Food and Chemical Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Black phosphorus nanomaterials mediate size-dependent acute lung injury by promoting macrophage polarization","authors":"Mingtao Wu ,&nbsp;Jie Zeng ,&nbsp;Wanru Huang ,&nbsp;Fengkai Ruan,&nbsp;Zhenghong Zuo,&nbsp;Liang Bu,&nbsp;Chengyong He","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Black phosphorus nanomaterials (BPNM) exhibit excellent properties and potential applications in electronics, but workers may face inhalation exposure during BPNM production. In addition, there is a lack of biosafety assessments regarding respiratory exposure to BPNM of different sizes. In this study, we investigated the lung toxicity in mice exposed to 5, 50, 500 μg/kg of black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) and black phosphorus nanosheet (BPNS) via single tracheal instillation. The average diameter of the BPQDs and BPNS were 13.48 ± 4.82 nm and 325.53 ± 165.17 nm, respectively. Twenty-four hours after exposure, both BPQDs and BPNS caused acute lung injury, characterized by bronchial wall thickening, alveolar collapse, increased lamellar bodies, and immune cell infiltration. BPNS exposure resulted in reduced gene expression of pulmonary surfactant proteins <em>Spb</em> and <em>Spc</em>. Additionally, both BPQDs and BPNS increased inflammatory factors gene expression and induced lung macrophages polarization, with BPNS demonstrating a more significant effect. This study is the first to show that BPQDs and BPNS induced acute lung injury and inflammation in mice, with BPNS being more toxic. These findings are crucial for enhancing the biosafety assessment of BPNM and advancing technologies to improve the safety of nanomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 115219"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142884926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single and combined effect of chrysin and N-acetylcysteine against deltamethrin exposure in rats","authors":"Ahmet Eker ,&nbsp;Gökhan Eraslan","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effects of chrysin and N-acetylcysteine on deltamethrin exposure in rats were investigated. Eighty male Wistar Albino rats, weighing between 150 and 200 g and aged 2–3 months, were used and evenly allocated into eight groups. The control group of rats received a corn oil vehicle. Chrysin (50 mg/kg.bw), N-acetylcysteine (50 mg/kg.bw), a combination of chrysin and N-acetylcysteine, deltamethrin (10 mg/kg.bw), deltamethrin combined with chrysin, deltamethrin combined with N-acetylcysteine, and a combination of deltamethrin, chrysin, and N-acetylcysteine were administered via oral gavage for a duration of 21 days. Tissue (liver, kidney, brain, testis, heart, lung) and blood of oxidative stress markers (MDA, NO, GSH, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GR, GST, G6PD), hepatic caspase 3, 9 and p53 protein levels, biochemical parameters (glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, BUN, creatinine, uric acid, total protein, albumin, LDH, AST, ALT, ALP, PChE activities/levels), as well as rat body/organ weights and plasma/liver deltamethrin concentrations. The administration of chrysin and N-acetylcysteine independently did not alter the assessed parameters. Significant differences were observed in most parameters assessed in the deltamethrin-alone group compared to the control group, whereas the parameter values in the groups treated with chrysin, NAC, or their combination with deltamethrin were similar to those of the control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 115191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142811529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the therapeutic potential of lupeol: A review of its mechanisms, clinical applications, and advances in bioavailability enhancement","authors":"Xia Luo ,&nbsp;Ji Li ,&nbsp;Zhifeng Cen ,&nbsp;Gang Feng ,&nbsp;Meiqi Hong ,&nbsp;Lizhen Huang ,&nbsp;Qinqiang Long","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lupeol, a naturally occurring triterpenoid, has garnered significant attention for its diverse range of biological activities and potential therapeutic applications. This comprehensive review delves into the various aspects of lupeol, including its sources, extraction methods, chemical characteristics, pharmacokinetics, safety evaluation, mechanisms of action, and applications in disease treatment. We highlight the compound's unique carbon skeleton and its role in inflammation regulation, antioxidant activity, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects. The review also underscores lupeol's potential in cancer therapy, cardiovascular protection, metabolic disease management, and wound healing. