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Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2-methylpropyl pentanoate, CAS Registry Number 10588-10-0.
IF 3.9 3区 医学
Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.115153
A M Api, A Bartlett, D Belsito, D Botelho, M Bruze, A Bryant-Friedrich, G A Burton, M A Cancellieri, H Chon, M Cronin, S Crotty, M L Dagli, W Dekant, C Deodhar, K Farrell, A D Fryer, L Jones, K Joshi, A Lapczynski, D L Laskin, M Lavelle, I Lee, H Moustakas, J Muldoon, T M Penning, A H Piersma, G Ritacco, N Sadekar, I Schember, T W Schultz, F Siddiqi, I G Sipes, G Sullivan, Y Thakkar
{"title":"Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2-methylpropyl pentanoate, CAS Registry Number 10588-10-0.","authors":"A M Api, A Bartlett, D Belsito, D Botelho, M Bruze, A Bryant-Friedrich, G A Burton, M A Cancellieri, H Chon, M Cronin, S Crotty, M L Dagli, W Dekant, C Deodhar, K Farrell, A D Fryer, L Jones, K Joshi, A Lapczynski, D L Laskin, M Lavelle, I Lee, H Moustakas, J Muldoon, T M Penning, A H Piersma, G Ritacco, N Sadekar, I Schember, T W Schultz, F Siddiqi, I G Sipes, G Sullivan, Y Thakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115153","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142754415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of Quercetin against fluoride-induced neurotoxicity in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats: A stereological, histochemical and behavioral study.
IF 3.9 3区 医学
Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.115126
Parinaz Javanbakht, Afshin Talebinasab, Reza Asadi-Golshan, Maryam Shabani, Iraj Ragerdi Kashani, Sina Mojaverrostami
{"title":"Effects of Quercetin against fluoride-induced neurotoxicity in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats: A stereological, histochemical and behavioral study.","authors":"Parinaz Javanbakht, Afshin Talebinasab, Reza Asadi-Golshan, Maryam Shabani, Iraj Ragerdi Kashani, Sina Mojaverrostami","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to high levels of fluoride leads to brain developmental and functional damage. Motor performance deficits, learning and memory dysfunctions are related to fluoride neurotoxicity in human and rodent studies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Here, we evaluated the effects of Quercetin treatment (25 mg/kg) against sodium fluoride-induced neurotoxicity (NaF, 200 ppm) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of male adult rats based on oxidative markers, behavioral performances, mRNA expressions, and stereological parameters. After a 4-week experimental period, the brains of rats were collected and used for molecular and histological analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that 4 weeks of NaF exposure decreased body weight, working memory, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression, total volume of mPFC, number of neurons and non-neuronal cells in the mPFC, and anti-oxidative markers (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px), while increased lipid peroxidation, P53 mRNA expression and anxiety. Quercetin treatment could significantly reverse the neurotoxic effect of NaF in the mPFC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In summary, Quercetin could decrease the detrimental effects of NaF in the mPFC of adult rats by improving antioxidant potency and consequently decreasing neuronal and non-neuronal apoptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142754410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 3,7-dimethyl-2-methylenocta-6-enal, CAS registry number 22418-66-2.
IF 3.9 3区 医学
Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.115152
A M Api, A Bartlett, D Belsito, D Botelho, M Bruze, A Bryant-Friedrich, G A Burton, M A Cancellieri, H Chon, M L Dagli, W Dekant, C Deodhar, K Farrell, A D Fryer, L Jones, K Joshi, A Lapczynski, M Lavelle, I Lee, H Moustakas, J Muldoon, T M Penning, G Ritacco, N Sadekar, I Schember, T W Schultz, F Siddiqi, I G Sipes, G Sullivan, Y Thakkar, Y Tokura
{"title":"RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 3,7-dimethyl-2-methylenocta-6-enal, CAS registry number 22418-66-2.","authors":"A M Api, A Bartlett, D Belsito, D Botelho, M Bruze, A Bryant-Friedrich, G A Burton, M A Cancellieri, H Chon, M L Dagli, W Dekant, C Deodhar, K Farrell, A D Fryer, L Jones, K Joshi, A Lapczynski, M Lavelle, I Lee, H Moustakas, J Muldoon, T M Penning, G Ritacco, N Sadekar, I Schember, T W Schultz, F Siddiqi, I G Sipes, G Sullivan, Y Thakkar, Y Tokura","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115152","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142754413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Expression, characterization, and application of an aldo-keto reductase mined from Bacillus velezensis Vel-HNGD-F2 for deoxynivalenol biodegradation.
