Composite StructuresPub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-07-25DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120685
Yunqing Nie, Dongxu Li
{"title":"Soft-matrix-guided crack twisting and bridging in bioinspired Bouligand structures: A three-dimensional phase-field study","authors":"Yunqing Nie, Dongxu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The soft matrix in bioinspired Bouligand structures provides preferential crack propagation paths and plays an important role in mediating crack twisting and fiber bridging. Here, a three-dimensional multiscale fracture framework is developed by combining the explicit phase-field method with the embedded cell modeling strategy, in which the fiber/matrix heterogeneity is explicitly resolved in the crack-tip region and along the expected crack propagation path. The results show that rapid crack penetration across interlaminate matrix-rich regions causes stepwise load drops, whereas crack propagation along intralaminate matrix interfaces between rotated fibers promotes crack twisting and helps sustain the load-carrying capacity. When the crack advances approximately perpendicular to the fiber direction, load-bearing fibers bridge the crack before fracture, further enhancing damage tolerance and giving rise to secondary load peaks. Parametric analyses show that, within the investigated range, increasing the helical angle and fiber fracture toughness improves the apparent crack resistance. These findings clarify the coupled role of soft matrix paths and helicoidal fibers in three-dimensional crack twisting and bridging, and provide insights for the design of fracture-resistant bioinspired helicoidal composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 120685"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148645865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Underwater explosion damage and residual properties of air-backed composite corrugated sandwich panel with foam core","authors":"Yinggang Li, Yunlong Qin, Zeyuan Song, Lihao Ding, Pengyu Lou, Wen Xiao, Xiaobin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the structural damage characteristics and residual properties of air-backed composite corrugated sandwich panel (CCSP) with foam core subjected to three-dimensional (3D) underwater explosion (UNDEX) loads are numerically and experimentally studied. The UNDEX damage and residual property assessment method of air-backed CCSP with polyvinyl chloride foam cores is proposed by using the acoustic-structure coupling method and initial state import method. Besides, the UNDEX experiment was conducted in a large-scale explosion pool and the compression experiment after UNDEX was carried out. In addition, an intelligent optimization framework combining the backpropagation neural network and the genetic algorithm was developed to enhance the structural strength of the CCSP. Results show that air-backed CCSP under 3D UNDEX spherical shock loads is mainly manifested as the delamination damage mode of upper facesheet concentrated at the center and along the surrounding boundaries. The UNDEX damage and residual properties of air-backed CCSP by using the proposed assessment method are consistent with the experimental results, which verifies the accuracy and reliability of the proposed assessment method. As the shock factor increases, three distinct collapse failure modes emerge in the damaged CCSP, namely global compression failure, global compression and local buckling failure, global buckling failure. Based on the optimized design, the post-explosion central deflection decreases by 23.6%, while residual compression force increases by 29.5%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 120712"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148645945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Composite StructuresPub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-07-21DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120677
Jun Young Choi, Subin Yi, Seonghun Hyeon, Sung-Hoon Ahn
{"title":"Interfacial knotting and winding reinforcement for joining homogeneous and heterogeneous 3D continuous fiber lattices","authors":"Jun Young Choi, Subin Yi, Seonghun Hyeon, Sung-Hoon Ahn","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reliable joining of independently fabricated continuous-fiber lattice units remains a critical challenge in architected composites because thin struts, porous topology, and non-planar interfaces limit effective load transfer and promote interface-dominated failure. Here, a permanent lattice-to-lattice joining strategy is developed by combining wet rebonding with mechanically reinforced fiber bridging using two architectures: localized knotting and distributed winding. Knotting introduces discrete anchoring across selected strut-level regions, whereas winding provides circumferential confinement over an extended joined interface. Mechanical evaluation under compression, monotonic tensile loading, cyclic tensile loading, and four-point bending shows that reinforced joints can retain or exceed the mass-normalized mechanical response of corresponding single-piece references, depending on reinforcement architecture and loading mode. