{"title":"Efficient post-buckling analysis of laminated plates with bending–twisting coupling using a novel algorithmic implementation","authors":"Sebastian D. Dillen, Christian Mittelstedt","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thin-walled composite structures offer significant weight reduction benefits; however, they are susceptible to stability-related failure mechanisms such as buckling. While local buckling does not necessarily result in catastrophic failure, it is crucial to understand post-buckling behaviour in order to maximise structural efficiency. This study introduces an efficient non-dimensional Ritz-based method for analysing the buckling and post-buckling behaviour of symmetrical, balanced, simply supported rectangular plates with bending–twisting coupling. The dimensionless formulation provides results that are generic and therefore universally valid. It enables the generic evaluation of the influence of the bending–twisting coupling on the buckling behaviour. The proposed approach employs orthogonal polynomial shape functions to accurately capture complex coupling effects while optimising computational effort and convergence. The methodology extends previous research by incorporating an novel advanced integral computation technique and algorithm to enhance post-buckling analysis. The findings demonstrate an enhancement in the accuracy and efficiency of predicting buckling behaviour, particularly in highly anisotropic laminates, where traditional approaches encounter limitations. This study contributes to the development of more robust analytical tools for composite structural analysis, facilitating more effective lightweight design applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 119646"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of hybrid nano rare earth reinforcement and hot rolling on mechanical, corrosion, and biocompatibility of biodegradable Mg implants","authors":"Rakesh Kumar , Neha Mehrotra , Kaushik Pal","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mg composites have emerged as promising materials for fabricating biodegradable implants, as their bone-like mechanical properties mitigate stress shielding effects and inherent biocompatibility facilitates healing. However, inadequate strength, limited ductility and rapid degradation constrain their clinical applicability. Microscale bioceramic reinforcements in Mg enhance strength but at the expense of ductility, while nanoscale reinforcements increase strength while retaining plasticity. In the present study, Mg composites containing metallic reinforcement (Ti, Zn, etc.), hybridised with synthesised nanoparticles (CeO<sub>2</sub>, HA), were fabricated and investigated in both as-cast and hot-rolled conditions as potential biodegradable implant material. In as-cast composite, Ti addition achieved moderate strength improvements (55 % in YS and 30 % in UTS) but also improved elongation by 8.9 %, while Zn, Mn, and Ca addition improved strength significantly(146 % in YS and 58% in UTS), but reduced elongation. Hot-rolling further amplified strength and microhardness, with remarkable gains in HR-MHC/ZMC (236 % in YS, 106 % in UTS, and 81 % in microhardness). Electrochemical and static immersion studies on hybridised Mg composites revealed that alloying Zn, Mn, and Ca enhanced the polarization resistance by 148 % in AC-MHC/ZMC, but Ti increased H<sub>2</sub> evolution in AC-MHC/Ti. MTT assay with MG-63 cells revealed cell viability above<!--> <!-->75 % and dual fluorescence staining confirmed healthy cell morphology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 119657"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Peignon , J. Serra , A. Cantarel , F. Eyma , B. Castanié
{"title":"Open-Hole tensile tests on poplar veneer laminates and plywood: Applicability of the point stress criterion","authors":"A. Peignon , J. Serra , A. Cantarel , F. Eyma , B. Castanié","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the open-hole tensile strength of two types of poplar veneer laminates: a quasi-isotropic laminate [90°/45°/0°/–45°]<sub>s</sub> and a plywood laminate [90°/0°/90°/0°<sub>1/2</sub>]<sub>s</sub>. The effects of hole diameter and specimen geometry on tensile strength were examined, and the Point Stress Criterion (PSC) was used to evaluate material behaviours. The results show that the stress concentration values (d<sub>0</sub>) for the veneer laminates align closely with those of fibre-reinforced polymer composites, demonstrating the applicability of the PSC to wood-based laminates.</div><div>While the d<sub>0</sub> values are similar to those observed in synthetic composites, the failure mode differs significantly. Unlike most synthetic composites, no delamination occurs near the hole or along the edges of the studied laminates. Instead, the specimens exhibit a brittle fracture mode, characterised by sudden failure without ply separation.</div><div>These findings provide insights into the influence of hole effects on laminate design and suggest that the PSC can be used to optimise the performance of veneer laminates in engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 119658"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Janeliukstis , D. Baranovskis , A. Katunin , I. Zorin , P. Burgholzer , H. Lopes , K. Dragan , S. Rucevskis , L. Gaile , Xiao Chen