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives of lupeol's clinical application, emphasizing the need for further research to improve its bioavailability and explore its full therapeutic potential. The review concludes by recognizing the significance of lupeol in drug development and healthcare, with expectations for future breakthroughs in medical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 115193"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142811410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From food-to-human microplastics and nanoplastics exposure and health effects: A review on food, animal and human monitoring data","authors":"Flavia Ruggieri ,&nbsp;Beatrice Battistini ,&nbsp;Angela Sorbo ,&nbsp;Marta Senofonte ,&nbsp;Veruscka Leso ,&nbsp;Ivo Iavicoli ,&nbsp;Beatrice Bocca","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review figures out the overall status on the presence of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in food and their bioaccumulation in animal and human tissues, providing critical insights into possible human health impacts. Data are discussed on both <em>in-vivo</em> and <em>ex-vivo</em> animal and human studies, and the role of physicochemical properties in determining the biological fate and toxicological effects of MPs and NPs. Particular attention is given to dietary exposure assessments, specifically evaluating daily intake through the consumption of contaminated food items. The current limitations in the body of knowledge and some considerations for future assessments are also reported. Overall, there is a pressing need to establish more robust biomarker research and develop standardized methodologies, for a better understanding of MPs and NPs fate and associated effects in more realistic scenarios for their safe consumption. The review underscores the importance of integrating the human biomonitoring into monitoring programs and interdisciplinary research to ultimately inform on MPs and NPs real burden in the human body.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 115209"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cathinone metabolism and biliary excretion in an ex-vivo pig liver model: Example of 4-Cl-PVP and eutylone","authors":"Romain Pelletier ,&nbsp;Brendan Le Daré ,&nbsp;Thomas Kerforne ,&nbsp;Nicolas Patou Parvedy ,&nbsp;Florian Lemaitre ,&nbsp;Camille Tron ,&nbsp;Kevin Maunand ,&nbsp;Anne Corlu ,&nbsp;Isabelle Morel ,&nbsp;Michel Rayar ,&nbsp;Thomas Gicquel","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Recently, the pig liver model perfused <em>ex vivo</em> using a normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) has been proposed as a suitable model to study xenobiotic metabolism and biliary excretion. The aim of our study is to describe the metabolism of NPS such as cathinones (with a focus on 4-Cl-PVP and eutylone) in blood and bile, using a normothermic perfused pig liver model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Livers (n = 4) from male large white pigs, 3–4 months of age and weighing approximately 75–80 kg, were harvested and reperfused onto an NMP (LiverAssist®, XVIVO) using autologous whole blood at 38 °C. 4-Cl-PVP and eutylone were administered as a bolus in the circulating blood at T0 with the aim of achieving a concentration of 1 μg/mL in the reperfusion system. The assays were carried out on plasma and bile between 0 and 120 min after cathinone administration using an targeted and untargeted approaches based on liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (Q-Exactive Thermo Scientific®).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In plasma, the concentration of 4-Cl-PVP and eutylone decreased rapidly with elimination half-lives of 4 min and 0.25 min, respectively. Their phase I and phase II metabolites were detected in plasma as early as 1 min. In bile, 4-Cl-PVP and eutylone were detected with maximum intensity between 0 and 30 min post-administration, and the main metabolites found in plasma were found in bile. Phase II derivatives showed increasing biliary excretion over time up to 120 min.