International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Electrocardiographic markers of arrhythmogenic risk in patients with isolated coronary artery ectasia","authors":"Forouzan Salari ,&nbsp;Hossein Nough ,&nbsp;Seyed Mostafa Seyedhosseini ,&nbsp;Seyedeh Mahdieh Namayandeh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is an uncommon finding with potential clinical implications, including arrhythmogenic risk. Electrocardiographic parameters such as QT dispersion (QTd) and P wave dispersion (PWD) have been proposed as non-invasive predictors of electrical instability. This study aimed to compare ECG findings, between patients with isolated CAE and those with normal coronary arteries.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this case-control study, 23 patients with isolated CAE (Group 1) and 26 patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries (Group 2) were enrolled. Groups were matched for age, gender, cardiovascular risk factors, and ejection fraction. Patients with conditions or medications affecting conduction were excluded. ECG parameters were compared using Chi-square and unpaired t-tests. Additional subgroup analyses using ANOVA, Spearman correlation, and linear mixed models were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>T wave inversion was significantly more common in Group 1 than Group 2 (52.2 % vs. 11.5 %, <em>P</em> = 0.006). QTc was significantly prolonged in Group 1 (<em>P</em> = 0.046). QTd, QTcd, and PWD were all significantly greater in Group 1 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). QTd, QTcd, and PWD were positively correlated with the number of ectatic vessels (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). However, PR interval, QRS duration, and QTc did not show significant associations. ECG parameters did not significantly differ based on the specific ectatic vessel. Significant variation in QTd, QTcd, and PWD was observed across different Markis types.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Patients with isolated CAE exhibit greater QT dispersion and P wave dispersion compared to controls, suggesting a higher arrhythmogenic potential. These parameters also correlate with the extent and classification of ectasia, highlighting their potential utility in risk stratification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 200492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on “Trends in mortality due to ischemic heart diseases among patients with Alzheimer's disease in the United States from 1999 to 2020”","authors":"Prajnasini Satapathy ,&nbsp;Rachana Mehta ,&nbsp;Ranjana Sah","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200491","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 200491"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of serum myeloperoxidase (MPO) concentration combined with triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) for major adverse cardiaovascular events (MACE) in patients with coronary heart disease","authors":"Adila Wulamu ,&nbsp;Xiao-Lei Li ,&nbsp;Munawaer Keremu ,&nbsp;Shu-Ying Ding ,&nbsp;Aibibanmu Aizezi ,&nbsp;Yan-Peng Li ,&nbsp;Gulihuma Abudukeranmu ,&nbsp;Fen Liu ,&nbsp;Xia li ,&nbsp;Xiao-Mei Li ,&nbsp;Yi-Tong Ma ,&nbsp;Dilare Adi ,&nbsp;Adila Azhati","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains a leading cause of mortality globally. The prognostic value of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in predicting adverse cardiovascular events among individuals with CHD remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of MPO in combination with the TyG index for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with CHD.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A total of 731 patients with CHD admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between July 2022 and January 2024 were enrolled and analyzed. Patients were categorized based on median values of MPO and the TyG index. Subsequent follow-up was conducted to determine the occurrence of MACE within two years of hospital discharge. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the associations between MPO, the TyG index, and MACE. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was utilized to identify the most valuable predictor. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis was employed to examine the relationship between the predictor and prognosis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>263 patients experienced MACE during a median follow-up of two years. Compared to patients with a lower TyG index (&lt;8.44) and MPO (&lt;417 ng/ml), those with a higher combined TyG index and MPO exhibited the highest risk of MACE. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that both the TyG index and MPO level were significant predictors of MACE (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), with MPO (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.01, 95 % Confidence Interval [CI] 1.01–1.01) and the TyG index (OR = 2.80, 95 % CI 1.56–5.00) independently associated with increased MACE risk. Kaplan-Meier curves revealed a higher 2-year overall survival rate in CHD patients with lower serum MPO and TyG index levels. ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC for MACE associated with MPO was 0.71, while the AUC for MACE events linked to the TyG index was 0.67. The combined AUC was 0.71, indicating that MPO enhances the predictive efficacy of the TyG index for MACE in CHD patients (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The TyG index and MPO exhibit a synergistic interaction in increasing the risk of MACE in patients with CHD. These findings underscore the importance of utilizing both measures concurrently when assessing cardiovascular risk in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 200490"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of ischemic heart disease in China from 1990 to 2021: Data from the global disease burden database 2021","authors":"Zibo Lin ,&nbsp;Ting Ren ,&nbsp;Zhe Wang,&nbsp;Mi Zhou,&nbsp;Haiqing Li,&nbsp;Yunpeng Zhu,&nbsp;Hong Xu,&nbsp;Yanjun Sun,&nbsp;Jiapei