{"title":"Nondestructive evaluation of barely visible impact damage in composite structures – a review","authors":"R. Janeliukstis , D. Baranovskis , A. Katunin , I. Zorin , P. Burgholzer , H. Lopes , K. Dragan , S. Rucevskis , L. Gaile , Xiao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Timely detection of barely visible impact damage (BVID) in composite structures is paramount to prevent catastrophic failure. Traditionally, BVID detection has been carried out in non-destructive (NDT) inspections. Nevertheless, damage detection in some applications may not be enough. For example, estimation of damage location, extent, failure mode, or prognosis of remaining useful life may be desirable. The information obtained on damage can be potentially enhanced by employing more universal or specialized signal processing algorithms. This review provides a detailed description of the workings of several NDT techniques, such as ultrasonics, X-ray tomography, thermography, optical shearography, and optical computed tomography, concerning impact damage detection. These NDT techniques are then compared in terms of their performance, such as sensitivity and resolution, speed, complexity, and cost. A particular emphasis is put on signal processing algorithms that are established to enrich damage characterization, along with their advantages and limitations. Cases of combining several NDT techniques in enhancing BVID detection and the merits of such approaches are explored. Discussion of possible ways of increasing safety of composite structures, for example, implementation of artificial intelligence for enhanced inspections, manufacturing of advanced BVID-resistant composites and integration of robotized systems for increased data acquisition is provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 119661"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hao Chen , Ke Yan , Xingyu Shen , Jiaqi Bai , Shijun Luo , Mengqi Yuan , Shaobo Qi , Chongchi Hou
{"title":"Tortoise-back-reinforced elliptical-embedded honeycomb composite structure: experimental and numerical analysis of responses under blast loading","authors":"Hao Chen , Ke Yan , Xingyu Shen , Jiaqi Bai , Shijun Luo , Mengqi Yuan , Shaobo Qi , Chongchi Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Honeycomb composite structures have attracted extensive attention in protective engineering due to high specific energy absorption and strength-to-weight ratios. However, conventional honeycomb composite structures have difficulty meeting modern protective requirements. This study innovatively introduces a biomimetic tortoise-back and tendon structure to design a Tortoise-back-reinforced Elliptical-embedded Honeycomb Composite Structure (TEHS), investigating its dynamic responses and energy absorption characteristics under blast loading. Results indicate that the TEHS primarily exhibits localized large-deformation damage under blast loading, with energy absorption concentrated in both local deformation and global response stages. Parametric analysis reveals that cell length, cell wall thickness, and number of layers significantly influence the overall energy absorption capacity, meanwhile core height ratio has negligible impact on total energy absorption but drastically alters energy distribution patterns among structural components. Through analyzing dynamic yielding and response mechanisms, a mathematical model for predicting residual deflection under blast loading was established, which accurately predicts the final structural deformations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 119656"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Honghao Liu , Helin Pan , Lei Zu , Qian Zhang , Guiming Zhang , Jianhui Fu , Qiaoguo Wu , Xiaolong Jia , Lichuan Zhou
{"title":"A universal kinking-based strength model for unidirectional composite laminates under multiaxial loading","authors":"Honghao Liu , Helin Pan , Lei Zu , Qian Zhang , Guiming Zhang , Jianhui Fu , Qiaoguo Wu , Xiaolong Jia , Lichuan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high-accuracy and efficient prediction of unidirectional composite materials under multi-load interactive loading conditions has long been a challenge. However, existing failure criteria for single-load conditions fail to account for load coupling effects, leading to reduced accuracy and efficiency along with limited applicability in multi-load scenarios. In this work, we propose the closed-form kinking-based (CFK) model as a universal multiaxial strength model by considering kinking-band instability. The CFK model combines biaxial tensile strength with uniaxial parameters derived from the torsion model, significantly improving the prediction of failure modes under multi-axial loading. Meanwhile, the model incorporates shear-driven kinking instability, enabling precise representation of the stress state. Critically, the closed-form solution replaces traditional search algorithm, achieving a balance between accuracy and efficiency. The model requires only input of readily measurable material parameters and demonstrates universal applicability to diverse composite material systems. Finite element simulations and experimental validation demonstrate that the model enhances computational efficiency by 41.4% relative to traditional algorithms, while significantly outperforming existing models in prediction accuracy. These findings establish an effective framework for multiaxial strength prediction of composites, while providing important theoretical basis for related fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 119655"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xue Yu , Junhao Ding , Pai Liu , Zhan Kang , Xu Song , Lei Zhang , Yiqiang Wang
{"title":"Design of hierarchical surface lattice microstructures with isotropic stiffness, strength and energy absorption","authors":"Xue Yu , Junhao Ding , Pai Liu , Zhan Kang , Xu Song , Lei Zhang , Yiqiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface lattice microstructures have garnered significant attention, however their efficient design with isotropic mechanical properties remains a considerable challenge. This study proposes a novel class of hierarchical surface lattice microstructures that simultaneously achieve isotropic stiffness, strength and energy absorption properties. The key idea involves embedding a set of second-level lattices within the solid regions of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) lattices, then realizing uniform properties by tuning the distribution of uniaxial stiffness at two levels. The effectiveness is demonstrated across both sheet-type and solid-type TPMS architectures. Furthermore, the micro-laser powder bed fusion technology is employed for high-precision fabrication of the proposed hierarchical design with two-level feature size ratio exceeding 500:1. Compression tests validate the isotropic stiffness, as well as the nearly-isotropic initial peak stresses and specific energy absorption characteristics of the hierarchical surface lattices. The maximum-to-minimum property ratios are notably reduced from 3.09, 2.17 and 2.03 for the TPMS counterparts to 1.00, 1.25 and 1.23 for the hierarchical designs, respectively. It is remarkable that the designed hierarchical surface lattices preserve geometric advantages of TPMS, including smooth surfaces, open-cell architectures, and configuration symmetry. Hence, they present a transformative design strategy for surface lattice microstructures in multifunctional applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 119645"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Hacker , G. Just , S. Scheffler , I. Koch , M. Gude , R. Rolfes
