, M L Dagli, W Dekant, C Deodhar, K Farrell, A D Fryer, L Jones, K Joshi, A Lapczynski, D L Laskin, M Lavelle, I Lee, H Moustakas, J Muldoon, T M Penning, A H Piersma, G Ritacco, N Sadekar, I Schember, T W Schultz, F Siddiqi, I G Sipes, G Sullivan, Y Thakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2025.115775","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115775"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}