Food and Chemical Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, hexyl phenylacetate, CAS Registry Number 5421-17-0","authors":"A.M. Api , A. Bartlett , D. Belsito , D. Botelho , M. Bruze , A. Bryant-Friedrich , G.A. Burton Jr. , M.A. Cancellieri , H. Chon , M. Cronin , S. Crotty , M.L. Dagli , W. Dekant , C. Deodhar , K. Farrell , A.D. Fryer , L. Jones , K. Joshi , A. Lapczynski , D.L. Laskin , Y. Thakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115769","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115769"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 3-phenylpropionic acid, CAS Registry Number 501-52-0.","authors":"A M Api, A Bartlett, D Belsito, D Botelho, M Bruze, A Bryant-Friedrich, G A Burton, M A Cancellieri, H Chon, M Cronin, S Crotty, M L Dagli, W Dekant, C Deodhar, K Farrell, A D Fryer, L Jones, K Joshi, A Lapczynski, D L Laskin, M Lavelle, I Lee, H Moustakas, J Muldoon, T M Penning, A H Piersma, G Ritacco, N Sadekar, I Schember, T W Schultz, F Siddiqi, I G Sipes, G Sullivan, Y Thakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2025.115776","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115776"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formaldehyde induces and promotes Alzheimer's disease pathologies in a 3D human neural cell culture model","authors":"Peipei Wu ,&nbsp;Danqi Chen ,&nbsp;Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Kun Lu ,&nbsp;Einar M. Sigurdsson ,&nbsp;Chunyuan Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Formaldehyde, a reactive aldehyde widely present in the environment and associated with occupational exposure, has been linked to cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in multiple epidemiological and animal studies. However, its contribution to AD-like pathology in human neural models remains poorly understood. We utilized a 3D culture system of human neural progenitor cells (ReNcell VM) differentiated into neurons and glial cells to model chronic formaldehyde exposure. Additionally, we established a 3D human AD model by transducing ReN cells with <em>APP</em> and <em>PSEN1</em> mutations to assess the effects of formaldehyde in an AD genetic background. Long-term formaldehyde exposure (up to 12 weeks) induced a dose-dependent increase in Aβ40, Aβ42, APP, and phosphorylated tau levels in both wild-type and AD-mutant 3D cultures. These changes mimic hallmark features of AD neuropathology, suggesting that formaldehyde acts as a pathological driver in both sporadic and familial contexts. Our study provides direct evidence that chronic formaldehyde exposure may initiate and accelerate amyloid and tau pathologies in 3D human neural cell models. These findings support growing concerns about formaldehyde as a modifiable risk factor in neurodegeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115777"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lysosomal dependent transcytosis of polystyrene nanoplastics within macrophages","authors":"Zijia Liu ,&nbsp;Yunjiang Yu ,&nbsp;Yuchen Zheng ,&nbsp;Chao Sheng ,&nbsp;Ao Li ,&nbsp;Wenzhuo Li ,&nbsp;Zijie Zhao ,&nbsp;Yunlu Ning ,&nbsp;Renhang Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenzhe Hou ,&nbsp;Zhixiang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As emerging pollutants, nanoplastics (NPs) have emerged as significant environmental pollutants with potential health risks and have been largely investigated owing to their distinctive physicochemical properties and ubiquitous environmental distribution. However, research on the intracellular complete migration of NPs is limited, particularly with respect to exocytosis. Here, we exposed human macrophages to polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) and observed that PS-NPs induced the accumulation of lysosomes within the cells and lead to an increase in their contents. Additionally, PS-NPs co-localized with lysosomes and triggered lysosomal activation. Using a previously established method for PS-NPs adsorption to intracellular proteins and employing proteomic and bioinformatic approaches, we confirmed that after entering the cell, PS-NPs predominantly adsorbed proteins related to the lysosomal pathway, and stably adsorbed the key lysosomal protein cathepsin D (CTSD). Further studies identified that PS-NPs induced lysosomal exocytosis, during which the lysosomal-specific mature-CTSD adsorbed onto PS-NPs and was co-released from the cell. This process was mediated by Ca²⁺. In summary, this study elucidated the lysosome-dependent transcytosis of PS-NPs and established a novel method for verifying lysosomal exocytosis using mature-CTSD as a marker.