Applied Surface Science最新文献_第6页

Investigation of Helium-Induced lattice disorder in GaN and AlN under precisely localized irradiation 精确定位辐照下氮化镓和氮化铝的氦诱导晶格紊乱研究

IF 6.3 2区材料科学

Applied Surface Science Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163146

Qi Li , Shaoshuai Yao , Xi Lin , Yan Xing , Zaifa Zhou , Qin Chai

{"title":"Investigation of Helium-Induced lattice disorder in GaN and AlN under precisely localized irradiation","authors":"Qi Li , Shaoshuai Yao , Xi Lin , Yan Xing , Zaifa Zhou , Qin Chai","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an in-depth analysis of substrate lattice disorder in GaN and AlN, particularly GaN, under controlled precise irradiation achieved by helium ion microscopy. GaN was exposed to various irradiation fluences (0.01–0.1 nC/μm) at beam energies of 15 keV and 35 keV, with subsequent lattice disorder characterized using scanning, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results reveal that the defective region in GaN is characterized as a vase-shaped profile comprising a bulbous region filled with helium bubbles attached to dislocation loops and a locally amorphous neck region. As the irradiation fluence increases or the beam energy decreases, the defects become denser, leading to the formation of complex defective structures and severe lattice distortions. Under irradiation condition of 15 keV paired with 0.1 nC/μm, crystallographic misorientation, surface swelling, nanocracks formed by the lateral coalescence of helium bubbles, the deficit of N atoms and enriched Ga nanocrystals are identified. The AlN substrate exposed to irradiation exhibits similar damage profiles to GaN, but there is no preferential disordering of the AlN surface. This study enhances the understanding of ion-induced lattice disorder in III-nitrides under light gas ion implantation, providing valuable insights into the irradiation response of III-nitrides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"699 ","pages":"Article 163146"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interface modification-induced high-performance vertical NiOx/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction diodes via O2 plasma treatment

IF 6.3 2区材料科学

Applied Surface Science Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163147

Dinghe Liu , Zeyulin Zhang , Wenming Chai , Hao Chen , Guoliang Peng , Liru Zeng , Chenlu Wang , Dazheng Chen , Qian Feng , Hong Zhou , Chunxiang Zhu , Jincheng Zhang , Chunfu Zhang , Yue Hao

{"title":"Interface modification-induced high-performance vertical NiOx/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction diodes via O2 plasma treatment","authors":"Dinghe Liu , Zeyulin Zhang , Wenming Chai , Hao Chen , Guoliang Peng , Liru Zeng , Chenlu Wang , Dazheng Chen , Qian Feng , Hong Zhou , Chunxiang Zhu , Jincheng Zhang , Chunfu Zhang , Yue Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advancement of NiO<sub>x</sub>/β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> heterojunctions is a crucial approach to overcoming the technical limitations of bipolar Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> power devices. However, the development of interface engineering and the investigation of ohmic characteristics at the metal-NiO<sub>x</sub> interface remain largely unexplored. In this study, we demonstrated that O<sub>2</sub> plasma treatment at a specific time can achieve low ohmic contact resistance (5.8 × 10<sup>-4</sup> Ω·cm<sup>2</sup>) and high breakdown voltage (1340 V) for Ni/NiO<sub>x</sub>/β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> heterojunction diodes, which outperforms most of state-of-the-art Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> heterojunction diodes and Schottky barrier diodes without any terminal structures. The comparative analysis revealed that the variations of NiOOH content at the interface play a pivotal role in affecting the interface properties and the device’s forward characteristics. Following O<sub>2</sub> plasma treatment at a specific duration, the increased presence of the strong dipole NiOOH altered the Ni/NiO<sub>x</sub> interface state, leading to a significant increase in hole concentration on the NiO<sub>x</sub> surface, enhanced transport ability of interface carriers, and a substantial reduction in ohmic contact resistance. This study bridges the knowledge gap between the characteristics of metal–semiconductor interfaces and the ohmic transport mechanism in β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> heterojunctions, offering significant insights for the design and optimization of β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> heterojunction devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"699 ","pages":"Article 163147"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Healable nanoscale deterioration of gold nanothin film