IF 3.9 3区 医学
Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.115159
Junxia Liu, Peng Li, Xiao Li, Yanli Xie, Fred Mwabulili, Shumin Sun, Yuhui Yang, Weibin Ma, Qian Li, Hang Jia
{"title":"Expression, characterization, and application of an aldo-keto reductase mined from Bacillus velezensis Vel-HNGD-F2 for deoxynivalenol biodegradation.","authors":"Junxia Liu, Peng Li, Xiao Li, Yanli Xie, Fred Mwabulili, Shumin Sun, Yuhui Yang, Weibin Ma, Qian Li, Hang Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination in cereals and their products poses a potential threat to animal and human health, however, physical and chemical detoxification methods deplete nutrients and cannot specifically remove DON. This study aims to identify novel and efficient DON-degrading enzymes, providing practical support for their application in biodegradation. A novel DON-degrading aldo-keto reductase named AKR11A2 was identified from Bacillus velezensis Vel-HNGD-F2 through BlastP comparison. AKR11A2, an enzyme with a molecular mass of 34.8 kDa encoded by a 933 bp gene, exhibited optimal activity at pH 9 and 40 °C, while demonstrating remarkable thermal and alkaline stability by retaining over 90% of its activity. UPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the m/z of the DON degradation product was 295.1, identified as 3-epi-DON, formed through the direct isomerization of DON. Notably, zebrafish experiments demonstrated that the liver toxicity of the degradation product was significantly lower than that of DON. AKR11A2 effectively degraded 50.69% of the DON in contaminated corn, highlighting its practical application in food safety. These findings indicate that the study achieved the biodegradation of DON and provide a promising theoretical and technological support for the application of DON detoxifying enzymes in food and feed products.</p>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115159"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142754411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Atractylenolide III ameliorates DSS-induced colitis by improving intestinal epithelial barrier via suppressing the NF-κB-Mediated MLCK-pMLC signaling pathway.
IF 3.9 3区 医学
Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.115158
Ting-Ting Dai, Wei Fang, Wen-Tao Zhu, Zhi-Li Han, Nian-Xia Sun, Gang Yin, Dian-Lei Wang
{"title":"Atractylenolide III ameliorates DSS-induced colitis by improving intestinal epithelial barrier via suppressing the NF-κB-Mediated MLCK-pMLC signaling pathway.","authors":"Ting-Ting Dai, Wei Fang, Wen-Tao Zhu, Zhi-Li Han, Nian-Xia Sun, Gang Yin, Dian-Lei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study is to demonstrate the protection of atractylenolide III (AT III) on intestinal barrier dysfunction in ulcerative colitis (UC). UC model was established by 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and TNF-α was used to induce dysfunction in the intestinal epithelial barrier. TEER, FD-4 transmembrane flux and DAI were measured. Histopathological changes was identified by H&E staining, TJ structure changes were observed by TEM, IL-1β and TNF-α contents were measured by ELISA, bacterial translocation was investigated by FISH. The expressions of ZO-1, occludin, and the proteins in the MLCK/p-MLC and NF-κB pathways were analyzed by Western blotting or immunofluorescence. The results indicated that AT III alleviate the symptoms of DSS-induced colitis, reduce the disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier, and decrease FD4. Moreover, AT III inhibited the destruction of intestinal epithelial TJ structure and bacterial translocation in UC mice. AT III reversed the high levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, the decrease of occludin, ZO-1 expressions. Furthermore, AT III showed similar effects to PDTC (pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate) in ameliorating the disruption of the TNF-α-induced TEER and FD-4 disruption, MLCK protein expression, and MLC2 phosphorylation. In conclusion, AT III mitigates the dysfunction of intestinal epithelial barrier in UC through the NF-κB-mediated MLCK/p-MLC signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142754409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, benzothiazole, CAS Registry Number 95-16-9.