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)–CFRP joints provide high stiffness and mass-normalized load-bearing performance, whereas CFRP–aramid fiber reinforced polymer (AFRP) joints introduce greater compliance and energy dissipation. Material-level impact tests on single-piece CFRP and AFRP lattices are reported separately as supplementary context. These results identify interfacial reinforcement architecture as a key design parameter for permanent assembly of continuous-fiber lattice structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 120677"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148651664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Composite StructuresPub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-07-20DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120674
Xiang Kong, Jiangze Zhi, Teng Shan, Jian Gao, Zun Wang, Sen Yang
{"title":"Multi-objective optimization and energy absorption mechanisms of bio-inspired lightweight sandwich structures based on Pareto representative solutions","authors":"Xiang Kong, Jiangze Zhi, Teng Shan, Jian Gao, Zun Wang, Sen Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To develop localized lightweight load-bearing and energy-absorbing components for UAV fuselages and wings, this study proposes a bio-inspired multilayer Ti-6Al-4 V sandwich structure based on beetle elytra. A parametric unit cell with an elliptical cavity and hollow cylindrical struts is established, using core wall thickness, face-sheet thickness and core height as design variables. A Box–Behnken RSM–NSGA-II framework is used to balance nominal density and energy absorption, yielding three Pareto-representative designs: Min-<em>ρ</em>, Knee and Max-EA. Specimens with one to three layers are fabricated by selective laser melting and tested under quasi-static compression. Prediction errors for nominal density and energy absorption are within 6%. Total energy absorption increases with layer count, but specific energy absorption (SEA) depends strongly on design type and multilayer stacking. Max-EA reaches the highest SEA of 50.90 kJ·kg<sup>−1</sup> at <em>L</em> = 2 but decreases to 44.57 kJ·kg<sup>−1</sup> at <em>L</em> = 3 because of diagonal shear fracture and rapid densification. In contrast, Knee-L3 shows a buckling–shear coupled collapse mode and achieves 49.26 kJ·kg<sup>−1</sup>, surpassing Max-EA-L3 while maintaining a flatter plateau and lower load fluctuation. Finite element comparisons of the three Pareto-representative L3 configurations show that the model can reasonably capture the main load–displacement responses across different collapse modes, with the Knee-L3 deformation sequence further validated by experimental images and PEEQ contours. These results show that the Knee design provides a representative compromise between lightweighting, energy absorption and multilayer stability, offering guidance for additively manufactured energy-absorbing structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 120674"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148651588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Composite StructuresPub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-07-20DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120683
Shengbo Shi, Guodong Chen, Yun Liu, Jiameng Wang, Yuntian Zhang, Tao Chen, Jun Liang
{"title":"A novel multi-stage pyrolysis kinetics model for predicting thermal decomposition of quartz/phenolic composites in multi-atmospheres","authors":"Shengbo Shi, Guodong Chen, Yun Liu, Jiameng Wang, Yuntian Zhang, Tao Chen, Jun Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quartz/phenolic composites undergo complex charring ablation when subjected to aerodynamic loading. Quantitatively characterizing their pyrolysis mechanisms across various atmospheres is essential for developing high-fidelity ablation models. A multi-stage pyrolysis kinetics model was established for quartz/phenolic composites under multiple atmospheres, integrated with thermogravimetric (TG) data obtained at various heating rates. The pyrolysis process was decoupled into multiple discrete stages based on the thermal degradation mechanisms of individual components. By incorporating the weight proportion of each stage, a comprehensive kinetics model covering the full temperature range was developed using a hybrid approach of model-free and model-fitting methods. The proposed model effectively predicts the TG behavior of polymer-based materials under arbitrary temperatures and oxygen partial pressures, facilitating the analysis of their thermal response characteristics. Furthermore, key parameters including the degree of pyrolysis and gas evolution rates can be obtained, providing critical data support for simulating the ablation and heat transfer behavior of composite materials in extreme environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 