IF 6.3 2区材料科学

Applied Surface Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163138

Parivat Phiphatbunyabhorn , Komsun Lapawae , Witchukorn Phuthong , Anusit Kaewprajak , Tanyakorn Muangnapoh , Pisist Kumnorkaew , Kitiphat Sinthiptharakoon , Varong Pavarajarn

{"title":"Healable nanoscale deterioration of gold nanothin film","authors":"Parivat Phiphatbunyabhorn , Komsun Lapawae , Witchukorn Phuthong , Anusit Kaewprajak , Tanyakorn Muangnapoh , Pisist Kumnorkaew , Kitiphat Sinthiptharakoon , Varong Pavarajarn","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal deterioration in semiconductor devices increases the risk of equipment failures leading to higher operating costs, waste generation, and poor resource utilization. Although the understanding of degradation dynamics and the corresponding molecular products especially at the early stages can improve degradation prevention, the acquisition of such information from real samples is challenging. This is not only because of the ultra-small size of degradation features but also the correlation of measurable data. Herein, nanoscale electrochemical deterioration and healability of ultrathin Au films on an <em>n</em>-type Si substrate are investigated. Considering the possible effect of internal band bending on surface electron mobility and surface reaction, the investigation is performed with different Au thicknesses on <em>n</em>-type and undoped Si substrates with sample storage time varying from 24 h up to 300 h. In conjunction with the structural insight obtained from 4-point probing (4PP) data and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data, the electrochemical dynamics of surface degradation and healing induced by highly localized contact electrification (CE) are described through anionic clusters denoted by atomic force microscope (AFM) force curve mapping data. The finding can contribute to the improvement of surface protection for functional metal films in semiconductor devices and highlights the importance of nanothickness selection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"699 ","pages":"Article 163138"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143745205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Functional group chemistry as a determinant of graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet dispersibility: A molecular dynamics study

IF 6.3 2区材料科学

Applied Surface Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163142

Ehsan Shahini , Narendra Chaulagain , Karthik Shankar , Tian Tang

{"title":"Functional group chemistry as a determinant of graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet dispersibility: A molecular dynamics study","authors":"Ehsan Shahini , Narendra Chaulagain , Karthik Shankar , Tian Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study contributes to addressing the challenges in producing high-quality graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) nanosheets through liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE), by investigating the impact of chemical functionalization. Utilizing molecular dynamics simulations, functionalization with sulfonic (SO<sub>3</sub>H), carboxyl (COOH), amine (NH<sub>2</sub>), hydroxyl (OH), and aldehyde (CHO) is explored to assess their impact on LPE efficiency in DMF. Our findings reveal that SO<sub>3</sub>H and COOH functional groups significantly enhance exfoliation efficiency by improving solvent-nanosheet interactions, decreasing solvent mobility, and reducing the free energy required for exfoliation. NH<sub>2</sub> and OH groups also contribute positively, though to a lesser extent, while CHO hinders the process by increasing the free energy of exfoliation and disrupting solvent–solvent interactions. Experimental validation confirms the superior dispersibility of COOH-functionalized g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> in DMF compared to pristine g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, aligning with computational predictions. Based on these insights, practical guidelines are proposed for solvent selection to optimize the production of functionalized g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. Molecular-level mechanisms understood from this work can facilitate the development of strategies for advancing the synthesis and utilization of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"699 ","pages":"Article 163142"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143758109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

N, P, S co-doped carbon encapsulating silicon formed yolk-shell Si/C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

IF 6.3 2区材料科学

Applied Surface Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163141

An-Min Fei , Liang Wu , Mei-Tong Wei , Wen-Hua Shi , Zhi Qian , Zong-Bu Qin , Hemdan S.H. Mohamed , Zhi-Yi Hu , Jing Liu , Yu Li , Bao-Lian Su