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115771"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reverse-Engineered Exclusive Enteral Nutrition As Induction Therapy In Pediatric Crohn's Disease: Effects on Environmental Toxin Exposure.","authors":"Elizabeth A Reznikov, Melissa M Melough, Dale Y Lee, David L Suskind, Shar Samy, James MacDonald, Theo K Bammler, Sheela Sathyanarayana","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2025.115773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exclusive Enteral Nutrition (EEN) can induce remission in Crohn's disease (CD). We completed a pilot study using novel reverse-engineered EEN (RE-EEN), a whole food smoothie in place of commercial liquid formula (EEN) which contains food additives to improve shelf stability and palatability. In a four week trial with RE-EEN, we reported 80% of patients went into clinical remission after four weeks. We hypothesized RE-EEN would decrease environmental toxin exposure through reduction of processing food intake. Biosamples were collected at baseline and at weeks two, four, and eight during the RE-EEN study. Urinary heavy metals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and urinary phthalate metabolites and melamine by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. For our primary analysis, change in baseline was calculated using a paired t-test for week four. Analysis was also completed for all weeks on RE-EEN using a generalized least squares model. Results were expressed as fold change ± standard error mean. Paired t-testing demonstrated a statistically significant (p<0.05) effect on molybdenum (Mo) with a fold change of 0.17 ± 0.15, an 83% reduction following RE-EEN treatment. Our results suggested an effect of arsenic (As) with fold change of 0.23 ± 0.26 (p=0.12), a 77% reduction following RE-EEN treatment. Our results also suggested an effect of cobalt (Co) with a fold change of 3.12 ± 3.12 fold, a 212% increase following RE-EEN therapy (p=0.16). With inclusion of all weeks on RE-EEN, Mo and As were statistically significant (p<0.05). Overall, we observed favorable shifts in urinary heavy metals by week four, and no effects were suggested in phthalate and melamine analysis. We saw increased precision in a sensitivity analysis when including all weeks for treatment. This is the first study to examine environmental toxicants in relation to whole foods smoothie diet in pediatric CD. RE-EEN dietary intervention shows promise in reducing chemical exposures and may contribute to CD remission. Notable limitations to this research include small sample size and absence of a control group. Further studies are necessary to assess the impact of RE-EEN diet on environmental toxicant exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115773"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential influence of food additives and contaminants on the gut microbiota: A comprehensive review","authors":"Sana Ullah ,&nbsp;Sher Ali ,&nbsp;Muhammad Atif ,&nbsp;Muhib Ullah ,&nbsp;Ghulam Nabi ,&nbsp;Lucas Gabriel Dionisio Freire ,&nbsp;Eliana Setsuko Kamimura ,&nbsp;Amir Sasan Mozaffari Nejad ,&nbsp;Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gut microbiota (GM) is a complex consortium of diverse microbes in the gastrointestinal tract, which collectively sustains host health through various physiological processes. GM's health benefits include regulation of host immunity, neurotransmitters, intestinal epithelium, energy absorption, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production. The extensive utilization of additives and the presence of contaminants in food has raised concerns regarding the GM. Chemical compounds such as pesticides, potentially toxic elements, microplastics, antibiotics, and certain food additives (e.g., emulsifiers, sweeteners, preservatives) have been shown to disrupt the GM's composition, leading to gut dysbiosis with subsequent adverse health effects. The complex mechanisms through which these substances affect microbiota lack a thorough understanding, although animal studies have provided new insights into the dysbiosis caused by these substances in the GM. This review aims to comprehensively explore the interaction of food additives and contaminants with the equilibrium of GM, with strong emphasis on their influence on gut health. We outline these substances as causing inflammation, gastrointestinal injury, altered short-chain fatty acids and polyamines' synthesis, higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and hepatic lipid metabolic disorders. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms and impact of such negative effects of food additives and contaminants on GM's integrity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115768"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human health risk assessment and concentration of Al, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Rb, and REEs in chocolate","authors":"Tatiana Pedron ,&nbsp;Caroline Cristine Augusto ,&nbsp;Gabrieli Carvalho Silva ,&nbsp;Maycom Cezar Valeriano ,&nbsp;Mónica Benicia Mamián-López ,&nbsp;Vera I. Slaveykova ,&nbsp;Bruno Lemos Batista","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to determine trace element concentrations in chocolates with cocoa percentages ranging from ≤40 % to 92 %, and to assess nutritional risk based on estimated daily intake (EDI) and target hazard quotient (THQ). Thirty-two samples were analyzed for Al, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Rb, and rare earth elements using ICP-MS. The highest concentrations were found for Fe (438.23 mg kg⁻¹), Cd (672.69 μg kg⁻¹), and Ce (114.76 μg kg⁻¹) in chocolates with 80–82 % cocoa. The maximum EDI values for Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Se were 0.02, 0.78, 0.15, 0.03, and ≤0.0004 mg kg⁻¹ BW day⁻¹, respectively, in samples with 82 % and 95 % cocoa. The highest EDI values for Al and Rb were 0.04 and 0.19 mg kg⁻¹ BW day⁻¹, whereas for As, Cd, Hg, and Pb reached 0.02, 0.27, 0.01, and 0.03 μg kg⁻¹ BW day⁻¹, respectively, in chocolates with 70 % and 82 % cocoa, posing a human health risk. THQ values for Al, As, Cd, Hg, Pb, and Rb were &lt;1. Principal component analysis showed a correlation between cocoa content, element concentration, and cocoa origin. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring both elemental concentrations and cocoa percentages to minimize toxic element exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115770"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deoxynivalenol toxicity along the gut–liver–brain axis in animal models: Mechanisms of action and strategies for mitigation","authors":"Katarzyna Kępka-Borkowska ,&nbsp;Mateusz Borkowski ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Chałaśkiewicz ,&nbsp;Rafał Radosław Starzyński ,&nbsp;Magdalena Ogłuszka ,&nbsp;Wojciech Kozera ,&nbsp;Krzysztof Karpiesiuk ,&nbsp;Adam Okorski ,&nbsp;Łukasz Zielonka ,&nbsp;Mariusz Pierzchała","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene mycotoxin commonly found in cereals and animal feed, exerts systemic toxicity affecting intestinal, hepatic, and neural function. This review critically examines DON-induced damage along the gut–liver–brain axis in animal models, highlighting shared molecular mechanisms including oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, and impaired antioxidant responses. DON disrupts intestinal barrier integrity, alters microbiota composition, promotes hepatic inflammation and apoptosis, and can impair neurochemical balance via direct and gut-mediated pathways. We also summarize the prevalence of DON contamination globally, with detection rates exceeding 60 % in some regions. In response to these risks, various mitigation strategies have been explored. This review evaluates the efficacy and safety of bioactive compounds such as vitamins, plant polyphenols, probiotics, and yeast derivatives, as well as synthetic agents, in reducing DON toxicity. Mechanisms of action include antioxidant defense, mycotoxin binding, and modulation of host immunity. Despite progress, knowledge gaps remain in long-term exposure effects, combinatory mycotoxin toxicity, and feed additive standardization. Integrative and translational approaches are needed to ensure effective DON risk management in food-producing systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115766"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, methyl cyclohexadiene (mixture of isomers), CAS Registry Number 30640-46-1","authors":"A.M. Api ,&nbsp;A. Bartlett ,&nbsp;D. Belsito ,&nbsp;D. Botelho ,&nbsp;M. Bruze ,&nbsp;A. Bryant-Friedrich ,&nbsp;G.A. Burton Jr. ,&nbsp;M.A. Cancellieri ,&nbsp;H. Chon ,&nbsp;M. Cronin ,&nbsp;S. Crotty ,&nbsp;M.L. Dagli ,&nbsp;W. Dekant ,&nbsp;C. Deodhar ,&nbsp;K. Farrell ,&nbsp;A.D. Fryer ,&nbsp;L. Jones ,&nbsp;K. Joshi ,&nbsp;A. Lapczynski ,&nbsp;D.L. Laskin ,&nbsp;Y. Thakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115765","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115765"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure and toxicity of emerging pollutants: Insights from a special issue in Food and Chemical Toxicology","authors":"Jingguang Li,&nbsp;Yongning Wu,&nbsp;Jiaying Liu,&nbsp;Quancai Sun,&nbsp;Di Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115764","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115764"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}