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The pig liver model perfused <em>ex vivo</em> using an NMP represent a promising model in pharmaco-toxicology, particularly for toxicokinetic investigations of cathinones. This model may be of interest in the absence of authentic cases of cathinone consumption or other NPS consumption to identify relevant metabolites consumption markers. In addition, the possibility of collecting bile in this model represents an additional advantage for studying biliary excretion of NPS and their metabolites in forensic toxicology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 115217"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142963324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary exposure to mixtures of chemicals in the first year of life and allergic and respiratory diseases up to 8 years in the French EDEN mother-child cohort","authors":"Manel Ghozal ,&nbsp;Rosalie Delvert ,&nbsp;Karine Adel-Patient ,&nbsp;Muriel Tafflet ,&nbsp;Isabella Annesi-Maesano ,&nbsp;Amélie Crépet ,&nbsp;Véronique Sirot ,&nbsp;Marie Aline Charles ,&nbsp;Barbara Heude ,&nbsp;Manik Kadawathagedara ,&nbsp;Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure to environmental chemicals has been associated with higher risk of childhood allergies. This study aimed to examine the association between infant's dietary exposure to mixtures of chemicals and allergic and respiratory multimorbidity in childhood.</div><div>Dietary exposures were assessed at 8 and 12 months in 724 and 745 children of the EDEN cohort. Allergic and respiratory multimorbidity clusters were identified using latent class analyses. Associations between dietary exposure to mixtures of chemicals and allergic clusters were assessed by adjusted multinomial logistic regressions.</div><div>At 8 months, higher exposure to a mixture of furans, trace elements, dioxins and PAHs was positively associated with the “asthma only” cluster, while moderate exposure to a mixture of PAHs, pesticides, PCBs and acrylamide was negatively associated with this cluster. A mixture of PCBs and BFRs was positively associated with the “multi-morbidity” cluster. Exposure to a mixture of pesticides and trace elements was positively associated with the “allergy without asthma” cluster. At 12-months, higher exposure to a mixture of trace elements and pesticides was positively associated with “multi-morbidity” cluster.</div><div>The differences in findings between the two ages suggest the need for further studies to explore this critical window of chemical exposure and its impact on children's health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 115167"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct, rapid, non-destructive and ‘white’ multielemental toxicological analysis of hazardous elements with health risk assessment in candies and wrappers from Polish flea markets using portable XRF spectroscopy","authors":"Adrian Frydrych ,&nbsp;Kamil Jurowski","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elemental analysis of solid candy and wrapper samples from Polish flea markets was conducted using portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF), a fast, cost-effective, and non-destructive technique. Hazardous elements were detected in candies, including Ni (5.20 ± 0.56 μg/g), Fe (17.28 ± 1.03 μg/g), Ba (41.23 ± 7.10 μg/g), Cr (9.63 ± 2.30 μg/g), Cd (0.56 ± 0.33 μg/g), and Cu (7.30 ± 1.15 μg/g), while wrappers contained high levels of Ti (13073.31 ± 106.80 μg/g), Sb (158.29 ± 5.28 μg/g), and Ba (2081.01 ± 36.42 μg/g). Health risk assessments showed Ni and Cd exceeding acceptable limits, posing risks for children consuming three candies daily. Non-carcinogenic risks from Ba and Cd also surpassed provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) values. Minimal migration between wrappers and candies was observed, but extreme conditions may increase contamination. The study highlights the need for stricter food safety regulations and adoption of pXRF for rapid, non-invasive detection of hazardous elements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 115208"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142870799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deoxynivalenol induces spleen damage, apoptosis, and inflammation in mice by increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species: Protective effects of curcumin","authors":"Yuming Kuang ,&nbsp;Zuoyao Wu ,&nbsp;Yuqin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deoxynivalenol (DON), a <em>Fusarium</em> mycotoxin, causes spleen apoptosis and inflammation, which damage the organ. Curcumin (Cur) is a member of the ginger family. It has anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects that maintain the health of the organism's immune system. Here, the protective effects of Cur against DON-induced spleen damage were explored. First, we found DON (2.4 mg/kg body weight) decreased the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase, mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate, and disturbed hematoxylin and eosin staining in mice spleen. The results confirmed that DON causes mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) overproduction leading to spleen damage. Second, we found DON decreased the expression of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and increased the expression of nuclear AIF, Bcl2-associated