Qiu,&nbsp;Qiang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to analyze the disease burden of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in China from 1990 to 2021 utilizing data from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from the GBD 2021 database were used to evaluate the prevalence, incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and years of life lost (YLLs) attributable to IHD in China from 1990 to 2021. Age-standardized rates and Joinpoint analysis were employed to assess temporal trends, with comparisons across gender and age groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 2021, the incidence rate was 365.67 per 100,000 population (95 % CI: 293.32–440.07), and the mortality rate was 110.91 per 100,000 population (95 % CI: 92.42–128.56). Males exhibited a significantly higher disease burden compared to females. Among the population, incidence rates increased markedly after age 60, peaking at ages 70–74, while mortality rates rose sharply after age 75. From 1990 to 2021, the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALY rates showed an upward trend. However, after age standardization, the trends for incidence and prevalence flattened, while mortality and DALY rates showed a downward trend. Joinpoint analysis indicated a downward trend in age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALY rates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The overall burden of IHD in China remains high, but age-standardized data reflects the effectiveness of disease prevention and control. In the future, greater emphasis should be placed on high-risk populations, particularly aging population and postmenopausal women, to further alleviate the social burden of IHD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 200489"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher dietary acid load is associated with increased severity of coronary artery disease: Implications for nutritional risk stratification","authors":"Javed Iqbal ,&nbsp;Brijesh Sathian ,&nbsp;Syed Muhammad Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200488","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 200488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of chronic kidney disease on the antithrombotic strategies and outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes and atrial fibrillation: Insights from STAR-ACS study","authors":"Kentaro Yasuda ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Iwata ,&nbsp;Katsumi Miyauchi ,&nbsp;Shuko Nojiri ,&nbsp;Yuji Nishizaki ,&nbsp;Yuichi Chikata ,&nbsp;Tohru Minamino ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Daida ,&nbsp;STAR-ACS investigators","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and atrial fibrillation (AF) (ACS + AF) face elevated risks of thrombotic and bleeding events, especially with comorbid chronic kidney disease (CKD). Limited research has assessed the combined influence of CKD in this high-risk population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This first subanalysis of STAR-ACS study included 445 Japanese ACS + AF patients, stratified by CKD status (eGFR &lt; vs. ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m², CKD (+) vs. (−) groups, respectively). Antithrombotic therapy was assessed at baseline, one year, and two years. Primary outcomes included major bleeding and major adverse cardiovascular events.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CKD prevalence was high at 56.4 %. While ratio of dual antiplatelet therapy had drastically decreased by two years, there was no significant difference between CKD (+) and (−) groups. In contrast, among anticoagulants, warfarin was preferably used in CKD (+) group, compared to CKD (−) group, remaining stable for 2 years. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) were prescribed less frequently in CKD patients, with rivaroxaban usage notably lower in CKD (+), while apixaban usage numerically increased in CKD patients. Moreover, CKD was associated with a higher cumulative incidence of adverse outcomes, although this was not statistically significant. However, in DOACs-treated patients, CKD was significantly linked to poorer outcomes, with higher eGFR levels correlating with reduced risk.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This real-world data of ACS + AF patients indicated the significant influence of CKD on anticoagulant choice and on the worse outcome trends. These findings highlight the need for tailored antithrombotic strategies in patients with ACS, AF, and CKD to mitigate bleeding and thrombotic risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 200486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The value of pregnancy-related factors in the prediction of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review","authors":"Zhixun Yang ,&nbsp;Hendrikus J.A. van Os ,&nbsp;Janet M. Kist ,&nbsp;Rimke C. Vos ,&nbsp;Hedwig M.M. Vos ,&nbsp;Niels H. Chavannes ,&nbsp;Annelieke H.J. Petrus","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>Pregnancy-related factors are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and may help identify women at high cardiovascular risk. This study aims to provide an overview of prediction models for CVD which included pregnancy-related factors and to evaluate the impact of these factors on model performance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>PubMed and Embase were systematically searched until March 2023 for studies reporting on the development or validation of prediction models for CVD which included pregnancy-related factors. Data extraction was performed using the CHARMS checklist. Risk of bias was assessed using PROBAST.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seven studies were included. C-indices ranged between 0.63 and 0.79. Adding pregnancy-related factors resulted in improved C-index in four studies, ranging from 0.0033 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.0022–0.0051) to 0.004 (95 % CI: 0.002–0.006). Net reclassification improvement (NRI) for events was improved in two studies, ranging from 0.01 (95 % CI: 0.003–0.02) to 0.038 (95 % CI: 0.003–0.074). NRI for non-events was improved in three studies, ranging from 0.002 (95 % CI: 0.0001–0.005) to 0.02 (95 % CI: 0.001–0.04). Two studies showed both low risk of bias and low concern regarding applicability. Subgroup analyses by age in three studies indicated larger improvements in model performance in younger women.