Food and Chemical Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Microparticles introduced by the processing of traditional Chinese medicine Hirudo nipponica Whitman might pose threat to patients.","authors":"Muting Yan, Xilin Fang, Riying Zhong, Houxiang Zhang, Ziying Zhu, Han Gong, Muxian Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2025.115399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hirudo nipponica Whitman (HNW) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) processed from leeches, commonly used for treating blood stasis syndrome, particularly in promoting blood circulation and alleviating blood stasis. This study aimed to examine microparticles (MPs) contamination of leeches and whether the production of MPs was related to processing. The results showed that the abundance of MPs in the whole, sectioned and powdery of HNW was 12.39, 13.93, 35.11 items/g, respectively. Fiber-like particles accounted for 90% total. Transparent particles were the most abundant, followed by blue and black. Particles < 1 mm were the most frequent. Notebly, 100% cotton was the most detected material in the HNW, while rayon, cellulose and polyester accounted for 46% of the total. The abundance of particles in powdery HNW increased significantly, with a higher percentage of < 1 mm, similar type and colour to whole and sectioned HNW. It suggests that the large MPs may have been cut into smaller MPs during processing and bring more risk of MPs. It alerts us to the fact that pharmaceuticals and even commonly touched food products may pose a greater risk of MPs due to processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115399"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143661885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, isoamyl propionate, CAS Registry Number 105-68-0.","authors":"A M Api, A Bartlett, D Belsito, D Botelho, M Bruze, A Bryant-Friedrich, G A Burton, M A Cancellieri, H Chon, M Cronin, S Crotty, M L Dagli, W Dekant, C Deodhar, K Farrell, A D Fryer, L Jones, K Joshi, A Lapczynski, D L Laskin, M Lavelle, I Lee, H Moustakas, J Muldoon, T M Penning, A H Piersma, G Ritacco, N Sadekar, I Schember, T W Schultz, F Siddiqi, I G Sipes, G Sullivan, Y Thakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2025.115396","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115396"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143661887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food safety assessment of genetically modified soybean DBN9004×DBN8002×DBN8205 in a subchronic rodent feeding study.","authors":"Qinghong Zhou, Yinghua Liu, Shujing Zhang, Shufei Li, Miao Zhao, Xiaoli Zhou, Dianming Zhou, Zhiyong Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2025.115398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soybeans provide a nutritionally complete plant-based protein, containing all nine essential amino acids and bioactive compounds. The food safety of a novel triple-stacked genetically modified (GM) soybean, DBN9004×DBN8002×DBN8205 was evaluated in a 90-day rat feeding study. The GM soybean, developed through conventional hybridization of three GM lines (DBN9004, DBN8002 and DBN8205), incorporates genes conferring resistance to glyphosate (epsps), glufosinate (pat), and lepidopteran pests (cry1Ac, cry2Ab2, and mVip3Aa). One hundred Wistar Han RCC rats were divided into five groups (n=10/sex/group) and fed diets containing 15% or 30% GM soybean, non-GM soybean (Jack), or a basal diet for 90 days. No treatment-related effects on body weight/gain, food consumption/utilization, clinical signs, mortality, ophthalmology, clinical pathology (hematology, prothrombin time, urinalysis, serum chemistry), organ weights, and gross and microscopic pathology were observed in rats fed with the GM soybean compared to the non-GM Jack and the basal-diet group. In rats, the results of this 90-day feeding study suggest that there were no significant differences in safety between GM soybean DBN9004×DBN8002×DBN8205 compared to the non-GM Jack.</p>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115398"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143661883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Reno- and hepato-protective effect of allopurinol after renal ischemia/reperfusion injury: Crosstalk between xanthine oxidase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma signaling” [Food Chem. Toxicol. 178 (2023) 113868]","authors":"Eman Soliman ,&nbsp;Shimaa Mustafa Elshazly ,&nbsp;Samar M. Shewaikh ,&nbsp;Fatma El-shaarawy","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115374","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 115374"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Bioavailability and the Toxicity of Resveratrol Nanoparticles: Insights from an In Vivo Chicken Embryonic Model.","authors":"Jinglin Zhang, Xinwen Zhang, Qin Wang, Changqing Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2025.115390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluates the bioavailability, developmental toxicity, genotoxicity, and estrogenic effects (EA) of resveratrol nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized by Tween 80 and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) using chicken embryonic models. Tween NPs exhibited smaller sizes (93.18 nm), and more homogeneous distribution compared to CMCS NPs (267.92 nm). Resveratrol-loaded CMCS NPs achieved a peak serum concentration (Cmax) of 0.462 μg/mL at 60 minutes, while Tween NPs showed lower bioavailability (Cmax = 0.16 μg/mL). CMCS NPs induced a higher mortality (45.0%) at 760 μg/kg compared to Tween NPs (25.0%) and resveratrol (0%). Without loaded with resveratrol, Tween