Bo Ouyang , Wenbin Huang , Feiya Yu , Yuechuan Du , Zheng Zhang , Avinash Chaurasiya , Siyu Liu , Jipeng Zhu , Erjun Kan , Rajdeep Singh Rawat
{"title":"Controllable reduction mechanism of rust via thermal-field-modulated plasma strategy","authors":"Bo Ouyang , Wenbin Huang , Feiya Yu , Yuechuan Du , Zheng Zhang , Avinash Chaurasiya , Siyu Liu , Jipeng Zhu , Erjun Kan , Rajdeep Singh Rawat","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rust removal via glow-discharge plasma has attracted considerable attention owing to its dry environment with little contaminant, environmental-friendliness and treatment rapidity. The plasma-rust interaction process has been studied over the years, but a crucial influencing factor, the surface temperature of the iron substrate, remains inadequately controlled during plasma processing, leading to suboptimal rust removal performance and an ambiguous mechanism. Here, we innovatively modulate the rust-reducing performance on iron (Fe) surface via controlling surface thermal field during plasma processing along with the elucidation of rust reduction mechanism. Coupled with operando plasma diagnostics along with numerical simulation, it is confirmed that plasma processing with the cooling component introduction causes the insufficient surface thermal field on Fe substrate and hence results in partial Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> reduction towards porous Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with little metallic phase formation. Comparatively, excessive thermal field results in exorbitant surface kinetic and thereby resulting in compact layer formation with inner FeO on Fe surface. Such phenomenon is ascribed to the initially achieved H<sub>2</sub>O vapor constraint within oxide to achieve FeO. We found that appropriate thermal field, where the Fe surface temperature is neither too high or too low, can remove rust effectively owing to synergistic effect of thermal field and porous structure formation. Our work is to provide a novel plasma-based pathway to effectively modulate surface oxide reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"698 ","pages":"Article 163116"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compressive strain engineering in inclined SnSb2Te4 thin film for high-performance TTE photodetection","authors":"Mingjing Chen, Zihao Chen, Yangyang Zhen, Tianchang Qin, Xin Qian, Shufang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163108","url":null,"abstract":"Self-powered photodetectors based on the transverse thermoelectric (TTE) effect have attracted significant attentions due to their ultrasensitive detection and sub-100-ns-level response speeds. However,<!-- --> <!-- -->achieving<!-- --> <!-- -->practically viable detection sensitivity<!-- --> <!-- -->remains a critical challenge in this emerging field. Here, we propose a substrate-induced-compressive strain strategy to enhance the TTE performance in <em>c</em>-axis inclined SnSb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>4</sub> thin films.<!-- --> <!-- -->Through systematic investigation of three lattice-mismatched substrates (MgO, SrTiO<sub>3</sub>, and LaAlO<sub>3</sub>), the controlled strains (up to 12 % for LaAlO<sub>3</sub>) enhance electrical conductivity, suppress thermal conductivity, and amplify Seebeck coefficient anisotropy. This synergistic optimization<!-- --> <!-- -->enables<!-- --> <!-- -->superior TTE detection performance under 308 nm UV pulsed laser<!-- --> <!-- -->irradiation, whose<!-- --> <!-- -->record-high sensitivity is 20.5 V/mJ, ultrafast response time is 73 ns and exceptional figure of merit (<em>F</em><sub>m</sub>) is 566 mV/ns. Our findings<!-- --> <!-- -->not only position SnSb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>4</sub> as a prime candidate for<!-- --> <!-- -->weak-signal UV photodetection<!-- --> <!-- -->but also establish substrate-induced-compressive strain as<!-- --> <!-- -->a universal strategy for developing high-sensitivity and fast-response TTE photodetectors.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antun Habajec, Tin Klačić, Davor Kovačević, Juraj Nikolić