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Addition of pregnancy-related factors results in limited improvements in performance of CVD prediction models, with relatively larger improvements in younger women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 200483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare access, symptom burden, and psychological impact in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a multinational patient-driven survey","authors":"Emil Tsenov ,&nbsp;Jolanda Van der Velden ,&nbsp;Matteo Pinciroli ,&nbsp;Maurizio Pieroni ,&nbsp;Franco Cecchi ,&nbsp;Iacopo Olivotto ,&nbsp;Niccolò Maurizi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a complex genetic heart disease with significant clinical, psychological, and socioeconomic implications. While research has focused on pathophysiology and treatment, patient-reported experiences remain underexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional, multinational online survey was distributed between December 2024 and February 2025, targeting individuals diagnosed with HCM in Europe. The questionnaire included sections on demographics, symptom burden, impact on daily life, medical management, and psychological well-being. Data were analyzed descriptively, with subgroup analyses based on geography, employment, and healthcare access.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 337 qualifying participants from 18 European countries completed the survey. They were mainly diagnosed because of symptoms (107, 42 %). Specifically, shortness of breath and fatigue had an overall high impact on quality of life, both at diagnosis and at the time of survey (3.09/5 vs 2.93/5; 3.23/5 vs 3.46/5, respectively). With HCM diagnosis, the proportion of patients engaged in low to moderate activities increased significantly (87 % vs 50 %, p &lt; 0.01) and one major psychological complaint was weight gain (71, 49 %). Twenty-two (15 %) patients reported having lost their job because of HCM; 46 (14 %) reported a limitation in working hours as well as limitation in the kind of work performed (32, 9 %), due to the disease. Despite a significant psychological burden access to mental health support was limited, as only 15 % of patients regularly consulted a psychologist.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This survey highlights critical gaps in HCM management, including healthcare accessibility, persistent symptom burden, and unmet psychological needs. Improved care pathways, mental health integration, and workplace accommodations are essential to enhance patient-centered HCM management across Europe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 200485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on examining maternal and fetal outcomes across various subtypes of hypertension during pregnancy","authors":"Qiang Ma,&nbsp;Jianfen Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200482","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 200482"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable effects of a hybrid self-care education program on diet quality and cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic conditions: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Hossein Izadirad ,&nbsp;Zahra Jangizahi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Inadequately managed chronic diseases heighten cardiovascular risk. Improved dietary habits are crucial for risk reduction and enhanced patient health. This study evaluated the sustained impact of a hybrid self-care education program on diet quality and cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this 2023 randomized controlled trial in Saravan, Iran, 150 patients with chronic conditions were enrolled. Participants were randomly allocated to an intervention group (n = 75) or a control group (n = 75). Data were collected using a self-care nutrition questionnaire and the Mini-EAT. The intervention group received a one-month hybrid self-care education program integrating the Teach-Back method with digital education, followed by monthly follow-ups. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 with repeated measures ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, independent t-tests, and chi-square tests (statistical significance: p &lt; 0.05). Follow-up assessments occurred at 3 and 12 months post-intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Post-intervention, nutritional self-care scores in the intervention group increased significantly from baseline (11.90) to 3 months (24.12) and remained stable at 12 months (23.74; p &lt; 0.001). No comparable change occurred in controls. Diet quality improved markedly: the proportion with unhealthy diets decreased from 98.67 % to 49.34 %, while adherence to healthy diets rose from 0 % to 13.33 % (p &lt; 0.001). At the 12-month follow-up, statistically significant reductions were observed across all key cardiovascular risk metrics: systolic blood pressure decreased from 142.21 mmHg to 132.22 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure from 104.70 mmHg to 92.16 mmHg, fasting blood glucose from 212.66 mg/dL to 151.48 mg/dL, and BMI from 27.91 kg/m² to 25.32 kg/m² (all p &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The integrated Teach-Back and digital education intervention produced sustained improvements in nutritional self-care, diet quality, and cardiovascular risk factors among patients with chronic conditions. Effect durability at 12 months underscores the value of ongoing follow-up in educational strategies. These findings support integrating digital education into health promotion programs to reinforce self-care behaviors and improve clinical outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 200479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}