{"title":"Measurement and simulation of junction to board thermal resistance and its application in thermal modeling","authors":"B. Joiner, V. Adams","doi":"10.1109/STHERM.1999.762450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STHERM.1999.762450","url":null,"abstract":"The junction-to-board thermal resistance, /spl theta//sub JB/ or theta JB, is a figure of merit for the thermal performance of surface mount integrated circuit packages relative to the printed circuit board temperature. The determination of /spl theta//sub JB/ by measurement or simulation is described. Examples of the use of /spl theta//sub JB/ in thermal modeling are provided along with estimates of anticipated accuracy. This model provides substantial accuracy improvements over estimates of thermal performance based on junction-to-ambient thermal resistance.","PeriodicalId":253023,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (Cat. No.99CH36306)","volume":"610 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123948758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimizing cost and thermal performance: rapid prototyping of a high pin count cavity-up enhanced plastic ball grid array (EPBGA) package","authors":"B. Zahn","doi":"10.1109/STHERM.1999.762440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STHERM.1999.762440","url":null,"abstract":"A three-dimensional finite element model of a 420 lead (5 row perimeter) cavity-up enhanced plastic ball grid array (EPBGA) package was developed using the ANSYS/sup TM/ finite element simulation code. The developed model was utilized to perform a sensitivity analysis in order to quantify the effects of varying package and system motherboard designs. Design variables included: (1) chip size; (2) package substrate metallized plane layers; (3) motherboard metallized plane layers; (4) inner solder ball matrix and vias; (5) package aluminum heat spreader thickness; and (6) chip power dissipation. Predicted package junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (/spl theta//sub JA/) values were used in conjunction with a central composite design of experiments to develop a response surface equation which quickly predicts EPBGA package thermal performance as a function of the six design variables. The methodology described allows for rapid analysis of design options in the \"dynamic\" environment of prototyping, and the implementation of optimized cost effective package designs to meet required standards under multiple customer environments.","PeriodicalId":253023,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (Cat. No.99CH36306)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125455110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal performance of single- and joint-extrusions with discrete heat sources","authors":"B. Lall","doi":"10.1109/STHERM.1999.762430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STHERM.1999.762430","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative investigation of single- and joint-extrusion approaches to the cooling of discrete heat sources is presented. An analytical approach based on iterations of a conjugate thermal network is presented to provide first-order approximations of the thermal design in quick solution times. Correlations are presented for fin-usage-partitioning due to differences in device location and power for the joint-extrusion approach. CFD results were found to be in good agreement with experimentally measured results. CFD solution is recommended for design refinement beyond the quick-solution first-order design of the analytical scheme.","PeriodicalId":253023,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (Cat. No.99CH36306)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121241404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Hirose, S. Yamagata, M. Imamura, Y. Abe, A. Fukui, M. Shimazu, N. Fujimori
{"title":"Thermal management of heat spreader materials for flip chip type package","authors":"Y. Hirose, S. Yamagata, M. Imamura, Y. Abe, A. Fukui, M. Shimazu, N. Fujimori","doi":"10.1109/STHERM.1999.762435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STHERM.1999.762435","url":null,"abstract":"The heat spreader for the organic package in a flip chip assembly was investigated. The thermal management analysis, which is based on thermal simulation techniques and an experimental database, was applied to find suitable materials for the heat spreader. We successfully accomplished the simulation technique for the thermal management, which is consistent with the experimental results. We revealed that the critical stress in the die attach resin should be less than 2 kgf/mm/sup 2/ through this technique. We also revealed that the CTE of the heat spreader material should range from 8 to 16 ppm/K. This value of CTE supports the proposal that sintered Al-SiC is suitable as a heat spreader material for an organic package with flip chip assembly. Furthermore, the adhesive strength of Al-SiC with the resin is strong enough to be used as the heat spreader material.","PeriodicalId":253023,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (Cat. No.99CH36306)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125913936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance comparison of BGA and flex-CSP using parametric FEA models","authors":"B. Lall","doi":"10.1109/STHERM.1999.762437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STHERM.1999.762437","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative investigation of the BGA and flex-CSP designs for packaging of high-performance semiconductors is presented. Parametric finite-element models of the packages are used to study sensitivity, thermal performance, mechanical stresses and reliability on package construction, and correlations for critical spreading resistances are presented. Both the standard and enhanced BGA designs along with thermal and reliability effects of thermal balls are studied. The flex-CSP provides comparable thermal performance to the standard BGA due to a much smaller heat-injection area into the motherboard.","PeriodicalId":253023,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (Cat. No.99CH36306)","volume":"464 7287 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130030487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Active thermal spreader with solid coolant","authors":"J. Batchelder","doi":"10.1109/STHERM.1999.762423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STHERM.1999.762423","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental and modeled thermal resistances are presented for a forced convection heat sink using a spreader plate containing a rotating disk immersed in oil. Heat from a 0.5 cm/sup 2/ source passes through a sliding oil contact into a copper rotor. Heat exits the rotor through a 60 cm/sup 2/ sliding oil contact into a standard forced air thin fin heat sink. The path of lowest thermal resistance is demonstrated to be conduction from a hot surface through the oil to the disk, and then from the disk through the oil to the fin array.","PeriodicalId":253023,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (Cat. No.99CH36306)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133316496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental investigation of an enhanced thermosyphon heat loop for cooling of a high performance electronics module","authors":"R. C. Chu, R. Simons, G. Chrysler","doi":"10.1109/STHERM.1999.762421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STHERM.1999.762421","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the investigation of module cooling utilizing an enhanced thermosyphon heat loop as an alternative to direct air cooling or liquid-to-air cooling with forced convection of the liquid. Using water as the working fluid in the thermosyphon, experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of fill volume, heat load, and condenser air flow rate on overall thermosyphon performance in terms of thermal resistance. Enhancement of evaporator performance using fins was also investigated and the results are reported in the paper.","PeriodicalId":253023,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (Cat. No.99CH36306)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130603260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal impact of solder voids in the electronic packaging of power devices","authors":"N. Zhu","doi":"10.1109/STHERM.1999.762424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STHERM.1999.762424","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of this paper is the thermal impact of solder voids in the electronic packaging of semiconductor power devices. First, the pros and cons of some conventional methods used in thermal analysis are assessed, with emphasis on the accuracy of the commonly-used 45/spl deg/ model in calculating thermal resistance. Finite element thermal analysis is then applied to the case of different solder voids, which are classified and modeled numerically. The thermal resistance for each case is calculated and compared. It is found that different kinds of solder voids have a quite different impact upon the overall package thermal impedance. Large, coalesced voids have a more significant effect than small, distributed voids. The influence of solder voids on the example of a semiconductor laser chip is also analyzed. It is found that the long strip-type heat generating areas/volumes associated with semiconductor laser chips result in a strong sensitivity to the orientation of solder voids underneath. Finally, solder joint inspection criteria outlined in MIL-STD-883D method 2030 are discussed. Some possible modifications are proposed for the inspection of solder joints in semiconductor laser chip bonding.","PeriodicalId":253023,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (Cat. No.99CH36306)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133851851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}