{"title":"Improving the surface and optical properties of biocompatible chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose nanofilms by salt annealing","authors":"Antun Habajec, Tin Klačić, Davor Kovačević, Juraj Nikolić","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163112","url":null,"abstract":"Polyelectrolyte multilayers are nanofilms often prepared out of polysaccharides with a wide range of applications as anticorrosion, antireflective or antimicrobial coatings. In this study, we prepared films from two biocompatible polysaccharides, chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose. Such thin films, when prepared on model surfaces such as silicon or glass, change the optical properties of the surface. For this reason, we modified the films post-adsorption by immersing them in sodium chloride solution, a process known as salt annealing. By varying the salt concentration and duration of annealing, both surface and optical properties of the multilayer were tuned and improved. The untreated films made the substrate reflect light more diffusely, leading to a clouded appearance of the surface. This effect was reduced via salt annealing, resulting in a film which does not affect the optical properties of the surface. In addition to the changes in optical properties, the wetting behaviour of the films was also studied. This study successfully correlates film roughness and the changes in the diffuse reflectance. Furthermore, as a proof of concept for application, the chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose film was successfully prepared on a cherry tomato where salt annealing successfully diminished the influence of the film on its reflective properties.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tiantian Wang , Hailong Li , Yulong Li , Tianbin Yuan , Kangning Xue , Feng Yu , Yu Guo , Juan Hou
{"title":"Efficient Cu3 clusters on MXene (Ti2CO2) for CO electroreduction","authors":"Tiantian Wang , Hailong Li , Yulong Li , Tianbin Yuan , Kangning Xue , Feng Yu , Yu Guo , Juan Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Facilitating the carbon–carbon (C<img>C) coupling process to convert carbon monoxide (CO) into high value-added hydrocarbons is currently a significant challenge for electrocatalysts. Herein, we demonstrate that sub-nano Cu clusters anchored on MXene (Ti<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>) exhibit exceptional activity and selectivity for C<sub>1</sub> and C<sub>2</sub> hydrocarbons. Through comprehensive <em>ab initio</em> calculations, we identify sub-nano Cu clusters of an optimal size that consistently exhibit selectivity for methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and ethylene (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>) with overpotentials of 0.38 V and 0.43 V, respectively. These spatially confined sub-nano copper (Cu) clusters possess the ability to simultaneously adsorb multiple CO molecules, and d-p hybridization energy level shifts promotes the C<img>C coupling process. Furthermore, the selectivity of these clusters can be modulated by the interaction between the clusters and the substrate. We elucidate the catalytic mechanism and the structure–activity relationship for these sub-nano Cu clusters with robust stability. These findings offer crucial insights into the atomic-level design of CO conversion into high-value chemicals and catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"698 ","pages":"Article 163118"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuo Liu , Yaru Li , Yidi Li , Quanmin Xie , Lixia Bao , Xiaojing Qiao
{"title":"Defect-engineered hollow black TiO2 for enhanced microwave absorption via interface polarization","authors":"Shuo Liu , Yaru Li , Yidi Li , Quanmin Xie , Lixia Bao , Xiaojing Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The exponential expansion of electronic devices has significantly augmented concerns regarding electromagnetic interference. This has led to a growing emphasis on developing materials with outstanding microwave-absorbing capabilities in materials science. Black titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) has come to the fore as a material of exceptional promise, captivating researchers’ attention owing to its notable electrical conductivity and its electronically tunable structure. In this research, hollow black TiO<sub>2</sub> featuring abundant heterostructures was successfully prepared using the template method, exhibiting excellent microwave attenuation properties. This material demonstrated a remarkable maximum reflection loss reaching −62.1 dB and displayed a broad effective bandwidth of 4.24 GHz. The improvement in microwave absorption can be primarily ascribed to the incorporation of defects and hollow structures, such as oxygen vacancies. Defects endow black TiO<sub>2</sub> with a unique heterostructure, featuring disordered shell layers surrounding the crystal. This structure strengthens dipole and interface polarization effects, thereby improving microwave attenuation. Additionally, oxygen vacancy defects enhance the material’s conductivity, increasing conduction losses. Furthermore, the hollow structure further promotes the occurrence of numerous scattering and reflections of incident waves, thereby extending their transmission path. These results provide substantial and useful guidance for the engineering and construction of core–shell microwave absorbers primarily composed of black TiO<sub>2</sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"698 ","pages":"Article 163121"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yafei Kong , Xinyu Xie , Yuanchao Huang , Weixing Rao , Xiaodong Pi , Deren Yang , Lingmao Xu