{"title":"Efficient derivation of a nonlinear cohesive bridging law for numerical delamination simulations under static and fatigue loading","authors":"G. Hacker , G. Just , S. Scheffler , I. Koch , M. Gude , R. Rolfes","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Delamination is a frequent and critical type of damage that occurs in composite structures under static and fatigue loading. This work presents a novel method to derive a nonlinear traction–separation law (TSL) for a cohesive zone model (CZM) used for delamination simulations. By solving an ordinary differential equation (ODE) resulting from the energy balance of the cohesive zone, a nonlinear TSL is directly derived from R-curves that were determined experimentally in standard quasi-static double cantilever beam (DCB) tests. A superimposed conventional bilinear TSL is required to match the initial energy release rate of the R-curves. This bilinear TSL is intended to model brittle fracture while the nonlinear part models the R-curve effects mainly caused by fiber bridging. In order to consider R-curve effects under fatigue loading conditions as well, an established fatigue CZM is embedded into both parts of the TSL using the same set of four required input parameters. The fatigue parameters are determined inversely by means of cyclic DCB tests. It is demonstrated that the numerical model is able to reproduce the force–displacement curves of the conducted quasi-static DCB tests with a higher accuracy, if the TSL is derived by the new method instead of the preexisting and commonly used J-integral approach. Furthermore, the model is able to reproduce experimental data from conducted cyclic DCB test with a limited number of input parameters which significantly decreases the effort of inverse parameter identification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 119585"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simple analytical modeling of residual flexural properties of hybrid PEEK thermoplastic composite laminate under kerosene flame exposure","authors":"Lanhui Lin , Benoit Vieille , Christophe Bouvet , Tanguy Davin","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work aims to propose a simple two-layer analytical model to determine the residual bending properties of hybrid carbon/glass fibers reinforced PEEK (CG/PEEK) laminates under localized kerosene flame exposure (1100 °C and 116 kW/m<sup>2</sup> by a burner bench). It is intended to better understand the relationship between thermally-induced damages and the residual bending properties and also to predict the changes of the flexural properties as a function of flame exposure time. On the one hand, the influence of porosity induced by isothermal heating conditions (temperature ranging from the melting one to the point of resin decomposition) on post-heat flexural properties is examined, which allows the effects of different phase transitions of the PEEK matrix to be dissociated. The residual flexural strength and stiffness of thermally degraded laminates decrease rapidly with the increasing amount of porosity as function of exposure temperature and heating time (400 – 450 – 500 – 525 – 550℃ for 300 – 600 – 900 s). These isothermal tests allow master curves to be formulated that show the correlations between porosity ratio and residual flexural properties. These master curves, combined with through-thickness observations, are expected to provide a comprehensive interpretation of the post-fire flexural behavior of different layers. On the other hand, by means of a two-layer (char layer and decomposition layer) model considering different distances from the flame, it is possible to determine the residual bending properties of post-fire CG/PEEK laminates as a function of the flame exposure times. The proposed analytical model shows a good agreement with the experimental results (obtained in the preliminary study), and the important role of the char layer and its residual properties under long-time flame exposures are highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 119648"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neural network-assisted design optimization with adaptive sampling for tow-steered composite structures","authors":"Bangde Liu , Xin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tow-steered composites offer significant potential for enhancing weight reduction and performance in aerospace structures. However, optimizing realistic tow-steered composite designs using finite element (FE)-based methods is often computationally prohibitive due to the expansive design space. Neural network (NN) models have emerged as a cost-effective alternative to FE-based optimization approaches. However, advanced NN models typically require substantial training data to achieve high accuracy, and the generation of this data through FE analysis of tow-steered composite structures remains computationally intensive. To address this challenge, this study introduces an adaptive sampling method that effectively reduces the required training data while enhancing the accuracy of NN-based design optimization. The proposed method is demonstrated on two tow-steered composite structures with different numbers of design variables, showcasing its ability to achieve improved optimization accuracy and reduced costs. The proposed method can be applied to other NN-based optimization problems, mitigating computational demands associated with generating training data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 119588"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}