Austrian Law Journal最新文献

{"title":"Governance und der Verlust politischer Tugend","authors":"Christian Hiebaum","doi":"10.25364/1.1:2014.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25364/1.1:2014.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Nicht nur sind Institutionen auf entgegenkommende Tugenden angewiesen, sondern auch Tugenden auf entgegenkommende Institutionen. Tugenden konnen durch Institutionen erzeugt und gefestigt, aber genauso gut verdrangt werden. Zu den heute durch „postde- mokratische“ Governance scheinbar zunehmend verdrangten Tugenden gehort auch die Orientierung an fur wahr oder vernunftig gehaltenen Konzeptionen sozialer Gerechtigkeit in der Politik. In diesem Papier soll das Problem naher erlautert und, am Ende, einige wei- tere Forschungsfragen formuliert werden.","PeriodicalId":258698,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Law Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132575006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Die Durchführung von Unionsrecht durch die Verwaltung eines föderal organisierten Mitgliedstaats","authors":"S. Börger","doi":"10.25364/1.2:2015.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25364/1.2:2015.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Eine foderale Struktur erleichtert die Durchfuhrung von Unionsrecht nicht. In Osterreich hat sich jedoch nach 20 Jahren EU-Mitgliedschaft eine zweckmasige Struktur etabliert, um mit den Herausforderungen in der Umsetzung und Anwendung von Unionsrecht im Bundesstaat umgehen zu konnen. Der Beitrag bespricht anhand aktueller Themen und Beispiele typische Fragen im Verhaltnis EU-Mitgliedstaat-Bundesland wie die Umsetzungszustandigkeit von Richtlinien, den Umgang mit Vertragsverletzungsverfahren und Busgeldverfahren oder die Frage unionsrechtlich begrundeter subjektiver Rechte.","PeriodicalId":258698,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Law Journal","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131542678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finanzielle Sanktionen bei Nichterfüllung von Urteilen des Gerichtshofs der EU","authors":"W. Hummer","doi":"10.25364/01.6:2019.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25364/01.6:2019.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Pursuant to Article 260 (2) TFEU, in the event of a Member State’s failure to comply with a judgment which condemns said State, the Court may impose financial penalties (lump sums or penalty payments) calculated in accordance with established criteria. When preparing its proposal for sanctions, the Commission takes into account the gravity and duration of the infringement; the gross domestic product (GDP) of the convicted Member State; and the weighted voting rights allocated to it in the EU Council. However, with the replacement of the existing system of vote-weighing in the Council, the methods for calculating sanctions also required adjusting, that is - for the attainment of a qualified majority - via the so-called \"double majority\", the system called for in Article 3 of the Protocol (No 36) had to be adjusted as per 1 April 2017. As stated by the Court in its judgment of Case C-93/17, the system now takes into account the number of seats allocated to each Member State in the European Parliament, instead of the weighted votes in the Council. Moreover, since its judgment of Case C-304/02 - and contrary to the word \"or\" in Article 260 (2) TFEU - the Court now cumulates the lump sum with the penalty payment.","PeriodicalId":258698,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Law Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122951166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of the Tools of the Council of Europe Against Democratic Backsliding: What Lessons Can be Learned from the “Greek Case”?","authors":"W. Benedek","doi":"10.25364/01.7:2020.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25364/01.7:2020.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The “Greek Case” which led to the de facto suspension of Greece in 1969 was a very particular part of the history of the Council of Europe in the protection of human rights and democracy. This contribution, based on a keynote given at a pertinent conference in Athens, will ask whether the spirit and political will to confront major human rights violations existing at that time can still be found in the Council of Europe of today. It will investigate the impact on the work of the Council of Europe at the time and draw some conclusions on lessons learned for today. In this context it will highlight the role of personalities acting on behalf of the Council of Europe at the time. It will also analyse the impact of its enlarged membership on the upholding of its values today. The institutions and tools at the disposal of the Council of Europe as the democratic conscience of Europe against democratic backsliding then and today will be compared with a view to the question of their effectiveness. In this context the examples of the Russian Federation and of Turkey