IF 3.9 3区 医学
Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.115156
A M Api, A Bartlett, D Belsito, D Botelho, M Bruze, A Bryant-Friedrich, G A Burton, M A Cancellieri, H Chon, M Cronin, S Crotty, M L Dagli, W Dekant, C Deodhar, K Farrell, A D Fryer, L Jones, K Joshi, A Lapczynski, D L Laskin, M Lavelle, I Lee, H Moustakas, J Muldoon, T M Penning, A H Piersma, G Ritacco, N Sadekar, I Schember, T W Schultz, F Siddiqi, I G Sipes, G Sullivan, Y Thakkar
{"title":"Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, benzothiazole, CAS Registry Number 95-16-9.","authors":"A M Api, A Bartlett, D Belsito, D Botelho, M Bruze, A Bryant-Friedrich, G A Burton, M A Cancellieri, H Chon, M Cronin, S Crotty, M L Dagli, W Dekant, C Deodhar, K Farrell, A D Fryer, L Jones, K Joshi, A Lapczynski, D L Laskin, M Lavelle, I Lee, H Moustakas, J Muldoon, T M Penning, A H Piersma, G Ritacco, N Sadekar, I Schember, T W Schultz, F Siddiqi, I G Sipes, G Sullivan, Y Thakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115156","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115156"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142754416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Synergistic effects of vitamin C mitigates sodium fluoride-induced dental fluorosis and allergic immune responses in mice.
IF 3.9 3区 医学
Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.115164
Harshitha Kurbur Parashivamurthy, Shiva Siddappa, Pavan Kumar Subbanakodige Venkatakrishna, U K Ambikathanaya, Radhakrishna Shetty, Kiran Kumar Mudnakudu-Nagaraju
{"title":"Synergistic effects of vitamin C mitigates sodium fluoride-induced dental fluorosis and allergic immune responses in mice.","authors":"Harshitha Kurbur Parashivamurthy, Shiva Siddappa, Pavan Kumar Subbanakodige Venkatakrishna, U K Ambikathanaya, Radhakrishna Shetty, Kiran Kumar Mudnakudu-Nagaraju","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluoride consumption through food and drinking water above permissible levels poses serious health risks. Managing fluoride intake from community water sources is a considerable challenge. This study aimed to understand the synergistic effect of vitamin C supplementation in a mouse model exposed to sodium fluoride (NaF) and ovalbumin (OVA) allergen. In brief, Balb/c mice received 100 ppm NaF daily in drinking water and intragastrical administration of 5 mg OVA as a food allergen. Further, OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 humoral immune responses, leukocytes infiltration, and histopathological alterations in tissues of the liver, kidney, thymus and spleen were analysed by ELISA and microscopic examination. Results showed that NaF and OVA administration developed clinical symptoms of food allergy, followed by dental fluorosis in the lower incisors, evidenced by Thylstrup-Fejerskov index in mice. Besides, Vitamin C supplementation, as a potential antioxidant and anti-allergic molecule effectively reduced the symptoms of food allergy, dental fluorosis, eosinophils infiltration, and histological alterations in mice which exposed to sodium fluoride and OVA allergen. In conclusion, the study provides compelling evidence that vitamin C might be a potential therapeutic drug for mitigating both dental fluorosis and food allergy induced by excessive fluoride intake through food and water.</p>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2-(3-heptyl)-1,3-dioxolane, CAS Registry Number 4359-47-1.
