Food and Chemical Toxicology最新文献_第3页

FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Pepper, ginger, coniferous-derived and related flavoring ingredients 天然风味复合物的FEMA GRAS评估：胡椒、姜、针叶树衍生及相关调味成分。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2025.115849

Stephen S. Hecht , Samuel M. Cohen , Gerhard Eisenbrand , Shoji Fukushima , Nigel J. Gooderham , F. Peter Guengerich , Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens , Thomas J. Rosol , Jeanne M. Davidsen , Christie L. Harman , Sean V. Taylor

{"title":"FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Pepper, ginger, coniferous-derived and related flavoring ingredients","authors":"Stephen S. Hecht , Samuel M. Cohen , Gerhard Eisenbrand , Shoji Fukushima , Nigel J. Gooderham , F. Peter Guengerich , Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens , Thomas J. Rosol , Jeanne M. Davidsen , Christie L. Harman , Sean V. Taylor","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As part of the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association's (FEMA) program to evaluate the safety of flavor ingredients, this publication, thirteenth in the series, details the re-evaluation of natural flavor complexes (NFCs) whose constituent profiles are characterized by mono- and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The Panel's constituent-based safety evaluation procedure parses the identified constituents of each NFC into well-defined congeneric groups. For each congeneric group, an evaluation based on the estimated intake is conducted using the conservative Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) approach and a review of available data on absorption, metabolism and toxicity, including genotoxicity, for identified constituents and the NFCs, is conducted. The scope of the safety evaluation of the NFCs contained herein does not include added use in dietary supplements or any products other than food. Thirty-five NFCs, derived from the <em>Angelica, Abies, Cananga, Croton, Apium, Canarium, Erigeron</em>, <em>Ferula, Zingiber, Humulus, Juniperus, Cistus, Commiphora, Boswellia, Piper, Pinus</em> and <em>Schinus</em> genera were determined/affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) under their conditions of intended use as flavoring ingredients based on an evaluation of each NFC and the constituents and congeneric groups therein.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115849"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145751459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Proteomic and in silico characterization identifies conarachin as a major IgE-reactive peanut allergen 蛋白质组学和芯片鉴定鉴定花生花生角蛋白是一种主要的ige反应性过敏原。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2026.116017

Hanène Djeghim , Ouided Benslama , Ines Bellil , Postigo Idoia , Patricia Sanchez , Douadi Khelifi , Huda Alsaeedi , Mikhael Bechlany , Ahmed Barhoum

{"title":"Proteomic and in silico characterization identifies conarachin as a major IgE-reactive peanut allergen","authors":"Hanène Djeghim , Ouided Benslama , Ines Bellil , Postigo Idoia , Patricia Sanchez , Douadi Khelifi , Huda Alsaeedi , Mikhael Bechlany , Ahmed Barhoum","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.116017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.116017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peanut allergy is a major health issue, and detailed molecular insights are essential to understand allergenicity. In this study, an integrated immunoproteomic and in silico docking workflow was applied to characterize allergens from six Algerian peanut varieties. Protein profiling by 2-DE (pI 4.8-10.1, 9-68 kDa), followed by immunoblotting, revealed strong IgE binding to low-molecular-weight proteins (20-25 kDa). Sixteen distinct protein spots were excised and analyzed by LC-MS/MS, identifying key allergens including Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3, and Ara h 6, with peptide coverages ranging from 34% (Ara h 1) to 70% (Ara h 2). Four highly reactive allergens were prioritized, and nine were further investigated through molecular docking against the human IgE receptor. Computational analyses uncovered novel epitope interactions, with conarachin (Q647H1) emerging as the strongest binder (cluster score −625.4), showing stable contacts at epitopes 26-50, 112-151, and 185-491. Chain-specific docking highlighted high affinity toward both IgE heavy and light chains, underlining its structural adaptability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 116017"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146218033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Limosilactobacillus fermentum LF61: A multidimensional study on safety and functionality from genomics to clinical application 发酵乳酸杆菌LF61：从基因组学到临床应用的安全性和功能性多维研究。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2026.116002

