AME Case Reports最新文献

{"title":"Interference of recombinant human interferon α2b in human chorionic gonadotropin assays: a case report and clinical analysis.","authors":"Fei Tong, Zhenying Wu, Zhenxu Lan, Fujin Fang, Leping Ning","doi":"10.21037/acr-2025-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/acr-2025-61","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recombinant human interferon α2b (rhIFN-α2b) is a widely used antiviral and immune-modulating agent. However, its potential to interfere with immunoassays, particularly human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) tests, has not been extensively documented. This case report highlights the challenges of interpreting hCG assay results in the context of rhIFN-α2b therapy.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 24-year-old female presented with amenorrhea for over 40 days, and tested positive for urine hCG using the colloidal gold method (124 IU/L). However, her serum β-hCG measured by electrochemiluminescence was <0.200 IU/L, and her progesterone was 29.3 nmol/L. A further analysis across platforms revealed that the Roche, Beckman, and Mindray chemiluminescence methods were unaffected by rhIFN-α2b, while the colloidal gold urine hCG, quantitative immunochromatography, and Abbott chemiluminescence assays were affected by rhIFN-α2b. This interference likely stems from the immunomodulatory effects of rhIFN-α2b, which can cause non-specific binding to assay antibodies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case underscores the importance of using multiple testing platforms and conducting thorough clinical assessments to avoid false-positive results. It also highlights the need for assay developers to consider epitope targeting in reagent design to minimize interference. Clinicians and laboratory professionals should be aware of the potential for rhIFN-α2b to cause assay interference and collaborate closely to ensure accurate interpretation of test results. This case calls for further research into the prevalence of rhIFN-α2b-induced hCG assay interference and the development of strategies to mitigate its impact on clinical diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":29752,"journal":{"name":"AME Case Reports","volume":"9 ","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pityriasis rosea-like eruption induced by omalizumab: a case report of a rare side effect.","authors":"Lamia Alakrash, Lama Alzamil, Mohammed Aljughayman, Salman Almalki","doi":"10.21037/acr-24-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/acr-24-114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Omalizumab is a monoclonal humanized antibody used as a third-line treatment for chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). While it has shown significant efficacy in controlling urticaria symptoms, it is also associated with various adverse effects. Cutaneous side effects of omalizumab have been reported, but the mechanisms underlying these reactions are not fully understood. This case report describes a patient who developed a maculopapular rash after receiving the 8th dose of omalizumab, which has not been previously reported.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>The patient in this case was a 46-year-old male with CSU who had been receiving omalizumab injections every four weeks. After the 8th dose, he developed a generalized itchy erythematous skin eruption six days after the injection. The rash progressively worsened over a two-week period. Interestingly, the patient had experienced a milder skin reaction after the 6th dose, which resolved on its own. A skin biopsy showed mild interstitial edema in the dermis with a mild perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes and eosinophils, consistent with a drug-induced eruption. The patient was advised to hold the next dose of omalizumab and was managed with topical steroids. Significant improvement and resolution of the lesions were observed, and no recurrence or relapse was reported after the patient resumed omalizumab.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case adds to the existing literature by reporting a pityriasis rosea-like eruption as an adverse reaction to omalizumab, which has not been extensively documented. The delayed onset and progressive nature of the rash after the 8th dose, as well as the milder previous reaction after the 6th dose, highlight the importance of considering omalizumab as a potential cause of various cutaneous reactions. Physicians should be vigilant in monitoring patients receiving omalizumab for any signs of skin eruptions or other adverse effects. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying cutaneous reactions to omalizumab and to establish guidelines for their management. This case emphasizes the need for ongoing attention to potential side effects or reactions in patients receiving omalizumab.</p>","PeriodicalId":29752,"journal":{"name":"AME Case Reports","volume":"9 ","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144062358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life-threatening interstitial lung disease with adjuvant osimertinib after complete resection of non-small cell lung cancer: a case report.","authors":"Takatoshi Osako, Teruhisa Takuwa, Yusuke Shindo","doi":"10.21037/acr-24-203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/acr-24-203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This case report describes a rare and severe instance of osimertinib-induced interstitial lung disease (ILD) requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation during postoperative adjuvant therapy following lung cancer resection. This is the most severe reported case, necessitating intensive care. While severe ILD during adjuvant therapy is uncommon, its incidence may increase as osimertinib use expands.