IF 3.9 3区 医学
Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.115144
A M Api, A Bartlett, D Belsito, D Botelho, M Bruze, A Bryant-Friedrich, G A Burton, M A Cancellieri, H Chon, M L Dagli, W Dekant, C Deodhar, K Farrell, A D Fryer, L Jones, K Joshi, A Lapczynski, M Lavelle, I Lee, H Moustakas, J Muldoon, T M Penning, G Ritacco, N Sadekar, I Schember, T W Schultz, F Siddiqi, I G Sipes, G Sullivan, Y Thakkar, Y Tokura
{"title":"RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2-(3-heptyl)-1,3-dioxolane, CAS Registry Number 4359-47-1.","authors":"A M Api, A Bartlett, D Belsito, D Botelho, M Bruze, A Bryant-Friedrich, G A Burton, M A Cancellieri, H Chon, M L Dagli, W Dekant, C Deodhar, K Farrell, A D Fryer, L Jones, K Joshi, A Lapczynski, M Lavelle, I Lee, H Moustakas, J Muldoon, T M Penning, G Ritacco, N Sadekar, I Schember, T W Schultz, F Siddiqi, I G Sipes, G Sullivan, Y Thakkar, Y Tokura","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115144","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, ethyl 2-methyl-3-pentenoate, CAS Registry Number 1617-23-8.
IF 3.9 3区 医学
Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.115131
A M Api, A Bartlett, D Belsito, D Botelho, M Bruze, A Bryant-Friedrich, G A Burton, M A Cancellieri, H Chon, M L Dagli, W Dekant, C Deodhar, K Farrell, A D Fryer, L Jones, K Joshi, A Lapczynski, M Lavelle, I Lee, H Moustakas, J Muldoon, T M Penning, G Ritacco, N Sadekar, I Schember, T W Schultz, F Siddiqi, I G Sipes, G Sullivan, Y Thakkar, Y Tokura
{"title":"Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, ethyl 2-methyl-3-pentenoate, CAS Registry Number 1617-23-8.","authors":"A M Api, A Bartlett, D Belsito, D Botelho, M Bruze, A Bryant-Friedrich, G A Burton, M A Cancellieri, H Chon, M L Dagli, W Dekant, C Deodhar, K Farrell, A D Fryer, L Jones, K Joshi, A Lapczynski, M Lavelle, I Lee, H Moustakas, J Muldoon, T M Penning, G Ritacco, N Sadekar, I Schember, T W Schultz, F Siddiqi, I G Sipes, G Sullivan, Y Thakkar, Y Tokura","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Acrylamide content in popcorn from Spanish market: Risk assessment.
IF 3.9 3区 医学
Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.115145
Albert Sebastià, Carmen Fernández-Matarredona, Juan Manuel Castagnini, Francisco J Barba, Houda Berrada, Juan Carlos Moltó, Olga Pardo, Francesc A Esteve-Turrillas, Emilia Ferrer
{"title":"Acrylamide content in popcorn from Spanish market: Risk assessment.","authors":"Albert Sebastià, Carmen Fernández-Matarredona, Juan Manuel Castagnini, Francisco J Barba, Houda Berrada, Juan Carlos Moltó, Olga Pardo, Francesc A Esteve-Turrillas, Emilia Ferrer","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Snacks, including popcorn, are increasingly consumed in Spain and are susceptible to acrylamide (AA) formation. AA, classified as a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), is produced via the Maillard reaction between reducing sugars and amino acids, particularly glucose, and asparagine, when foods are heated above 120 °C. This study aims to analyze the AA content in 91 popcorn samples, categorized by flavor (salted, butter, caramel, flavored, colored, unflavored) and cooking method (ready-to-eat, popcorn maker, microwave), and assess dietary AA exposure in the Spanish population. Samples were collected from supermarkets, grocery stores, and cinemas across Spain and analyzed using solid-liquid extraction (SLE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The average AA concentration in the samples was 277 ± 119 μg kg<sup>-1</sup>, with only two samples below the limit of quantification (LOQ, 60 μg kg<sup>-1</sup>). At the same time, no significant correlation between flavor and AA content was found. Whereas microwave cooking notably increased AA levels. Estimated AA intake for adults and children ranged from 0.011 to 0.045 μg kg⁻<sup>1</sup> day⁻<sup>1</sup>, depending on the exposure scenario. In children, a margin of exposure (MOE) below 10,000 was observed for Harderian gland tumors in realistic and pessimistic scenario.</p>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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