regarding the challenges from anti-liberal forces and authoritarianism for democracy and human rights will be addressed as will be the use of the state of emergency. Which factors influence the “socialization” of member states to become guardians of common European values? Is the Council of Europe able to meet its accountability towards the citizens of Europe? This will lead to some conclusions on the legacy of the “Greek Case” for a proper response to the challenges of democratic backsliding and a shrinking space for human rights and the rule of law in the Council of Europe today as well as some recommendations for the future. Fundstelle: Benedek, , The Effectiveness of the Tools of the Council of Europe Against Democratic Backsliding: What Lessons Can be Learned from the “Greek Case”?, ALJ 2020, 1-21 ( http://alj.uni-graz.at/index.php/alj/article/view/152 ).","PeriodicalId":258698,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Law Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115875756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eigentumsschutz und Verkehrsschutz bei Kunstgegenständen im österreichischen Kollisions- und Privatrecht","authors":"S. Arnold","doi":"10.25364/1.2:2015.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25364/1.2:2015.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Beim Erwerb von Kunstgegenstanden muss das Recht in seiner sozialen Steuerungsfunktion einen Ausgleich von Eigentumsschutz und Verkehrsschutz schaffen: Im Interesse der Eigentumer – einschlieslich der Erben ursprunglicher Eigentumer – liegt die Aufrechterhaltung der Ursprungsposition; im Interesse potentieller Erwerber liegt eine bestandskraftige Neuordnung der Eigentumsposition zu ihren Gunsten. Zugleich kann das Privatrecht auch offentliche Anliegen integrieren – sicher die Schaffung von Rechtsfrieden und Rechtssicherheit, vielleicht aber auch Allgemeinwohlbelange wie das offentliche Interesse an der offentlichen Sichtbarkeit bedeu-tender Kunstwerke. Die erste Weichenstellung fur das sachenrechtliche Schicksal von Kunstgegenstanden stellt das internationale Privatrecht. Uber die abschliesende Eigentumszuordnung entscheidet dann das jeweils anwendbare materielle Sachenrecht. Das osterreichische Kollisionsrecht bewirkt ebenso wie das osterreichische Sachenrecht de lege lata einen angemessenen Ausgleich von Eigentumsschutz und Verkehrsschutz. Im osterreichischen Internationalen Sachenrecht ist auch bei Kunstgegenstanden gem § 31 Abs 1 IPRG an die lex rei sitae anzuknupfen. § 7 IPRG ermoglicht eine angemessene Behandlung der daraus resultierenden Probleme des Statutenwechsels. Auch der Vindikationsanspruch und seine Verjahrung unterliegen im osterreichischen Kollisionsrecht der lex rei sitae. Im osterreichischen Sachenrecht bewirken die §§ 367 und 368 ABGB einen angemessenen Ausgleich von Eigentumsschutz und Verkehrsschutz, wenn man die in § 368 Abs 2 ABGB angelegten Nachforschungsobliegenheiten fruchtbar werden lasst. So kann das Sachenrecht auch dazu beitragen, dass die Erwerber von Kunstgegenstanden besondere Sorgfalt walten lassen und in Zweifelsfallen die Provenienz der Werke erforschen. Dieser Ansatz lasst auch eine rechtsfortbildende Beweislastumkehr bezuglich der Gutglaubigkeit entbehrlich werden. Die Regeln der Ersitzung schaffen auch bei Kunstgegenstanden einen erganzenden Verkehrsschutz, der zum Rechtsfrieden beitragt. Schlieslich verhindert die Unverjahrbarkeit des Vindikationsanspruchs die dogmatisch, rechtspolitisch und verfassungsrechtlich zweifelhafte Verfestigung eines Eigentums ohne Sachherrschaft.","PeriodicalId":258698,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Law Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129038770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Warum sozialpsychologische Forschung für die Rechtswissenschaften von Interesse ist","authors":"Katja Corcoran, J. Crusius","doi":"10.25364/1.1:2014.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25364/1.1:2014.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Ziel des Artikels ist es, zu ergrunden, welchen Beitrag die psychologische Forschung fur die Rechtswissenschaften im Rahmen des Governance-Ansatzes leisten kann. Wir umreisen, mit welchen Fragestellungen sich die psychologische und insbesondere die sozialpsychologische Forschung beschaftigt, und verdeutlichen anhand eines Beispiels, warum die Erkenntnisse aus dieser Forschung fur die Ziele der Rechtswissenschaften relevant sind. Zudem stellen wir das Experiment als eine zentrale Forschungsmethode der Psychologie vor und zeigen dessen Vorteile und Grenzen auf.","PeriodicalId":258698,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Law Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130119370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Commission’s proposal to establish a European Monetary Fund - a critical analysis","authors":"Hannes Hofmeister","doi":"10.25364/01.5:2018.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25364/01.5:2018.