International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Association between body roundness index trajectories and the risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in Chinese middle-aged and older adults: Evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study","authors":"Laixi Zhang ,&nbsp;Mi Yan ,&nbsp;Chunyu Hu,&nbsp;Yuanling Tao,&nbsp;Zhen Cheng,&nbsp;Yalan Zhang,&nbsp;Jiayang Shi,&nbsp;Bing Zou,&nbsp;Li Sun,&nbsp;Zongtao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) is a growing global public health concern, particularly among aging populations. Body Roundness Index (BRI), a novel anthropometric measure reflecting visceral adiposity, may outperform BMI in predicting cardiometabolic risk. This study aimed to investigate the association between longitudinal BRI trajectories and the risk of CMM in a longitudinal cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>8412 participants were ultimately selected from in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study database. BRI measurements were repeatedly obtained from these participants between 2011 and 2016. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was applied to identify BRI trajectories from 2011 to 2016, with CMM between 2017 and 2020 designated as the primary outcome. We executed a Cox proportional hazards regression model to assess the association between BRI trajectories and the incidence of CMM. In the sensitivity analysis, we stratified cumulative BRI into quartiles to assess whether the association with CMM remained consistent.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Based on the GBTM, participants were categorized into three distinct BRI trajectory groups. These groups, labeled Low-stable, Moderate-stable, and High-stable, comprised 48.23 %, 42.21 %, and 9.56 % of the study population, respectively. Compared to the Low-stable group, Moderate-stable (HR = 1.99, 95 % CI: 1.69–2.35) and High-stable (HR = 2.88, 95 % CI: 2.28–3.63) groups had significantly increased risks of CMM. Subgroup analyses revealed a significant interaction between BMI level and BRI trajectory on CMM outcomes. Sensitivity results supported these findings.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Persistently high BRI trajectories significantly increase CMM risk. BRI is a simple, noninvasive marker with public health utility for early identification and prevention of cardiometabolic diseases, especially in resource-limited settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 200556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on: “Association between body roundness index trajectories and the risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in Chinese middle-aged and older adults: Evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study”","authors":"Bin Cao ,&nbsp;Bingning Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2026.200578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2026.200578","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 200578"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical efficacy comparison between extracorporeal shock wave therapy and enhanced external counterpulsation for coronary heart disease","authors":"Ting Zhao ,&nbsp;Suping Lan ,&nbsp;Yun Zhang ,&nbsp;Yupin Dong ,&nbsp;Lunyan Lu ,&nbsp;Xu Chen ,&nbsp;Song Li ,&nbsp;Yuncheng Li ,&nbsp;Shen Wang ,&nbsp;Yue Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaofan Wu ,&nbsp;Xinjian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2026.200574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2026.200574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of extracorporeal cardiac shock wave therapy(CSWT) and enhanced external counterpulsation(EECP),both individually and in combination,in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD),and to explore effective non-invasive treatment strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 259 patients with CAD admitted between January 2023 and June 2024 were enrolled and randomly assigned to four groups:the Control group(n = 65) received conventional medication only; the EECP group(n = 65) received conventional medication plus EECP treatment(EECP; total duration 36 h); the CSWT group(n = 64) received conventional medication plus CSWT therapy(CSWT; total duration 4.5 h); and the Combination group(EECP + CSWT group,n = 65) received conventional medication combined with both CSWT(4.5 h) and EECP(36 h).Coronary stenosis severity, cardiac function indices, blood biochemistry and other indicators were evaluated at baseline and 12 months after treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Baseline characteristics showed no significant differences among the groups(P &gt; 0.05). After 12 months of treatment, the Gensini score of the EECP + CSWT group decreased by 20 points, which was significantly lower than that of the EECP group (−5 points, P &lt; 0.05), the CSWT group (−15 points, P &lt; 0.05) and the control group (−0.5 points, P &lt; 0.05). Secondly, compared with the control group, the CSWT group, EECP group and EECP + CSWT group showed more significant improvements in cardiac function and blood biochemical parameters (P &lt; 0.05). The EECP + CSWT group exhibited the most pronounced therapeutic efficacy, followed by the EECP group and the CSWT group; all three intervention groups were significantly superior to the Control group (P &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both CSWT and EECP effectively improve the severity of coronary artery disease, cardiac function,and blood biochemical parameters in CAD patients.The combination of these two therapies demonstrates synergistic effects, yielding significantly superior outcomes compared to either monotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 200574"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observational, Multicenter study on long-term Effectiveness and tolerability of aliROcumab (OMERO): an Italian real-life experience","authors":"Alberico L. Catapano ,&nbsp;Aldo Pietro Maggioni ,&nbsp;Francesco Rossi ,&nbsp;Eleonora Consolo ,&nbsp;Lucia Notarianni ,&nbsp;Giancarlo Agnelli ,&nbsp;the OMERO study group","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The OMERO study (Observational Multicenter study on Effectiveness and tolerability of aliROcumab in real-world) aimed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness, safety and adherence of alirocumab in a cohort of Italian patients with elevated cholesterol at high- or very-high cardiovascular risk.