Manfei Jin , Fei Xu , Yinhua Liu , Zhao Jiang

{"title":"Limosilactobacillus fermentum LF61: A multidimensional study on safety and functionality from genomics to clinical application","authors":"Manfei Jin , Fei Xu , Yinhua Liu , Zhao Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.116002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.116002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive multidimensional assessment of the safety and functional efficacy of <em>Limosilactobacillus fermentum</em> LF61, a strain isolated from human milk. Genomic analysis revealed no virulence factors (VFDB), drug resistance genes (CARD), or toxin synthesis gene cluster (antiSMASH) within its chromosome (2.04 Mb) and plasmid (15.5 kb), meeting EFSA's QPS safety criteria. In vitro studies demonstrated that LF61 exhibited a 2-h survival rate of >98% in gastric acid (pH 2.0) and a survival rate of 99.66% in intestinal fluid (pH 8.0). LF61 was also nontoxic to Caco-2 cells (metabolic activity at 20% concentration: 100.3 ± 2.1%). An acute oral toxicity test (in ICR mice) demonstrated an LD50 > 2 × 10<sup>10</sup> CFU/kg. In a randomized, double-blind clinical trial (n = 49), daily intake of 3 × 10<sup>10</sup> CFU of LF61 for 8 weeks increased serum levels of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 by 12.3% (<em>p</em> < 0.05), and IgA, IgG, and IgM by 18.7%, 15.2%, and 9.8%, respectively (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Metagenomic analysis revealed that LF61 promoted colonization by short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, such as <em>Mitsuokella</em> and <em>Turicibacter</em> (LDA >3), activated the carbohydrate metabolism pathway (<em>p</em> = 0.002), and maintained stable α-diversity in the microbiome (Shannon index <em>p</em> > 0.05). Collectively, our findings indicate that LF61 exerts beneficial effects via a gut-immune axis bidirectional regulatory mechanism, offering a theoretical basis and clinical evidence for the development of novel immunomodulatory probiotics targeting the gut-immune axis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 116002"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146140567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Arsenic exposure induces stemness in human normal breast epithelial cells via the E2F2/FZD10 axis 砷暴露通过E2F2/FZD10轴诱导人正常乳腺上皮细胞干性

IF 3.5 3区医学

Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2026.116003

Yang Yang , Dexiu Hu , Maoyuan Gong , Xingcan Yang , Ruobi Chen , Jingyuan Lin , Qibing Zeng , Yuyan Xu

{"title":"Arsenic exposure induces stemness in human normal breast epithelial cells via the E2F2/FZD10 axis","authors":"Yang Yang , Dexiu Hu , Maoyuan Gong , Xingcan Yang , Ruobi Chen , Jingyuan Lin , Qibing Zeng , Yuyan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.116003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.116003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic arsenic exposure is associated with systemic toxicity and carcinogenic risk, yet its mechanistic link to breast cancer remains poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that long-term exposure of human mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A) to low-dose sodium arsenite (NaAsO<sub>2</sub>) drives acquisition of a breast cancer stem-like phenotype. NaAsO<sub>2</sub>-exposed cells exhibited enhanced migration (1.34-fold), invasion (2.9-fold), and sphere-formation (1.54-fold) capacities, along with elevated expression of BCSCs markers EpCAM (3.17-fold) and ALDH1 (2.45-fold) and an increased CD44<sup>+</sup>/CD24<sup>-/low</sup> subpopulation (1.63-fold). Transcriptomic profiling identified the transcription factor E2F2 as a key mediator of this transformation. Functional studies established that E2F2 directly regulates FZD10 expression, activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to sustain the stem-like state. Collectively, we unveil the E2F2/FZD10 axis as a previously unrecognized molecular conduit through which environmental arsenic reprograms mammary epithelial cells toward a BCSCs-like phenotype, providing mechanistic insight into arsenic-associated breast cancer risk and revealing a potential target for preventive intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 116003"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146163286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Safety evaluation of honey truffle sweet protein produced from Komagataella phaffii 蜂蜜松露甜蛋白的安全性评价。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2026.115987

Susan M. Potter , Dan Zhao , Ashley Roberts , Robert Peterson , Daniel E. Connors , David B. Mayfield , Mel Lloyd , Thomas Martin , Sabitha Papineni , Giulia Tosi