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"On December 6, 2017, the European Commission published a set of proposals to reform the euro area. These proposals include, inter alia, the creation of a post of European Finance minister, a euro area budget-line and the establishment of a European Monetary Fund (EMF). The latter will be at the centre of this article. The Commission does not intend to set up the EMF anew from scratch. Rather, the new EMF is to be built on the wellestablished structure of the European Stability Mechanism (ESM). The new EMF will thus succeed to and replace the ESM, with the latter’s current financial and institutional structure essentially preserved. However, the new institution will also take on a number of additional functions, such as providing a financial backstop for the Single Resolution Fund (SRF), enhanced monitoring tasks and the responsibility to report regularly to the European Parliament. But will these changes make EMU more efficient, coherent and democratic? And has the EU the competence to establish such a mechanism at all? The objective of this article is to answer these complex questions. Fundstelle: Hofmeister , The Commission’s Proposal to Establish a European Monetary Fund: A Critical Analysis, ALJ 2018, 139–158 ( http://alj.uni-graz.at/index.php/alj/article/view/126 ).","PeriodicalId":258698,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Law Journal","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133073321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Datenschutz in den sozialen Medien aus privatrechtlicher Perspektive","authors":"S. Perner","doi":"10.25364/1.4:2017.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25364/1.4:2017.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Der vorliegende Kommentar bezieht sich auf den Beitrag „Datenschutz in den sozialen Medien aus privatrechtlicher Perspektive“ von Johannes Hager (ALJ 2/2017, 95) und beleuchtet einige osterreichische Besonderheiten. Vor allem das Verhaltnis des Datenschutzes in der digitalen Welt zum Schutz von Personlichkeitsrechten ist nach wie vor sehr aktuell und wirft zahlreiche Probleme auf. Fundstelle: Perner, Datenschutz in den sozialen Medien aus privatrechtlicher Perspektive, ALJ 2/2017, 105–109 (http://alj.uni-graz.at/index.php/alj/article/view/89).","PeriodicalId":258698,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Law Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134405190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technocracy and Posttechnocracy","authors":"Christian Hiebaum","doi":"10.25364/01.5:2018.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25364/01.5:2018.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Technocracy has a rather bad reputation. A large part of radical political critique (particularly of the European Union) amounts to criticism of technocratic decision-making. At the same time, political campaigners have a good chance to make themselves popular with the electorate by suggesting filling the government with “experts.” And prominent economists deplore the lack of expertise manifest, they think, in austerity policies that have been prescribed by supposedly technocratic authorities. Some of them explicitly doubt that we suffer from too much technocracy. In order to dissolve the apparent contradiction between technocracy critique and technocracy denial (or the desire for more expertise in policy making) I propose the concept of posttechnocracy. Much of today’s criticism of technocracy, I claim, actually applies better to posttechnocracy. In this paper I roughly distinguish technocracy and posttechnocracy by taking a closer look at their respective relations to bureaucracy, hierarchy, participation, and ideological plurality.","PeriodicalId":258698,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Law Journal","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133376705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Libertärer Paternalismus und Vertragsfreiheit: Potential, Prämissen und Probleme im liberalen Verfassungsstaat","authors":"R. Sturn","doi":"10.25364/1.1:2014.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25364/1.1:2014.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird das Konzept bewusst gestalteter „Entscheidungsarchitekturen“ (choice architectures) in ein allgemeineres Koordinatensystem von Ordnungspolitik und Regulierung in liberalen Verfassungsstaaten eingeordnet und im Hinblick auf mogliche Probleme diskutiert. Im Zentrum stehen dabei neuere Diskussionen um den – aus der Verhaltensokonomik entwickelten – libertaren, „weichen“ Paternalismus. Es wird argumentiert, dass dessen Instrumente das Gefuge liberaler, demokratischer Verfassungsstaaten zweckmasig erganzen, sofern deren Mehr-Ebenen-Struktur funktioniert – und Individuen neben ihrer Rolle als (zum Teil schutzbedurftige) Konsumenten auch jene als Burger effektiv wahrnehmen (konnen).","PeriodicalId":258698,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Law Journal","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123123444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}