Bioactive molecules in wheat “Senatore Cappelli" food chain: Extraction, analysis, processing, and beneficial properties

IF 3.9 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2025.115475

Federica Armeli , Marzia Beccaccioli , Sabrina Antonia Prencipe , Emily Schifano , Daniela Tufi , Elisa Brasili , Alessia Cottarelli , Ottavia Giampaoli , Beatrice Mengoni , Alfredo Miccheli , Alessandro Pinto , Fabio Sciubba , Daniela Uccelletti , Rita Businaro , Giuliana Vinci , Massimo Reverberi , Maria De Giusti

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Abstract

Ancient grains, once forgotten due to the dominance of high-yield modern crops, are making a comeback due to concerns over biodiversity loss and global food challenges. This study examines the nutritional composition, safety, and health benefits of Senatore Cappelli, an ancient Italian durum wheat variety (SCW), highlighting its potential as a functional food. Using a multi-method approach, SCW was analyzed across four food chain stages (seeds, flour, pasta, and chaff) for compositional changes, phytochemical content, and safety. The safety of raw material was assessed by determination of biogenic amines, pesticides, mycotoxins and pathogenic microorganisms. The chemical profile detected by NMR spectroscopy revealed the presence of bioactive molecules such as phenolic acids and carotenoids in the case of chaff. The toxicity of ethanolic extracts was evaluated using in vitro assays on murine BV-2 microglial cells and in vivo assays on Caenorhabditis elegans animal model. No cytotoxic effects were detected at concentrations up to 250 ng/mL for chaff extract and 1000 ng/mL for seed, flour, and pasta extracts. Additionally, SCW extracts extended the lifespan of C. elegans, indicating potential anti-aging and health-promoting properties.

These results position SCW as a valuable resource for enhancing bioactive compounds, supporting its reintroduction into modern diets and its use in functional food development.

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小麦“Senatore Cappelli”食物链中的生物活性分子：提取、分析、加工和有益特性

由于高产现代作物的主导地位，曾经被遗忘的古代谷物，由于对生物多样性丧失和全球粮食挑战的担忧，正在卷土重来。本研究考察了意大利古代硬粒小麦品种（SCW） Senatore Cappelli的营养成分、安全性和健康益处，强调了其作为功能性食品的潜力。采用多方法方法，分析了SCW在四个食物链阶段（种子、面粉、面食和谷壳）的成分变化、植物化学含量和安全性。通过生物胺、农药、真菌毒素和病原微生物的检测，对原料的安全性进行了评价。核磁共振光谱检测的化学特征揭示了糠中存在生物活性分子，如酚酸和类胡萝卜素。通过体外对小鼠BV-2小胶质细胞和体内对秀丽隐杆线虫动物模型的毒性试验，评价了乙醇提取物的毒性。在浓度高达250 ng/mL的糠提取物和1000 ng/mL的种子、面粉和面食提取物中未检测到细胞毒性作用。此外，SCW提取物延长秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命，表明潜在的抗衰老和促进健康的特性。这些结果表明，SCW是增强生物活性化合物的宝贵资源，支持其重新引入现代饮食和在功能食品开发中的应用。

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来源期刊

Food and Chemical Toxicology 工程技术-毒理学

CiteScore

10.90

自引率

4.70%

发文量

651

审稿时长

31 days

期刊介绍： Food and Chemical Toxicology (FCT), an internationally renowned journal, that publishes original research articles and reviews on toxic effects, in animals and humans, of natural or synthetic chemicals occurring in the human environment with particular emphasis on food, drugs, and chemicals, including agricultural and industrial safety, and consumer product safety. Areas such as safety evaluation of novel foods and ingredients, biotechnologically-derived products, and nanomaterials are included in the scope of the journal. FCT also encourages submission of papers on inter-relationships between nutrition and toxicology and on in vitro techniques, particularly those fostering the 3 Rs. The principal aim of the journal is to publish high impact, scholarly work and to serve as a multidisciplinary forum for research in toxicology. Papers submitted will be judged on the basis of scientific originality and contribution to the field, quality and subject matter. Studies should address at least one of the following: -Adverse physiological/biochemical, or pathological changes induced by specific defined substances -New techniques for assessing potential toxicity, including molecular biology -Mechanisms underlying toxic phenomena -Toxicological examinations of specific chemicals or consumer products, both those showing adverse effects and those demonstrating safety, that meet current standards of scientific acceptability. Authors must clearly and briefly identify what novel toxic effect (s) or toxic mechanism (s) of the chemical are being reported and what their significance is in the abstract. Furthermore, sufficient doses should be included in order to provide information on NOAEL/LOAEL values.