Empty NPs and CMCS Empty NPs showed higher mortality (51.5% and 60.7%, respectively). As capping agents, Tween 80 showed minimal mortality but induced malformation of 15.8% at higher dose. CMCS increased mortality (30%) and malformation (10%) at 10 mg/kg. Empty NPs induced higher lipoperoxidation and DNA damage than resveratrol-loaded NPs. Tween Empty NPs significantly elevated DNA damage (p < 0.0001), while CMCS Empty NPs exhibited no genotoxic effects. Estrogen-responsive apolipoprotein II (ApoII) gene expression was significantly upregulated in the Tween Empty group (9.51 ± 3.27-fold), indicating potential EA of the nanocarrier. These findings highlight both the NPs and nanocarriers must be evaluated in safety of nano-formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115390"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 90-day oral toxicity study evaluation of azaphilone derived from Talaromyces amestolkiae: a natural food colorant.","authors":"Talita Cristina Mena Segato, Erika Leão Ajala Caetano, Rafaella de Barros Mott, Natasha Lien de Almeida Ibanez, Camila da Cunha Frattes, Caio de Azevedo Lima, Mônica Rodrigues Alves, Valéria Carvalho Santos-Ebinuma, Denise Grotto","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2025.115394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorants are widely used in the food industry, especially artificial ones, due to their practicality and low cost. However, some artificial colorants can be harmful to human health. In order to substitute the artificial sources, some microorganisms such as fungi has been highlighted for its production and variety of colorants. The fungus Talaromyces amestolkiae is capable of producing, through its metabolism, colorants classified as azaphilone compounds. The objective of this work was study the sub-chronic (90-day oral) safety evaluation of the novel azaphilone colorant produced by T. amestolkiae in male and female Wistar rats. After a preliminary acute toxicity test, the animals were treated with doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight via gavage for 90 days. Hematological and biochemical parameters as well as histological examinations were carried out. Oxidative stress was also assessed. Liver damage was observed through an increase in ALT and ALP and confirmed with histological analysis and renal alterations were identified by increased sodium levels and confirmed through histological examination in highest doses, both possibly caused by compounds from the culture medium. Lipid dysregulation, including an increase in triglycerides, was observed at the highest concentrations. Alterations in the Purkinje cells were observed, probably as a consequence of oxidative stress caused by the colorant, but the brain tissue was unaltered. The findings of this study show that the extract containing azaphilone colorants at concentrations higher than 500 mg/mL poses challenges for safe application in food products. However, since the amount of colorant used as a food additive is typically low and tailored to the target color, these results indicate that the extract obtained after cultivation should undergo extraction and purification steps. The dose of 250 mg/kg/bw proved to be safe for both male and female rats, with no or few adverse effects observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115394"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sinomenine synergistically enhances 5-Fu anticancer effects in oral cancer through modulating the miR-140-5p-PDK1-anaerobic glycolysis pathway","authors":"Dongmei Wang ,&nbsp;Rui Wang ,&nbsp;Hui Sun ,&nbsp;Zhi Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a type of human malignancy with a high mortality rate worldwide. Sinomenine (SIN), an active component of sinomenium acutum, has shown potential antitumor activities in various types of cancers. This study discovered that the combination of 5-Fu and SIN treatments had synergistic inhibitory effects on OSCC cells (CI &lt; 1). Moreover, miRNA-140-5p was significantly downregulated in OSCC tumors and cell lines. Treatment with sinomenine upregulated miR-140-5p and suppressed anaerobic glycolysis of OSCC cells. We established a 5-Fu resistant OSCC cell line (CAL33 5-Fu R), which showed elevated anaerobic glycolysis and downregulated miR-140-5p. Through western blot, luciferase assay, and rescue experiments, we identified the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), a key enzyme in anaerobic glycolysis, as a direct target of miR-140-5p, overexpression of which led to anaerobic glycolysis suppression and 5-Fu sensitization in OSCC cells. Furthermore, blocking the SIN-induced miR-140-5p successfully overcame the SIN-inhibited anaerobic glycolysis and 5-Fu resistance in OSCC cells. Meaningfully, results from <em>in vivo</em> mice xenograft experiments validated that sinomenine enhanced anti-cancer effects of 5-Fu treatment. Our findings reveal that the combination of sinomenine and 5-Fu synergistically enhances the cytotoxicity of OSCC cells by regulating the miR-140-5p-PDK1 axis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 115385"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sildenafil abrogates radiation-induced hepatotoxicity in animal model: The impact of NF-κB-p65, P53, Nrf2, and SIRT 1 pathway","authors":"Waleed A.I. Khallaf ,&nbsp;Abd Elmoneim A.H. Taha ,&nbsp;Ahmed S. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Mohamed I.A. Hassan ,&nbsp;Amira M. Abo-youssef ,&nbsp;Ramadan A.M. Hemeida","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ionizing radiation has both beneficial and harmful effects on human health, prompting researchers to find ways to protect organs from its adverse impacts. Sildenafil (SIL) has gained attention in protective medicine due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate SIL's protective mechanisms against radiation-induced liver damage.