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Italian patients with elevated cholesterol received alirocumab for at least six months before the inclusion visit and were monitored for up to five years. The achievement of the recommended LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C) goal (70 mg/dL in high-risk patients; 100 mg/dL in very-high-risk patients) after one year, regardless of modifications of concurrent lipid-lowering therapy or treatment adherence, was the primary endpoint of the study. The evaluation of the lipid profile, the concomitant use of lipid-lowering therapies, the treatment adherence and the occurrence of adverse events were also investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>517 (68.6 %) of the 754 FAS patients met the primary endpoint 12 months after beginning their treatment with alirocumab. Median (mean ± SD) LDL-C reductions at the final visit (median or mean follow-up period) were −60.7 % (−57.4 % ± 19.3 %) compared to baseline. The primary endpoint was achieved by 341(70.7%) of the 482 patients with an LDL-C measurement 3 years after initiating alirocumab. Adherence to the alirocumab regimen was approximately 100 % during the observation period. Eighteen (2.3 %) of the 797 patients included in the safety population experienced at least one adverse drug reaction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The effectiveness of alirocumab in reducing LDL-C and its favorable safety and tolerability profile have been consistently confirmed in a real-world setting among Italian patients treated for up to 3 years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 200549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors for adults with familial hypercholesterolemia: A network meta-analysis","authors":"Weiwei Ding ,&nbsp;Lingyao Sun ,&nbsp;Yun Shi,&nbsp;Lei Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The comparative efficacy and safety profiles of PCSK9 inhibitors in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), including genotype-dependent treatment responses, remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Meta-Analyses guidelines. A network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials evaluating the use of PCSK9 inhibitors for the treatment of FH patients, including subgroup analyses of efficacy, was performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifteen randomized clinical trials (n = 2954 patients) were included. All PCSK9 inhibitors significantly improved lipid parameters compared to control. In heterozygous FH (HeFH) populations, ongericimab showed the greatest reductions in LDL-C (mean difference [MD]: −74.98 %), ApoB (MD: −64.64 %), and Lp(a) (MD: −59.66 %), with SUCRA rankings of 68.7 %, 63.6 %, and 95.0 %, respectively. However, these results are based on a single trial and require further validation. No significant lipid-lowering effects were observed in HoFH patients. In terms of safety, lerodalcibep showed the most favorable profile for injection-site reactions and ALT &gt;3 × ULN, with SUCRA values of 98.5 % and 96.7 %, respectively. Inclisiran was associated with a significantly higher risk of injection-site reactions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PCSK9 inhibitors generally show favorable efficacy and safety in FH patients. However, comparative rankings and point estimates should be interpreted with caution due to funnel plot asymmetry for LDL-C and imbalances in trial data. Ongericimab demonstrated promising results in HeFH, but further validation is required. Inclisiran's efficacy may be underestimated due to short-term follow-up. Monotherapy with PCSK9 inhibitors has limited efficacy in HoFH patients, highlighting the need for combination therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 200568"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic value of jugular, pulmonary and inferior vena cava ultrasound in decompensated heart failure in primary care","authors":"Victoria Cendrós ,&nbsp;Elena Navas ,&nbsp;Esther Miranzo ,&nbsp;Miguel Ángel Muñoz ,&nbsp;Laura Pirretas ,&nbsp;Leila Pifarrè ,&nbsp;Marco Inzoli ,&nbsp;Cristina Enjuanes ,&nbsp;Verónica Sierra ,&nbsp;Ana Roger ,&nbsp;Rosa Caballol-Angelats ,&nbsp;José María Verdú-Rotellar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2026.200571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2026.200571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Multiparametric ultrasound combining pulmonary and venous assessment (inferior vena cava [IVC] and internal jugular vein) is a feasible tool for characterizing hemodynamic congestion in patients with heart failure (HF) managed in Primary Care.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the short-term prognostic value of pulmonary and venous ultrasound in patients with decompensated HF treated with intravenous diuretics in community settings.