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 68-year-old nonsmoking female with no history of ILD underwent left lower lobectomy for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (stage IIB, pT3N0M0). Following adjuvant cisplatin and vinorelbine chemotherapy, osimertinib (80 mg/day) was initiated. Thirty-five days later, she developed acute respiratory distress and hypoxemia [saturation of percutaneous oxygen (SpO2) 78% on room air], rendering her unable to walk without assistance. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed diffuse ground-glass opacities across both lungs. Osimertinib was discontinued, and methylprednisolone (500 mg/day) was started; however, oxygenation rapidly deteriorated, leading to intubation and mechanical ventilation the following day. The patient was diagnosed with severe grade IV ILD induced by osimertinib. After 5 days of methylprednisolone, treatment was switched to prednisolone (60 mg/day), but oxygenation worsened, and pulmonary infiltrates reappeared on CT. Methylprednisolone (500 mg/day) was reintroduced for 5 days. The partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood (PaO2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio then improved, and prednisolone was gradually tapered from 1 mg/kg with a weekly reduction of 10 mg based on clinical and radiologic improvement. The patient was discharged on day 72 with prednisolone 30 mg/day. Although respiratory symptoms improved significantly, she required long-term home oxygen therapy due to residual hypoxemia during exertion.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case underscores the potentially life-threatening nature of osimertinib-induced ILD in adjuvant therapy. Careful patient selection, thorough risk assessment, and vigilant monitoring are crucial for early detection and management. Given the increasing use of osimertinib in postoperative settings, further research is needed to better understand and mitigate the risks associated with this therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":29752,"journal":{"name":"AME Case Reports","volume":"9 ","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failure of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors osimertinib and erlotinib to manage a patient with EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma: a case report.","authors":"Malik W Z Khan, Muhammad Ahmad, Salma Qudrat, Long Tu, Salman Khan, Ekrem Yetiskul, Samra Iftikhar","doi":"10.21037/acr-24-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/acr-24-122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lung adenocarcinoma, a type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is the most common type of lung cancer among non-smokers. Lung adenocarcinoma in exon 19 deletion (E19del) mutation-positive cases respond well to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Our case demonstrates the development of resistance to first- and third-generation TKIs in a 48-year-old woman with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive advanced NSCLC.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 48 years old woman with no smoking history and no family history of cancer was diagnosed with EGFR mutation-positive advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Molecular analysis indicated a positive EGFR E19del mutation and a positive T790M mutation, and after two rounds of chemotherapy, the patient was treated with osimertinib for 2 years. However, the patient started to experience recurring chest discomfort, dyspnea, insomnia, and bone pain while being treated. A whole-body computed tomography (CT) scan at that time revealed metastasis of the tumor to the paraaortic lymph nodes and lumbar spine. A repeat analysis revealed that the T790M mutation had disappeared while other mutations remained unchanged, and she was switched to erlotinib as per the evidence for the use of erlotinib in osimertinib-resistant lung cancer. The patient developed cutaneous adverse reactions and, although her symptoms subsided initially for 6 months, she developed morning headaches and worsening insomnia. A repeat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed metastasis to the frontal and occipital lobes of her brain, indicating failure of erlotinib treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Resistance development to TKIs poses a significant challenge to the treatment of EGFR mutation-positive advanced lung adenocarcinoma, owing to the scarce availability of further pharmacological agents post-TKIs. This case illustrates the significance of prompt recognition of resistance to erlotinib and osimertinib and highlights the importance of further research to prevent treatment failure and hence, to deter metastatic progression of the tumor in patients with advanced NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":29752,"journal":{"name":"AME Case Reports","volume":"9 ","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PIK3CA inhibitor treatment for metastatic scrotal extramammary Paget's disease: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Yuanqiong Huang, Siying Dong, Jianqing Ren, Jinyan Li, Chenwang Wu, Hongbo Chen, Yujie Liu, Jia Yuan, Jun Huang, Lin Xiao","doi":"10.21037/acr-24-170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/acr-24-170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare intraepithelial adenocarcinoma that occurs in the genitals, axilla, and anus, where apocrine sweat glands are abundant. This disease is mainly characterized by localized lesions and rare distant metastasis. Scrotal Paget's disease is a rare type of EMPD, and there is no standard treatment for metastatic EMPD.