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Forty adult male Wistar rats were divided into: control group, SIL group (2.5 mg/kg,p.o), irradiation group (rats were exposed to single shot at a dose of 10 Gy to induce liver damage), and SIL + irradiation group. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were evaluated. Liver samples were used to evaluate oxidative stress indicators, reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide(NO), Hepatic antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2), and apoptoticp53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis(P53) gene expression were determined by Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis for hepatic nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and silent information regulator-1(SIRT1) were performed along with histopathological examination.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SIL effectively diminished inflammation by reducing p–NF–κB-p65 and increasing Nrf2 and SIRT 1 expression. Additionally, SIL restrained apoptosis by reducing P53 protein expressions. Moreover, SIL significantly improved radiation-induced histopathological changes.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>SIL preventing hepatotoxicity associated with radiation exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 115373"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of toxic metals and trace elements in breast milk of mothers and their health risks to infants: A cross-sectional study in Ardabil, Northwest Iran","authors":"Abdollah Dargahi ,&nbsp;Hamed Zandian ,&nbsp;Fateme Samiee ,&nbsp;Shahla Farzipour ,&nbsp;Negin Sheikhmemari ,&nbsp;Salva Kazemipour-Khabbazi","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research aimed to assess the potential health risks for infants and measure the concentrations of heavy metal substances in the breast milk of mothers residing in Ardabil, Iran. The study was descriptive and cross-sectional in nature. Ten health centers in Ardabil City were selected for the research. The ages of participating mothers ranged from 19 to 39 years, and breast milk samples were collected from those who were 1–12 months postpartum. A 25-item questionnaire was used to evaluate the participants' exposure to heavy metals in their environment and diet. Data analysis was performed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney <em>U</em> test, resulting in a p-value greater than 0.05. The average body mass index (BMI) of breastfeeding mothers was 26.26 ± 3.73. Spike recovery values ranged from 92 % to 106 %, indicating reliable performance within the ICP-MS range. The limit of detection (LOD) during routine sample analysis was 0.001 μg/L. The daily intake (DI) of lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and chromium (Cr) for infants was calculated. According to the findings, copper (Cu) had the highest average concentration in breast milk at 803.94 μg/L, while cadmium (Cd) had the lowest at 1.87 μg/L. Additionally, potassium (K) exhibited the highest average concentration at 490.49 mg/L, whereas molybdenum (Mo) had the lowest at 0.8 μg/L. The average daily intake of Pb, As, and Cr through breastfeeding was measured at 3.39, 0.799, and 3.47 μg/kg-bw/day, respectively. The results confirmed the presence of mercury (Hg), As, and Pb in every milk sample collected from lactating mothers in Ardabil, indicating potential exposure of infants to elevated levels of toxic heavy metals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 115389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction of environmental fluoride exposure and gut microbes: potential implication in the development of fluorosis in human subjects.","authors":"Neha Rawat, Saravanadevi Sivanesan, Gajanan Sitaramji Kanade, Amit Bafana","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2025.115388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluoride exposure primarily occurs through contaminated water and leads to fluorosis, which is a global health concern. After ingestion, fluoride is absorbed via gastrointestinal tract, where it interacts with the gut microbiota. While animal studies have explored fluoride's effects on gut microbiota, no human studies have yet been conducted. Most research emphasizes metagenomic diversity, neglecting isolation and characterization of pure cultures for further applications. Additionally, the association between gut microbiota with fluorosis outcomes in fluoride-exposed populations is unexplored. This study characterizes and compares the cultivable gut microbiota in the fluoride-exposed population with (symptomatic, group II) or without (asymptomatic, group I) signs of skeletal fluorosis along with unexposed control (group III). Group I displayed higher abundance of Firmicutes (58.58%), group II had predominance of Proteobacteria (61.25%) while group III showed similar abundance of Proteobacteria (50.38%) and Firmicutes (49.51%). On analyzing short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles, group I isolates produced higher isobutyric acid (1.31 ± 0.9 mM) than group II (0.71 ± 0.35 mM), while group II produced more isovaleric acid (0.8 ± 0.41 mM) than group I (0.61 ± 0.08 mM) (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that gut microbiota and SCFAs alteration may influence bone metabolism, affecting the fluorosis progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115388"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}