120683"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148645859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accelerating the prediction of strain-rate effect for carbon/epoxy composites using constitutive Artificial Neural Networks (CANNs)","authors":"Sanghyun Yoo, Ijaz Aslamsha, Dipankul Bhattacharya, Julia Kowalski, Nathalie Toso, Heinz Voggenreiter","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design of composite structures for impact and crash scenarios critically relies on understanding strain-rate effect, where mechanical properties significantly vary with the local loading rates of the material. Characterising the dynamic material responses of these materials for crashworthy design is traditionally resource-intensive. While standard data-driven machine learning (ML) models offer a convenient way to learn the underlying complex characteristics from experiments, they often lack physical consistency. Additionally, they are resource-intensive, requiring large volumes of experimental data. Circumventing these two issues, we propose a novel approach utilising Constitutive Artificial Neural Networks (CANNs) to characterise the strain-rate dependent behaviour of carbon/epoxy composites. Unlike existing black-box algorithms, this approach directly embeds constitutive equations into the neural network architecture. The model is tested for IM7/8552 under uniaxial compression at strain rates up to 200 s<sup>−1</sup>. The model predictions demonstrate good agreement with experimental data (nRMSE = 7.3%), effectively capturing complex rate-dependent characteristics. Apart from demonstrating accurate interpolation, the model also shows robust extrapolation to out-of-distribution (OOD) strain rates. By combining the flexibility of ML with the reliability of physical laws, this approach significantly reduces the experimental burden, offering a powerful method to accelerate the design of safe and high-performance composite structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 120672"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148645951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Composite StructuresPub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-07-13DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120664
H.Y. Wang, J.S. Hu, K.F. Wang, B. Wang
{"title":"Adjustable mechanism of a novel bimaterial shuriken-shaped auxetic structure with stiffness enhancement","authors":"H.Y. Wang, J.S. Hu, K.F. Wang, B. Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Owing to their unique performance advantages, auxetic materials hold broad and promising application prospects. Such materials often suffer from insufficient stiffness, a challenge that requires urgent resolution. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel bimaterial shuriken-shaped auxetic structure (BSAS) with enhanced stiffness behavior. For the BSAS, an effective and accurate mechanical property assessment model is established using the direct stiffness method, with its validity verified through finite element analysis. The influence of geometric parameters on the elastic constants and Poisson’s ratio of the BSAS is investigated, and the interaction mechanisms between parameters are analysed. Concurrently, mechanical property comparisons are also made with the stiffness enhancement auxetic structures. The results indicate that the relative elastic modulus of BSAS can be 10 times that of windmill-shaped structure. Compared to the windmill-shaped structure, the BSAS sacrifices 38% of its auxetic performance in exchange for a 1006% increase in stiffness. This research provides a theoretical foundation and design insights for stiffness enhancement strategies in novel auxetic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 120664"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148645950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Composite StructuresPub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-07-21DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120687
Meng Du, Zengqiang Cao, Zhenfei Du, Minghao Zhang, Mengchen Yu, Lubin Huo
{"title":"Influence of wrinkle defect on installation resistance and damage of CFRP/Ti interference-fit bolted joint","authors":"Meng Du, Zengqiang Cao, Zhenfei Du, Minghao Zhang, Mengchen Yu, Lubin Huo","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wrinkle is a common defect in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites and can affect the mechanical properties of the interference-fit bolted structures which can significantly improve the fatigue strength of the CFRP structures. Wrinkles inevitably exert an influence on installation damage, making relevant research necessary. Therefore, five groups of experiments are designed to investigate the effects of different parameters on installation resistance and installation damage, and the corresponding mechanisms are discussed. The results show that the installation resistance and installation damage severity are positively correlated