{"title":"Safety evaluation of honey truffle sweet protein produced from Komagataella phaffii","authors":"Susan M. Potter , Dan Zhao , Ashley Roberts , Robert Peterson , Daniel E. Connors , David B. Mayfield , Mel Lloyd , Thomas Martin , Sabitha Papineni , Giulia Tosi","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Honey truffles (<em>Mattirolomyces terfezioides</em>) contain a natural protein which exhibits intense sweetness. This protein is produced via precision fermentation using <em>Komagataella phaffii</em> (formerly <em>Pichia pastoris</em>) as the chassis and is processed into a spray dried powder referred to as Honey Truffle Sweet Protein (HTSP) and the powder contains at least 50% w/w total protein, of which at least 50% is the active sweet protein, Honey Truffle Active Component (HT-AC). HT-AC is 500–2500 times sweeter than sucrose dependent on food/beverage formulations. A set of genotoxicity assays and oral repeated dose studies were conducted to assess the safety of HTSP for its use as a sweetener in food and beverages. The results of the <em>in vitro</em> bacterial mutagenicity and mammalian cell micronucleus tests demonstrated a lack of genotoxic effects. In the 13-week oral exposure study, male and female Wistar Han rats were dosed by gavage to 1800, 3600, and 5400 mg/kg/day of HTSP (equivalent to approximately 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg/day of the HT-AC). Treatment was well tolerated with neither mortality nor HTSP-related adverse clinical pathology findings, organ weight effects, or macroscopic or microscopic observations. Consequently, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 5400 mg/kg/day (1500 mg/kg/day HT-AC). The results supports the safety of HTSP for use as a dietary sweetener in food and beverage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115987"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146117115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RIPK3/MLKL-mediated necroptosis promotes hepatic inflammation in chronic arsenic exposure through drinking water RIPK3/ mlkl介导的坏死性下垂通过饮用水促进慢性砷暴露的肝脏炎症。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2026.116020

Meng Zhang , Mingzhao Jia , Yinan Liu , Yawen Shi , Xu Zhao , Chen Chen , Jinghong Chen

{"title":"RIPK3/MLKL-mediated necroptosis promotes hepatic inflammation in chronic arsenic exposure through drinking water","authors":"Meng Zhang , Mingzhao Jia , Yinan Liu , Yawen Shi , Xu Zhao , Chen Chen , Jinghong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.116020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.116020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic exposure to arsenic-contaminated drinking water is a major environmental risk factor for liver injury, yet its pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. This study explores the role of RIPK3/MLKL-mediated necroptosis in arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity using a chronic <em>in vivo</em> mouse model. Mice were exposed to sodium arsenite (NaAsO<sub>2</sub>) at concentrations of 2.8, 8.4, and 25.2 mg/L in drinking water for 8 weeks. Arsenic exposure induced dose-dependent hepatocellular necrosis, elevated liver injury markers (ALT, AST, GST-α, GDH), and increased hepatic expression of <em>p</em>-RIPK3, <em>p</em>-MLKL and HMGB1, along with upregulation of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. Notably, <em>Mlkl</em><sup>−/−</sup> mice exhibited significantly reduced liver injury and lower levels of ALT, AST, GSHα, and GDH, decreased HMGB1, TNF-α and IL-6 expression, following high-dose arsenic exposure (25.2 mg/L) compared to WT controls. These findings indicate that RIPK3/MLKL-mediated necroptosis contributes to arsenic-induced liver injury by promoting hepatocyte death and inflammation. Inhibiting MLKL alleviates arsenic-induced liver injury by reducing cell death and inflammation in mice. Targeting MLKL may offer a promising therapeutic approach for mitigating chronic arsenic-related hepatotoxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 116020"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146256718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acephate exposure during gestation in rats elicits differing placental transcriptomic responses in male and female fetuses 大鼠妊娠期间乙酰甲胺磷暴露可引起雄性和雌性胎儿不同的胎盘转录组反应

IF 3.5 3区医学

Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2026.115980

Pedro Vinicius Gonçalves Martins , Vitor Lima Coelho , Mariana de Souza Pomacena , Yasmim Petronilho de Souza , Beatriz Souza da Silva , Luana Lopes de Souza , Iala Milene Bertasso , Egberto Gaspar de Moura , Patricia Cristina Lisboa , Rosiane Aparecida Miranda

{"title":"Acephate exposure during gestation in rats elicits differing placental transcriptomic responses in male and female fetuses","authors":"Pedro Vinicius Gonçalves Martins , Vitor Lima Coelho , Mariana de Souza Pomacena , Yasmim Petronilho de Souza , Beatriz Souza da Silva , Luana Lopes de Souza , Iala Milene Bertasso , Egberto Gaspar de Moura , Patricia Cristina Lisboa , Rosiane Aparecida Miranda","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acephate, a broadly applied insecticide with endocrine-disrupting properties, has <em>in utero</em> effects that are still not fully elucidated. We hypothesized that maternal exposure to a low dose of acephate alters placental function and induces sex-specific offspring changes. Wistar rat dams received water (control) or acephate (4.5 mg/kg/day) by gavage from gestation day (GD) 6.5–18.5, and the placentas and fetuses were collected on GD 18.5. Acephate exposure caused intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in both sexes, while placental efficiency (g fetus/g placenta) was reduced in males and increased in females. Placental transcriptomics revealed no significant differential expression in placentas bearing male fetuses. In contrast, 135 downregulated genes and 171 upregulated genes enriched for growth and nutrient transport were identified in placentas bearing female fetuses. A reduction in the profile of proinflammatory cytokines in the amniotic fluid was detected in the fetuses of both sexes, especially in males, whereas the plasma concentration of MCP-1 increased in dams. Taken together, these findings reveal that the response to acephate differs according to fetal sex, suggesting a nontranscriptional mechanism of placental failure in placentas bearing male fetuses, as well as a complex, adaptive transcriptional response in those bearing female fetuses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115980"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detoxification of T-2 toxin in human chondrocytes due to its hydroxylation by carboxylesterases and arylacetamide deacetylase in the liver 肝脏中羧酸酯酶和芳基乙酰胺去乙酰化酶对人软骨细胞中T-2毒素的羟基化解毒作用