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Prospective cohort study including patients with decompensated HF attended between April 2024 and September 2025 across seven Primary Care teams of the Catalan Health Institute. Clinical, analytical, and ultrasound variables (IVC, jugular vein, and 8-zone lung ultrasound) were recorded. The primary outcome was a composite of death, HF hospitalisation, or new intravenous treatment within seven days.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 197 patients were included (56.4 % women; mean age 84.7 ± 7.5 years). Signs of venous and pulmonary congestion were frequent at inclusion. Within seven days, 14.8 % of patients experienced the composite outcome. In multivariate analysis, IVC collapsibility &lt;25 % (OR 3.70; 95 % CI 1.13–14.53; p = 0.039) and prior heart failure hospitalisation (OR 4.47; 95 % CI 1.48–14.10; p = 0.008) were independently associated with events, whereas lung and jugular ultrasound parameters were not.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Multiparametric ultrasound performed in Primary Care allows identification and quantification of hemodynamic congestion in decompensated HF. Among evaluated parameters, only IVC collapsibility showed independent short-term prognostic value, supporting its integration into community-based risk stratification models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 200571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of antihypertensive drugs deprescribing in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Amal A. Alsubaiei ,&nbsp;Saud A. Alyahya ,&nbsp;Ahmed Emara ,&nbsp;Shaikha J. Aldeyain ,&nbsp;Mohammad F. Alenezi ,&nbsp;Rawan A. Almutairi ,&nbsp;Batoul H. Aljaber ,&nbsp;Izuddin A. Rawashdeh ,&nbsp;Abdel-Rahman Qamar ,&nbsp;Abdullah M. Alharran","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although antihypertensive therapy is beneficial, aggressive treatment in frail, multimorbid older adults may increase adverse outcomes such as falls and hypotension. Deprescribing has emerged as a potential strategy to reduce these risks, but evidence regarding its safety remains limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the clinical outcomes of antihypertensive deprescribing in older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, and Web of Science were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to October 2025 comparing antihypertensive deprescribing with usual care. Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause hospitalizations. Secondary outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), serious adverse events (SAEs), and falls. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) were calculated using a random-effects model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four RCTs involving 2173 participants were included. Deprescribing showed no significant difference versus usual care in all-cause mortality (RR 1.02, 95 % CI 0.93–1.12), cardiovascular mortality (RR 1.11, 95 % CI 0.80–1.55), or all-cause hospitalizations (RR 0.95, 95 % CI 0.85–1.05). No significant differences were observed for MACE (RR 1.09, 95 % CI 0.90–1.33), MI (RR 0.76, 95 % CI 0.42–1.38), stroke (RR 1.12, 95 % CI 0.66–1.89), SAEs (RR 1.08, 95 % CI 0.90–1.30), or falls (RR 1.00, 95 % CI 0.89–1.13).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In older adults, a strategy of deprescribing antihypertensive drugs was not associated with an increased risk of mortality, MACE, or other SAEs. Despite that these findings provide reassuring evidence for deprescribing strategies, the current evidence base remains limited and uncertain, warranting caution and strict clinical monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 200570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of an assessment form on promoting in-hospital initiation of sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in hospitalized patients with heart failure","authors":"Takuya Okamoto ,&nbsp;Koichiro Matsumura ,&nbsp;Hiroyo Miyata ,&nbsp;Yuta Kimoto ,&nbsp;Kazue Hamamura ,&nbsp;Keiko Kato ,&nbsp;Shohei Hakozaki ,&nbsp;Eijiro Yagi ,&nbsp;Masafumi Ueno ,&nbsp;Kimiko Fujiwara ,&nbsp;Manabu Takegami ,&nbsp;Gaku Nakazawa","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2026.200577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2026.200577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite the established benefits of in-hospital administration of sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in patients with heart failure (HF), their implementation remains insufficient. To investigate whether the use of an Assessment Form influences SGLT2i prescriptions at discharge among hospitalized patients with HF.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with HF from a prospective registry between September 2024 and August 2025 after the implementation of an Assessment Form. Patients who died during hospitalization were excluded. The Assessment Form was completed collaboratively by physicians and nurses. Physicians checked whether guideline-directed medical therapy (including SGLT2i) had been prescribed, and documented the reasons if not initiated, while nurses evaluated the patients’ pre-hospital living conditions and self-care abilities. The primary endpoint was the prescription rate of SGLT2i at discharge according to the Assessment Form.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 208 analyzed patients (median age, 81 years [range, 75–87] years, 59 % male], the Assessment Form was used by 61.1 % (127/208). The prescription rate of SGLT2i at discharge was significantly higher in patients who completed the Assessment Form than in those who did not (65.4 % vs. 45.7 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). Multivariable logistic regression identified use of the Assessment Form as an independent factor associated with SGLT2i prescription at discharge (odds ratio 2.12, 95 % confidence interval 1.04–4.32, <em>p</em> = 0.03).