X (Bax), cysteine-aspartate protease-3 (caspase-3), caspase-9. Mitoquinone is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant that can prevent of mitochondrial oxidative damage. These expression increases were not observed in the mitoquinone-treated group, confirming that mtROS was an upstream regulatory target of apoptosis and inflammation in DON-exposed mice spleens. Finally, we confirmed that Cur (50 or 100 mg/kg body weight) attenuated DON-induced apoptosis and inflammation by inactivating mtROS. Collectively, these results confirm that DON causes spleen damage by increasing mtROS, and the protective effects of curcumin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 115200"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142821578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E-Cigarette effects on oral health: A molecular perspective","authors":"Vengatesh Ganapathy ,&nbsp;Ravindran Jaganathan ,&nbsp;Mayilvanan Chinnaiyan ,&nbsp;Gautham Chengizkhan ,&nbsp;Balaji Sadhasivam ,&nbsp;Jimmy Manyanga ,&nbsp;Ilangovan Ramachandran ,&nbsp;Lurdes Queimado","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have emerged as a potential alternative to traditional smoking and may aid in tobacco harm reduction and smoking cessation. E-cigarette use has notably increased, especially among young non-tobacco users, raising concerns due to the unknown long-term health effects. The oral cavity is the first and one of the most crucial anatomical sites for the deposition of e-cigarette aerosols. E-cigarette aerosols contain nicotine, flavors, volatile organic compounds, heavy metals, carcinogens, and other hazardous substances. These aerosols impact the oral cavity, disrupting host-microbial interactions and triggering gingivitis and systemic diseases. Furthermore, oral inflammation and periodontitis can be caused by proinflammatory cytokines induced by e-cigarette aerosols. The toxic components of e-cigarette aerosols increase the cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, reduce antioxidant capacity, increase DNA damage, and disrupt repair processes, which may further contribute to harmful effects on oral epithelum, leading to inflammatory and pre-malignant oral epithelial lesions. In this review, we analyze the toxicological properties of compounds in e-cigarette aerosols, exploring their cytotoxic, genotoxic, and inflammatory effects on oral health and delving into the underlying molecular mechanisms. Further research is essential to understand the impact of e-cigarettes on oral health and make informed regulatory decisions based on reliable scientific evidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 115216"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Quercetin against fluoride-induced neurotoxicity in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats: A stereological, histochemical and behavioral study","authors":"Parinaz Javanbakht ,&nbsp;Afshin Talebinasab ,&nbsp;Reza Asadi-Golshan ,&nbsp;Maryam Shabani ,&nbsp;Iraj Ragerdi Kashani ,&nbsp;Sina Mojaverrostami","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2024.115126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Exposure to high levels of fluoride leads to brain developmental and functional damage. Motor performance deficits, learning and memory dysfunctions are related to fluoride neurotoxicity in human and rodent studies.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Here, we evaluated the effects of Quercetin treatment (25 mg/kg) against sodium fluoride-induced neurotoxicity (NaF, 200 ppm) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of male adult rats based on oxidative markers, behavioral performances, mRNA expressions, and stereological parameters. After a 4-week experimental period, the brains of rats were collected and used for molecular and histological analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that 4 weeks of NaF exposure decreased body weight, working memory, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression, total volume of mPFC, number of neurons and non-neuronal cells in the mPFC, and anti-oxidative markers (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px), while increased lipid peroxidation, P53 mRNA expression and anxiety. Quercetin treatment could significantly reverse the neurotoxic effect of NaF in the mPFC.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In summary, Quercetin could decrease the detrimental effects of NaF in the mPFC of adult rats by improving antioxidant potency and consequently decreasing neuronal and non-neuronal apoptosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 115126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142754410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}