with wrinkle width and interference size, and negatively correlated with wrinkle height and the distance from the installation position to the wrinkle center. When the wrinkle width is much larger than the bolt shank diameter, the reverse installation resistance is lower than the forward installation resistance. When the wrinkle width is only slightly larger than the bolt shank diameter, the reverse installation resistance is higher than the forward installation resistance. The mechanisms are related to the load transfer capacity of the wrinkled layers and the strain energy of the fibers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 120687"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148651593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Composite StructuresPub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-07-23DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120675
Zi-Zhang Gu, Wen-Long Gao, Ming Zhang, Daniel Ting-Wee Looi, Yao-Peng Liu, Si-Wei Liu
{"title":"Mechanical properties of cross-laminated bamboo scrimber composites","authors":"Zi-Zhang Gu, Wen-Long Gao, Ming Zhang, Daniel Ting-Wee Looi, Yao-Peng Liu, Si-Wei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Engineered bamboo offers exceptional mechanical performance and sustainability, but its pronounced anisotropy limits its application in multiaxial structural scenarios. This study presents cross-laminated bamboo scrimber (CLBS), a natural composite fabricated through one-step gluing and consolidation of orthogonally assembled bamboo fiber bundles. Unlike conventional cross-laminated products requiring secondary adhesive bonding of prefabricated layers, this integrated manufacturing approach enhances production efficiency and performance. A total of 195 specimens were tested under tension, compression, shear, and bending across the principal material orientations. The results show that CLBS achieves nearly uniform in-plane properties, with tensile and compressive strengths of approximately 100 MPa and 55 MPa, respectively, in both orthogonal directions. Notably, CLBS outperforms cross-laminated bamboo (CLB) by over 30% and cross-laminated timber (CLT) by approximately fourfold in tensile and flexural strength. Distinct failure modes were identified under each loading condition, providing insight into the underlying damage mechanisms. Stress–strain constitutive models and characteristic values are provided to support structural design. A finite element parametric study demonstrates that CLBS floor slabs achieve up to an 80% reduction in deflection compared to unidirectional bamboo scrimber slabs. These findings establish CLBS as a promising material for floors, walls, and modular construction systems requiring reliable multiaxial performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 120675"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148645944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Composite StructuresPub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-07-21DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120689
Zhuwei Shi, Quan Zhi, Zhikun Zhang, Weijun Zhu, Dongsheng Li
{"title":"Lattice-based deployable composite booms regulated by flexible strips with enhanced fold-deploy performance","authors":"Zhuwei Shi, Quan Zhi, Zhikun Zhang, Weijun Zhu, Dongsheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aiming at the contradiction between load-bearing and folding of traditional thin-walled lenticular deployable composite booms (DCBs) and insufficient radial load-bearing of lattice-based DCBs, this paper proposes a flexible strip-regulated 3D printed lattice-based DCBs design. Geometric parameters are determined via design, and specimens are fabricated by dual-nozzle FDM 3D printing and compression-molded curved forming. Through radial compression experiments, finite element simulations, and theoretical modeling, the regulation laws of flexible strip number and pre-tension on mechanical properties are studied, with folding-unfolding cyclic tests verifying reliability. Results show that 3 and 5 flexible strips increase radial stiffness by 255.0 % and 375.0 % respectively, without raising the maximum folding stress, and enhance elastic strain energy by 17.9 % and 29.8 %; pre-tension improves load-bearing, and increasing cross-sectional height from 40.0 mm to 50.0 mm boosts radial stiffness by 52.1 % and elastic strain energy by 50.7 % with stable folding stress. An analytical model for radial compression force is established based on Kagome lattice homogenization and moment equilibrium, with a relative error < 5.0 % vs FEA results; cyclic tests show no obvious degradation, demonstrating excellent stability. This strategy achieves synergistic improvement of radial load-bearing and folding, offering a new approach for high-load, high-folding-ratio space deployable composite booms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 120689"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148645952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}