{"title":"N, P, S co-doped carbon encapsulating silicon formed yolk-shell Si/C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batteries","authors":"An-Min Fei , Liang Wu , Mei-Tong Wei , Wen-Hua Shi , Zhi Qian , Zong-Bu Qin , Hemdan S.H. Mohamed , Zhi-Yi Hu , Jing Liu , Yu Li , Bao-Lian Su","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The silicon (Si) anode boasts an exceptionally high theoretical capacity (4200 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>), making it an attractive candidate for advanced lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, its practical application is limited by poor electrical conductivity and disastrous volume expansion. In this work, we have successfully synthesized a yolk-shell composite material (Si@H-CoNPSC) consisting of N, P, S co-doped carbon encapsulated silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) via a self-template method based on the Kirkendall effect. The Si@H-CoNPSC anode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, after 300 cycles, keeping a specific capacity of 872.8 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>. Additionally, after 150 cycles, it retains 1305.8 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.5 A g<sup>−1</sup>, with a capacity retention of 91.1 %. These outstanding results are mainly due to the co-doped hollow carbon shell, which improves the anode’s conductivity and reduces volume changes during cycling. This study provides new insights for the designing of silicon-carbon anode structures for high-performance LIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"699 ","pages":"Article 163141"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143745199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Macroscale superlubricity of viscous base oils achieved on soft epoxy resin coatings: The effects of molecular structure of oils containing hydroxyl groups

IF 6.3 2区材料科学

Applied Surface Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163126

Xiaoqiang Liu, Rong Liu, Guangping An, Shunjiang Guo

{"title":"Macroscale superlubricity of viscous base oils achieved on soft epoxy resin coatings: The effects of molecular structure of oils containing hydroxyl groups","authors":"Xiaoqiang Liu, Rong Liu, Guangping An, Shunjiang Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It still is a challenge for the most of base oils to reach the superlubricity at macroscale because of their intrinsic viscosity. Hybrid lubrication that combines the polymer coatings with liquid lubricants, has proven to be a successful approach to achieve superlubricity for viscous oils. However, the molecule structural effects of oil lubricants on the hybrid lubrication performance as well as the synergistic lubrication mechanisms of the oils on polymer coatings still are unclear. In this work, the molecular structural effects on the superlubricity behaviors on epoxy resin coatings were investigated by the comparative lubrication performance of linear and branched polar oils. The results showed that linear polar oils provided superior hybrid lubrication performance on epoxy resin coatings compared to the branched polar oils, even achieving robust superlubricity at the high rotary speeds. The superlubricity disappearance of branched oils at low rotary speeds could be related to the absence of epoxy resin transfer layers and weak hydroxylation of the counter ball surface. While the adsorption behaviors of the different polar oils on the epoxy resin coatings, investigated through molecular dynamics simulations, are the main responsibility for the lubrication failure of branched oils at high rotary speeds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"699 ","pages":"Article 163126"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143758108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrospun sandwich-structured C@Si/C@C as anode for advanced lithium-ion batteries

IF 6.3 2区材料科学

Applied Surface Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163139

Yabing Chen, Juntong Huang, Zhi Chen, Haijun Zeng, Zhaohui Wu, Huiyong Yang, Li Chen, Qi Sun, Wentao Qian

引用次数: 0

Hybrid laser-micro-arc oxidation techniques for enhanced biocompatibility and surface modification of Ti13Nb13Zr alloy in biomedical applications

IF 6.3 2区材料科学

Applied Surface Science Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163136

Joanna Sypniewska , Marek Szkodo , Beata Majkowska-Marzec , Łukasz Pawłowski , Aleksandra Mirowska , Jacek Ryl , Aleksandra Mielewczyk-Gryń , Łukasz Gaweł , Enrique Martínez Campos , Juan Pablo Fernández Hernán

{"title":"Hybrid laser-micro-arc oxidation techniques for enhanced biocompatibility and surface modification of Ti13Nb13Zr alloy in biomedical applications","authors":"Joanna Sypniewska , Marek Szkodo , Beata Majkowska-Marzec , Łukasz Pawłowski , Aleksandra Mirowska , Jacek Ryl , Aleksandra Mielewczyk-Gryń , Łukasz Gaweł , Enrique Martínez Campos , Juan Pablo Fernández Hernán","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The research conducted in this paper focuses on an innovative hybrid surface modification technique for Ti13Nb13Zr alloys, combining an Nd: YAG laser treatment process with a micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique. The work aimed to increase biocompatibility and improve surface properties, crucial for biomedical applications. By introducing zinc and sodium ions into the ceramic films and manipulating the duration of the MAO process, significant improvements in surface morphology, corrosion resistance, and cytocompatibility were achieved. Surface topography analyses showed a dual modification effect, increasing roughness, isotropy, and wettability properties, which are important for improving osteointegration and cell proliferation. Corrosion resistance tests confirmed a clear increase in corrosion resistance for hybrid-modified samples, especially those with a hydroxyapatite-enriched MAO ceramic layer. Cytocompatibility tests showed increased cell adhesion and proliferation, highlighting the benefits of combining laser and MAO techniques. These results indicate the great potential of the hybrid method in terms of improving the functionality and durability of bone and dental implants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"698 ","pages":"Article 163136"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143745200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimized Active Structure Configuration of the MOF Derived Cu-based Catalysts via Different Atmospheres for Selective CO2 Hydrogenation