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Implementation of an Assessment Form was associated with increased initiation of in-hospital SGLT2i therapy. The active use of such structured forms may help promote adherence to guideline-directed therapies during hospitalization for HF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 200577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine protects against hypertension by targeting metabolic-inflammatory crosstalk via the NLRP3 inflammasome","authors":"Wenjun Li ,&nbsp;Dan Zhou ,&nbsp;Yanmei Ji ,&nbsp;Meirong Yang ,&nbsp;Yunhong Yang ,&nbsp;Mengyao Dao ,&nbsp;Xianyu He ,&nbsp;Xingfang Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hypertension is the most common chronic non-communicable disease and one of the most significant risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Sphingosine (SPH) is a central bioactive lipid metabolite positioned at the crucial intersection of ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) synthesis is increasingly implicated in cardiometabolic health. However, its precise role in the pathophysiology of hypertension and its interplay with inflammatory pathways remain largely unknown. This study aimed to research the therapeutic effects of SPH in hypertension and to explore its underlying mechanisms, focus on a key driver of sterile inflammation that the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertensive mouse model and an in vitro model using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were established. The effects of SPH administration on Ang II-induced hypertension, end-organ damage, and the activation status of the NLRP3 inflammasome were systematically evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In vivo, Ang II infusion triggered significant hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and aortic fibrosis, which was accompanied by activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiovascular tissues. Therapeutic administration of SPH, in a manner comparable to the specific NLRP3 antagonist MCC950, markedly lowered blood pressure and attenuated these pathological changes. In vitro, SPH treatment effectively suppressed Ang II-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation.</div><div>and released of pro-inflammatory cytokines in HUVECs. Furthermore, SPH exhibited direct protective effects on the endothelium by promoting HUVEC proliferation and against Ang II-induced injury. Mechanistically, SPH suppressed the expression and activation of key inflammasome components, including NLRP3, cleaved Caspase-1, and mature IL-1β and IL-18.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study reveals a novel protective role for Sphingosine in hypertension, acting via the suppression of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway to decrease inflammation and oxidative stress. These findings explore a new mechanistic link between sphingolipid metabolism and blood pressure regulation and highlight SPH as a potential therapeutic agent for targeting the critical series of metabolic dysregulation and inflammation in hypertensive cardiovascular disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 200562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk for coronary artery disease among individuals with normal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels","authors":"Zhuqing Shi ,&nbsp;Ashley J. Mulford ,&nbsp;Jun Wei ,&nbsp;Huy Tran ,&nbsp;Annabelle Ashworth ,&nbsp;S. Lilly Zheng ,&nbsp;Brian T. Helfand ,&nbsp;David Duggan ,&nbsp;Henry M. Dunnenberger ,&nbsp;Peter J. Hulick ,&nbsp;David J. Davidson ,&nbsp;Arman Qamar ,&nbsp;Alan R. Sanders ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2026.200572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2026.200572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels &lt;100 mg/dL are generally considered normal. We tested the controversial hypothesis that a subset of individuals with ‘normal’ LDL-C levels may have a non-negligible risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) due to inherited factors, including monogenic variants and polygenic risk scores (PGS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort from the Genomic Health Initiative at Endeavor Health, including 7880 participants without a prior diagnosis of CAD and not on statins at recruitment. Participants were stratified by baseline LDL-C levels and followed for incident CAD. The association of CAD risk with carrier status for pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in <em>LDLR</em>, <em>APOB</em>, and <em>PCSK9</em>, as well as with PGS, was tested using Cox regression models adjusted for relevant covariates at baseline.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among participants, 31.2 % had LDL-C &lt;100 mg/dL (normal), 39.5 % had LDL-C 100–129 mg/dL, and 29.3 % had LDL-C ≥130 mg/dL. Over a median follow-up of 8 years, CAD was diagnosed in 5.3 %, 6.9 %, and 7.6 % of participants in these LDL-C groups, respectively. Among those with normal LDL-C, CAD incidence rose to 9.5 % in individuals with high genetic risk (P/LP variants and/or high PGS). Genetic risk was significantly associated with CAD in multivariable models (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). These findings were consistent in subjects of European and non-European ancestry.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Individuals with ‘normal’ LDL-C levels can have substantial CAD risk if they carry high genetic risk. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating genetic information into CAD risk assessment, even among those with traditionally normal lipid profiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 200572"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}