IF 3.5 3区医学

Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2026.116007

Shiqiang Cheng , Sirong Shi , Bolun Cheng , Chen Liu , Xuena Yang , Li Liu , Huan Liu , Yan Wen , Alexey A. Tinkov , Anatoly V. Skalny , Yumeng Jia , Feng Zhang

{"title":"Detoxification of T-2 toxin in human chondrocytes due to its hydroxylation by carboxylesterases and arylacetamide deacetylase in the liver","authors":"Shiqiang Cheng , Sirong Shi , Bolun Cheng , Chen Liu , Xuena Yang , Li Liu , Huan Liu , Yan Wen , Alexey A. Tinkov , Anatoly V. Skalny , Yumeng Jia , Feng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.116007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.116007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>T-2 toxin, a trichothecene mycotoxin produced by <em>Fusarium</em> species, is a global cereal contaminant and an important environmental risk factor for cartilage damage and Kashin–Beck disease (KBD). Although hydrolysis is a major metabolic pathway of T-2 toxin, the human enzymes responsible and their toxicological relevance remain poorly understood. In this study, human liver microsomes, recombinant hydrolases, and selective inhibitors were used to identify the key enzymes mediating T-2 hydrolysis, and LC–MS/MS was applied to quantify T-2 and its major metabolites. Human chondrocytes were further used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of T-2 and its hydrolytic metabolites (HT-2 toxin, neosolaniol, and T-2 tetraol). T-2 toxin was predominantly hydrolyzed to HT-2 toxin, primarily by carboxylesterases (CES1, CES2), with inhibitor-based evidence supporting a potential role for arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC). The toxicity ranking was T-2 toxin > HT-2 toxin > neosolaniol > T-2 tetraol. T-2 toxin markedly impaired autophagy and extracellular matrix metabolism in chondrocytes, whereas its metabolites showed weaker cytotoxicity. These findings indicate that human CES1 and CES2, together with other hydrolases including AADAC, contributing to the hydrolysis and detoxification of T-2 toxin and may represent potential targets for mitigating T-2–associated cartilage damage and KBD risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 116007"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146163342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analytical measurement and human health risk assessment of selected metals from commercial chocolate bars 商品巧克力棒中选定金属的分析测量和人体健康风险评估。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2026.116011

Stephanie A. Thornton , Taylor M. Mincin , Oluwadamilare A. Adebambo , Kenny M. Unice , Marisa L. Kreider

{"title":"Analytical measurement and human health risk assessment of selected metals from commercial chocolate bars","authors":"Stephanie A. Thornton , Taylor M. Mincin , Oluwadamilare A. Adebambo , Kenny M. Unice , Marisa L. Kreider","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.116011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.116011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Potential health risks associated with exposure to heavy metals in milk and dark chocolate bars were evaluated using analytical testing and representative consumption estimates. Across six brands, 36 chocolate samples were purchased and analyzed for the presence of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Concentrations in chocolate were combined with frequency and quantity of U.S. chocolate consumption to estimate exposures for several age groups. Potential risks were characterized by comparing exposures to health-based screening values. No non-cancer risk was observed for any age group under central tendency exposure assumptions, but high-end exposure assumptions resulted in potential risks for non-cancer endpoints from potential Pb exposure in most age groups. Potential increased cancer risks from potential As exposure were identified for some age groups under central tendency exposure assumptions and all groups under high-end assumptions; however, As was only quantified in two samples. Inherent conservatisms in the approach provided confidence that there is low likelihood of risk from Pb or As in chocolate despite potential risks identified, and no risks were identified from Cd or Hg. Overall, health risks from heavy metals are unlikely under typical exposure scenarios for most chocolate bars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 116011"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146199995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Response to the Letter to the Editor: “Translational perspectives on dietary prebiotics and iron for reducing rice cadmium bioavailability" 对致编辑的信的回应：“饮食益生元和铁对降低水稻镉生物利用度的转化观点”。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2026.115988

Rong-Yue Xue, Hong-Bo Li

引用次数: 0