IF 6.3 2区材料科学

Applied Surface Science Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163134

Fenghai Cao , Junhao Liu , Kaizhuang Xu , Yu Tang , Lizhi Wu , Peng Wang , Li Tan

{"title":"Optimized Active Structure Configuration of the MOF Derived Cu-based Catalysts via Different Atmospheres for Selective CO2 Hydrogenation","authors":"Fenghai Cao , Junhao Liu , Kaizhuang Xu , Yu Tang , Lizhi Wu , Peng Wang , Li Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Significant progress has been evidenced in the development of the synergistic effect of the various active sites for selective catalyzing CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation toward the target product. Unveiling the roles of different active sites is conducive to understanding the structure–activity relationship in complex reactions. In this study, the pretreatment atmosphere plays a pivotal role in modulating active site properties. The optimized Ar-pretreated Cu-UiO-66-Ar catalyst shows a high methanol space–time yield of 733 μmol g<sub>cat.</sub><sup>−1</sup>h<sup>−1</sup> at 200 °C, 3.0 MPa, which is 2.7 times than that of H<sub>2</sub>-pretreated Cu-UiO-66-H<sub>2</sub> catalyst (274 μmol g<sub>cat.</sub><sup>−1</sup>h<sup>−1</sup>). We revealed the interface (Cu–O–Zr sites) and Cu nanoparticles (Cu–Cu sites) co-play a pivotal role in promoting CO<sub>2</sub> conversion and H<sub>2</sub> dissociation via Cu–Cu sites feeds H* to Cu–O–Zr-anchored CO*/HCO* species. Rational contrast experiments of the in-situ DRIFTS highlight the accelerated elementary steps in the CO<sub>2</sub> conversion process contact with the enhanced catalytic activity. Thus, this work is helpful to advance the understanding of the potential mechanism in a composite cross-reaction network.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"698 ","pages":"Article 163134"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143745208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surface functionalization of rutile TiO2 extracted from Egyptian ilmenite with titanosilicate for enhanced photocatalytic and ion removal performance

IF 6.3 2区材料科学

Applied Surface Science Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163135

Eman Z. Hegazy , Islam Hamdy Abd El Maksod , Shaymaa El-Sayed El-Shafey , Amina A. Attia , Amal M. Ibrahim , Nahla Ismail , Mokhles K. Azer

{"title":"Surface functionalization of rutile TiO2 extracted from Egyptian ilmenite with titanosilicate for enhanced photocatalytic and ion removal performance","authors":"Eman Z. Hegazy , Islam Hamdy Abd El Maksod , Shaymaa El-Sayed El-Shafey , Amina A. Attia , Amal M. Ibrahim , Nahla Ismail , Mokhles K. Azer","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the surface modification of rutile TiO<sub>2</sub>,extracted from local ilmenite ore, by amorphous titanosilicates to enhance its photocatalytic and ion exchange properties. The modification was achieved using titanium oxide, and commercial sodium silicate. The modified samples were characterized by various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), BET surface area analysis, Diffuse reflectance UV–Vis spectra, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and ion exchange for metal ions (Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Pb<sup>2+</sup>, Hg<sup>2+</sup>, and Cd<sup>2+</sup>) were evaluated to assess the performance of the modified materials. Sample 2, which showed the highest surface area and mesoporosity, exhibited superior photocatalytic activity and enhanced metal ion removal, particularly for Pb<sup>2+</sup>. Sample 3, which contained silica, demonstrated poor adsorption and degradation capabilities due to blocked active sites. This work highlights the significant impact of structural modifications on the photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO<sub>2</sub>, offering an economically viable approach for large-scale environmental applications by using ilmenite and sodium silicate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"698 ","pages":"Article 163135"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143745209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0