Food and Chemical Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, β,β,3-trimethyl benzenepropanol, CAS Registry Number 103694-68-4","authors":"A.M. Api , A. Bartlett , D. Belsito , D. Botelho , M. Bruze , A. Bryant-Friedrich , G.A. Burton Jr. , M.A. Cancellieri , H. Chon , M. Cronin , S. Crotty , M.L. Dagli , W. Dekant , C. Deodhar , K. Farrell , A.D. Fryer , L. Jones , K. Joshi , A. Lapczynski , D.L. Laskin , Y. Thakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115962","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115962"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146002714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, isobornyl methyl ether, CAS Registry Number 5331-32-8","authors":"A.M. Api , A. Bartlett , D. Belsito , D. Botelho , M. Bruze , A. Bryant-Friedrich , G.A. Burton Jr. , M.A. Cancellieri , H. Chon , M. Cronin , S. Crotty , M.L. Dagli , W. Dekant , C. Deodhar , K. Farrell , A.D. Fryer , L. Jones , K. Joshi , A. Lapczynski , D.L. Laskin , Y. Thakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115958","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115958"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dityrosine induces myocardial injury via Ang II-MAPK-Nrf2 pathway-mediated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and fibrosis in mice","authors":"Yin-Yi Ding ,&nbsp;Jia Chen ,&nbsp;Yuxin Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Gu ,&nbsp;Tianyuan Song ,&nbsp;Yujun Ge ,&nbsp;Tianming Xuan ,&nbsp;Oushan Tang ,&nbsp;Qing Shen ,&nbsp;Keyun Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dityrosine (Dityr), a typical oxidized tyrosine product in processed foods, has been implicated in various non-communicable diseases, yet its impact on myocardial injury remains unclear. This study investigated the mechanisms of Dityr-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were administered Dityr (320-32,000 μg/kg BW/day) for 15 weeks. Dityr exposure significantly elevated blood pressure, impaired cardiac function (reduced CK and CK-MB activity, increased Cr and BUN), and induced myocardial fibrosis (upregulated I-CTP, III-PNP, MMPs/TIMPs). Dityr upregulated angiotensin II (Ang II) and activated the p38 MAPK pathway, exacerbated oxidative stress (decreased GSH/GSSG, increased MDA), reduced the antioxidant capacity (reduced T-AOC, reduced SOD, CAT, and Gpx activity) and suppressed Nrf2/ARE-mediated antioxidant defenses (downregulated <em>Ho-1</em>, <em>Gpx-1</em>, <em>Nqo1</em>). Mitochondrial dysfunction was evident via ultrastructural damage, reduced ATP synthesis, mtDNA depletion, and membrane depolarization. Additionally, Dityr promoted cardiomyocyte apoptosis (increased <em>Bax</em> and <em>caspase 3</em>, decreased <em>Bcl-2</em>) and inflammatory responses (elevated TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB). These findings demonstrate that Dityr induces myocardial injury through oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial damage, fibrosis, and apoptosis. Our study further highlights that dysregulation of the Ang II-MAPK-Nrf2 pathway is a critical mechanism underlying Dityr-induced myocardial injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115966"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146002786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, α,α-dimethyl-p-ethylphenylpropanal, CAS Registry Number 67634-15-5","authors":"A.M. Api ,&nbsp;A. Bartlett ,&nbsp;D. Belsito ,&nbsp;D. Botelho ,&nbsp;M. Bruze ,&nbsp;A. Bryant-Friedrich ,&nbsp;G.A. Burton Jr. ,&nbsp;M.A. Cancellieri ,&nbsp;H. Chon ,&nbsp;M. Cronin ,&nbsp;S. Crotty ,&nbsp;M.L. Dagli ,&nbsp;W. Dekant ,&nbsp;C. Deodhar ,&nbsp;K. Farrell ,&nbsp;A.D. Fryer ,&nbsp;L. Jones ,&nbsp;K. Joshi ,&nbsp;A. Lapczynski ,&nbsp;D.L. Laskin ,&nbsp;Y. Thakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115916","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115916"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145846186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RIFM Natural Complex Substance (NCS) fragrance ingredient safety assessment, lovage leaf oil, CAS Registry Number 8016-31-7, RIFM ID 813-E2.12","authors":"A.M. Api ,&nbsp;A. Bartlett ,&nbsp;D. Belsito ,&nbsp;D. Botelho ,&nbsp;M. Bruze ,&nbsp;A. Bryant-Friedrich ,&nbsp;G.A. Burton Jr. ,&nbsp;M.A. Cancellieri ,&nbsp;H. Chon ,&nbsp;M. Cronin ,&nbsp;S. Crotty ,&nbsp;M.L. Dagli ,&nbsp;W. Dekant ,&nbsp;C. Deodhar ,&nbsp;K. Farrell ,&nbsp;A.D. Fryer ,&nbsp;L. Jones ,&nbsp;K. Joshi ,&nbsp;A. Lapczynski ,&nbsp;D.L. Laskin ,&nbsp;Y. Thakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115949","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115949"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146008330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in traditional Chinese medicinal materials and their decoctions: Integrating dissolution characteristic with Monte Carlo simulation","authors":"Guanjun Nan ,&nbsp;Zhengzheng Liu ,&nbsp;Xuemei Zhou ,&nbsp;Yunzhe Li ,&nbsp;Fanli Yang ,&nbsp;Rong Lin ,&nbsp;Guangde Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global use of Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) is increasing, raising concerns regarding contamination by heavy metal(loid)s. Although decoction is a common method of administration, limited research has investigated the transfer of heavy metal(loid)s from medicinal materials to decoctions, particularly for compound formulas, or has performed probabilistic health risk assessments. In this study, six common TCMs (<em>Persicae Semen</em>, <em>Carthami Flos</em>, <em>Rehmanniae Radix</em>, <em>Angelicae Sinensis Radix</em>, <em>Chuanxiong Rhizoma</em>, and <em>Paeoniae Radix Alba</em>) were collected from various regions across China. Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, and As were analyzed in the raw medicinal materials, their single-herb decoctions, and the corresponding compound formula decoction (Taohong Siwu Decoction). The results showed that Hg in some batches exceeded safety limits. Transfer rates of heavy metal(loid)s from medicinal materials to the decoctions varied considerably among elements, ranging from 8.67 % to 65.56 %. Compared with single-herb decoctions, the dissolution of Cu, Pb, and Cd increased in the compound decoction, whereas that Hg decreased. Probabilistic risk assessment indicated no significant non-carcinogenic risk; however, <em>Paeoniae Radix Alba</em> showed a 1.12 % probability of carcinogenic risk above the 1 × 10⁻⁴ threshold. Importantly, both heavy metal(loid) levels and the associated health risks were substantially lower in the decoctions than in the raw materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115975"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146045787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, methyl 2-(formylamino)benzoate, CAS Registry Number 41270-80-8","authors":"A.M. Api ,&nbsp;A. Bartlett ,&nbsp;D. Belsito ,&nbsp;D. Botelho ,&nbsp;M. Bruze ,&nbsp;A. Bryant-Friedrich ,&nbsp;G.A. Burton Jr. ,&nbsp;M.A. Cancellieri ,&nbsp;H. Chon ,&nbsp;M. Cronin ,&nbsp;S. Crotty ,&nbsp;M.L. Dagli ,&nbsp;W. Dekant ,&nbsp;C. Deodhar ,&nbsp;K. Farrell ,&nbsp;A.D. Fryer ,&nbsp;L. Jones ,&nbsp;K. Joshi ,&nbsp;A. Lapczynski ,&nbsp;D.L. Laskin ,&nbsp;Y. Thakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115976","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115976"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146045755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, isopulegyl acetate, CAS Registry number 57576-09-7","authors":"A.M. Api ,&nbsp;A. Bartlett ,&nbsp;D. Belsito ,&nbsp;D. Botelho ,&nbsp;M. Bruze ,&nbsp;A. Bryant-Friedrich ,&nbsp;G.A. Burton Jr. ,&nbsp;M.A. Cancellieri ,&nbsp;H. Chon ,&nbsp;M. Cronin ,&nbsp;S. Crotty ,&nbsp;M.L. Dagli ,&nbsp;W. Dekant ,&nbsp;C. Deodhar ,&nbsp;K. Farrell ,&nbsp;A.D. Fryer ,&nbsp;L. Jones ,&nbsp;K. Joshi ,&nbsp;A. Lapczynski ,&nbsp;D.L. Laskin ,&nbsp;Y. Thakkar","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115944","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115944"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145987513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Korean dioxin risk patterns: Modulation by dietary-socio-demographic and behavioral factors","authors":"Dongjun Lee ,&nbsp;Kyungjun Jeong ,&nbsp;Jeongho Oh ,&nbsp;Changsoo Kim ,&nbsp;Seungyoung Park ,&nbsp;Yongjin Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.115953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dioxins, well-known persistent organic pollutants, accumulate in the human body primarily through dietary exposure. However, it may be significant to examine the current status of dioxin risk in relation to physiological factors, lifestyle factors, and socioeconomic conditions with dietary patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to identify the non-carcinogenic dioxin risk patterns according to physiological, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and dietary factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Physiological, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and dietary factors were surveyed for 153 Korean adults (aged 20–59) living in metropolitan areas. 29 dioxin congeners were analyzed in serum samples. The estimated daily dioxin intake was calculated by combining the surveyed dietary consumption data with the dioxin concentrations provided by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety of Korea. The non-carcinogenic risk from comparing the estimated intake with WHO TDI value was classified into surveyed factors. The association between dietary intake and blood dioxin concentrations was evaluated using a generalized linear model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Females exhibited a higher risk than males, and the risk increased with advancing age. Current smokers showed a lower risk compared to non-smokers and former smokers, while participants with a history of disease demonstrated a notably lower risk than those without such a history. Furthermore, higher monthly income was associated with an increased risk, whereas higher educational attainment was inversely associated with risk. Shellfish was associated with increasing blood DL-PCBs levels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Socio-demographic and behavioral factors may play an important role in modulating the non-carcinogenic risk associated with dietary dioxin exposure. Changes in dioxin risk patterns across such factors warrant further examination through additional investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115953"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145987617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation of explainable QSAR models for predicting chemical-induced urinary tract toxicity","authors":"Gul Karaduman ,&nbsp;Sat Byul Seo","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical-induced urinary tract toxicity, particularly in the bladder and ureters, remains undercharacterized relative to nephrotoxicity. We present an explainable QSAR framework that predicts urinary tract toxicity of defined chemicals using mechanistically relevant 2D molecular descriptors. A curated set of 209 structurally diverse compounds was annotated by dose-based EPA LD₅₀ thresholds, ensuring toxicological relevance and chemical definition. Following rigorous preprocessing, 1444 descriptors were reduced to 11 variables capturing polarity, hydrogen-bonding capacity, and charge distribution. Twelve machine-learning algorithms were evaluated, and Random Forest performed best (accuracy = 84.13 %, AUC = 0.86). SHAP analyses provided global and compound-level explanations, implicating descriptor patterns consistent with epithelial barrier disruption, oxidative stress, and altered membrane permeability as drivers of toxicity. External test performance and applicability-domain assessment supported robust generalization across chemical space, with performance metrics comparable to those reported for earlier urinary and renal toxicity models. This work provides a transparent <em>in silico</em> tool for early safety evaluation that complements existing approaches by emphasizing mechanistic interpretability, supporting risk assessment for chemicals in the human environment, and fostering 3Rs by reducing reliance on animal testing. The models enable rapid screening and mechanistic interpretation to inform safer-by-design chemistry and regulatory decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 115922"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145838135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}