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>Here, we reported the genetic results of a patient with a <i>PIK3CA</i> gene mutation in scrotal Paget's disease who developed multiple metastases to the lymph nodes, liver, and bones during adjuvant radiotherapy, as well as the results of treatment with a PIK3CA inhibitor. The latest advances in this field were also summarized. The treatment response was evaluated as stable disease (SD) after 6 courses of docetaxel plus tegafur (DS regimen) chemotherapy. Then, a second-line treatment, a PIK3CA inhibitor, WX390, was administered with tolerable toxicity. There was a treatment-induced increase in blood glucose level during treatment, and insulin was administrated with good control. The progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.9 months and the overall survival (OS) was 16 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>PIK3CA</i> is a commonly mutated gene in EMPD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a PIK3CA inhibitor for the treatment of primary metastatic EMPD, and the treatment efficacy was good. PIK3CA inhibitors may be promising for the treatment of metastatic EMPD in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":29752,"journal":{"name":"AME Case Reports","volume":"9 ","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare etiology of acute abdomen: a falciform ligament necrosis case report.","authors":"Hugo Steyaert, Nour Kassab, Abdelilah Mehdi, Sorin Cimpean","doi":"10.21037/acr-24-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/acr-24-168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Falciform ligament necrosis (FLN) is a rare and challenging condition often presenting with nonspecific symptoms resembling more common abdominal pathologies.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>Here, we present a case of a 61-year-old male, admitted to emergencies with severe abdominal pain and one episode of vomiting. The patient initially diagnosed with mild acute pancreatitis and probable cholecystitis. Because of its severe clinical picture, the patient was admitted to our intensive car unit. Subsequent imaging revealed progression to gangrenous cholecystitis. Decision was taken to drain the gallbladder under computed tomography (CT) scan. Despite antibiotic therapy, the patient developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), necessitating intubation. Upon stabilization, an exploratory laparoscopy revealed infected necrosis of the falciform ligament, prompting resection and drainage. Postoperatively, the patient presented a progressive clinical and biological amelioration. The drain was removed and the follow-up was uneventful. A laparoscopic cholecystectomy was scheduled 3 months later.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FLN poses diagnostic challenges due to its nonspecific symptoms and tendency to mimic other abdominal pathologies. Diagnostic laparoscopy emerges as a valuable tool for both confirmation and treatment, enabling necrotic tissue excision and effective drainage. This case underscores the importance of considering rare entities like FLN in the differential diagnosis of abdominal acute pain, with laparoscopic intervention offering a definitive therapeutic option.</p>","PeriodicalId":29752,"journal":{"name":"AME Case Reports","volume":"9 ","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late-onset damage from occupational asbestos exposure: case report.","authors":"Chaïmaâ Zeroual, Merieme Benzakour, Mina Moudatir, Khadija Echchilali, Safaâ Mourabit, Leïla Barakat, Hassan El Kabli","doi":"10.21037/acr-24-164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/acr-24-164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF), also known as Ormond's disease, is a rare condition characterized by fibrosis in the retroperitoneal space, affecting structures such as the kidneys, ureters, subrenal portion of the abdominal aorta, and the inferior vena cava. While idiopathic RPF is the most common form, it is crucial to rule out secondary causes, which may include certain medications, neoplasms, infections, surgical interventions, or environmental exposures. Prolonged occupational exposure to asbestos is recognized as a rare yet significant cause of RPF.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>We present the case of a 64-year-old male patient from Casablanca with no notable medical history who reported right low back pain without accompanying fever and exhibited signs of a deteriorating general condition. Clinical examination revealed tenderness upon palpation of the right flank and a left thyroid nodule. Ultimately, a diagnosis of RPF secondary to prolonged occupational asbestos exposure was established. The patient underwent the insertion of a right JJ stent and received combined corticosteroid therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RPF is a chronic condition with management protocols that remain largely undefined, particularly for cases secondary to prolonged occupational asbestos exposure. In benign forms of RPF, corticosteroid therapy serves as the cornerstone of treatment. However, clinicians often find it necessary to incorporate immunosuppressants to prevent frequent relapses associated with tapering or discontinuing corticosteroid therapy. Our initial experience with azathioprine (AZA) has shown promising results.</p>","PeriodicalId":29752,"journal":{"name":"AME Case Reports","volume":"9 ","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy and lactation-related osteoporosis associating multiple vertebral fragility fractures treated with romosozumab: a case report.","authors":"Hiroshi Nomura, Shigeharu Nomura","doi":"10.21037/acr-24-163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/acr-24-163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pregnancy- and lactation-related osteoporosis (PLO) is a rare condition of skeletal fragility affecting women during late pregnancy and early lactation. Patients with PLO who experience multiple, rapid-onset vertebral fractures and develop kyphosis face a poorer prognosis when diagnosis and treatment are delayed. Since there is no standard treatment protocol for patients with PLO, treatment should be individually planned. Recently, romosozumab has been recognized as one of the most effective drugs for treating patients with severe osteoporosis. Because it can dramatically increase bone mineral density (BMD) in a short period in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, it is useful for treating patients with rapidly progressive osteoporosis at a high risk of fracture. Here, we report a case of PLO associated with multiple vertebral fractures treated with romosozumab. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of romosozumab alone for PLO.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A middle-aged postpartum and lactating woman experienced back pain at 9 months of pregnancy, which worsened after delivery. PLO was diagnosed based on multiple thoracic vertebral and sacral fragility fractures and low BMD. She was treated with romosozumab, and her back pain gradually subsided. After 12 months of romosozumab treatment, her lumbar spine BMD increased by 22.1% from baseline, and no further fractures occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Twelve months of romosozumab treatment successfully improved the clinical condition of the patient with severe PLO, resulting in a remarkable increase in BMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":29752,"journal":{"name":"AME Case Reports","volume":"9 ","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent afatinib and stereotactic body radiotherapy in patient with oligometastatic <i>EGFR</i>-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Lisi Sun, Dan Tao, Yuyu Lv, Chunyu Wang, Yue Xie, Wei Zhou","doi":"10.21037/acr-24-174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/acr-24-174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epidermal growth factor receptor (<i>EGFR</i>)-mutated patients treated with target therapy are inevitable to develop resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). It has been proved that concurrent stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and the first-generation TKIs can prolong both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of <i>EGFR</i>-mutated patients with limited metastases. However, the efficacy and safety of concomitant second-generation TKIs and SBRT is still unknown.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>We for the first time present a stage IVA patient with mutation of both <i>EGFR</i> G719X and L861Q, who after initial response, had developed intracranial progression during afatinib monotherapy. With local treatment for the brain metastasis, she continued to receive afatinib and then a concurrent consolidative lung SBRT. Until January 2023, the patient had achieved a PFS of 24 months and OS of 32 months without serious adverse events except for a grade 1 radiation pneumonitis after the lung SBRT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>With this case and a literature review, we aim to demonstrate that concurrent afatinib and consolidative SBRT can bring prognostic benefits to oligometastatic NSCLC patients with uncommon <i>EGFR</i> mutations with good tolerance. However, larger studies with longer follow-up, including randomized controlled trials, are needed to better define the response rates, survival outcomes, and toxicity profiles of this combined therapy. Additionally, further research is required to determine the optimal timing for introducing SBRT in conjunction with afatinib.</p>","PeriodicalId":29752,"journal":{"name":"AME Case Reports","volume":"9 ","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic myeloid leukemia in a patient treated with palbociclib and exemestane: a case report.","authors":"Lishan Xu, Lu Gan, Shuai Song","doi":"10.21037/acr-24-224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/acr-24-224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide. Hormone receptor-positive (HR⁺), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2^-) breast cancer constitutes the predominant subtype, accounting for approximately 70% of all breast cancer cases. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, in conjunction with endocrine therapy (ET), have been used as the standard treatment for patients diagnosed with HR⁺ advanced breast cancer. The hematological adverse effects associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors include leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia, but the incidence of hematological malignancies following treatment with these agents remains relatively rare.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>In this study, we present a case of a 71-year-old woman who was diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer and subsequently developed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) following her treatment regimen with palbociclib and exemestane. In response to this new diagnosis, the patient commenced therapy with imatinib mesylate while discontinuing palbociclib and receiving exemestane alone for breast cancer. After three months of diligent therapy with imatinib, chronic myeloid leukemia was effectively managed, which permitted the reintroduction of palbociclib at a reduced dosage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case underscores the pressing need for further research to enhance our understanding of the adverse events associated with treatment using CDK4/6 inhibitors, particularly concerning their effects on the hematological system. Additionally, it highlights the significance of long-term monitoring in clinical practice for patients receiving therapy with CDK4/6 inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":29752,"journal":{"name":"AME Case Reports","volume":"9 ","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}