{"title":"Influence of nitrogen doping concentration on mechanical properties of 4H-SiC: A comparative study of C and Si faces","authors":"Yafei Kong , Xinyu Xie , Yuanchao Huang , Weixing Rao , Xiaodong Pi , Deren Yang , Lingmao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of varying nitrogen doping concentrations on the mechanical properties and anisotropic behavior of 4H-SiC substrates, with particular emphasis on the differences between the C and Si faces using nanoindentation techniques. The results reveal that the C face exhibits higher hardness and elastic modulus than the Si face at equivalent doping concentrations. Furthermore, an increase in nitrogen doping concentration results in a decrease in hardness and elastic modulus of both the C and Si faces, while significantly reducing the anisotropy between these two surfaces. This underscores the substantial influence of nitrogen doping on the mechanical properties of 4H-SiC, as it transforms Si-C bonds into Si-N bonds, reducing bond strength, which in turn exacerbates lattice distortion and decreases fracture toughness. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) indicate that the breaking of Si-N bonds and forming of Si-O, Si-H, or Si-OH bonds on the C face lowers surface energy, which contributes to the observed reduction in anisotropy. The XPS results confirm the formation of a thicker oxide layer on the C face of the heavily doped samples, while the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) difference between the two surfaces decreases with increasing doping concentration due to reduced mechanical anisotropy. These findings provide valuable insights for enhancing double-sided CMP efficiency and optimizing the processing technology in highly nitrogen-doped 4H-SiC wafers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"698 ","pages":"Article 163111"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ting Guo , Hao Fei , Shuaiting Lv , Fangyang Liu , Dezhi Wang , Zhuangzhi Wu
{"title":"Computationally guided construction of optimal Mo2C/C electrocatalysts toward high-efficiency hydrogen evolution reaction","authors":"Ting Guo , Hao Fei , Shuaiting Lv , Fangyang Liu , Dezhi Wang , Zhuangzhi Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the synthesis of beta-molybdenum carbide (Mo<sub>2</sub>C), hydrocarbons and their derivatives are typically used as carbon (C) sources and reducing agents, resulting in unavoidable residual carbon. The residual carbon layer may accelerate the sluggish desorption kinetics on the Mo<sub>2</sub>C surface via electronic interactions, and intrinsically enhance the hydrogen evolution catalytic activity of the Mo<sub>2</sub>C/C composite material. To discover the optimal configuration of Mo<sub>2</sub>C/C electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the hydrogen adsorption free energies (ΔG<sub>H*</sub>) of numerous inequivalent carbon sites were calculated. The corresponding results show that when a monolayer of carbon decorates the surface of Mo<sub>2</sub>C, most of the carbon sites exhibit ideal ΔG<sub>H*</sub>, but once the surface carbon layer increases to a double layer, no significant improvement can be observed. Guided by the computational results, a mild static hydrogen atmosphere calcination strategy was proposed to selectively etch the residual carbon layer on the Mo<sub>2</sub>C surface and achieve accelerated HER kinetics with a low Tafel slope of 46 mV dec<sup>−1</sup>. This work demonstrates that reducing the surface residual carbon layer provides a facile tactic to optimize catalytic activity for metal carbide electrocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"698 ","pages":"Article 163109"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jui-Yeh Rau , Yulin Xie , Zhujian Mao , Youyi Wang , Jiayi Hao , Shihan Cai , Jian Huang
{"title":"Enhanced hydrogen separation with ZIF-8/α-Al2O3 membranes synthesized via PDA/PEI-chelated zinc ions","authors":"Jui-Yeh Rau , Yulin Xie , Zhujian Mao , Youyi Wang , Jiayi Hao , Shihan Cai , Jian Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the coupling agent polydopamine/polyethyleneimine (PDA/PEI) was utilized to modify the surface of an α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> support. Owing to the cross-linking characteristics of the –NH<sub>2</sub> and –OH functional groups with Zn<sup>2+</sup> ions on the support by the coupling agent, a continuous and dense 2D-zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) membrane was induced and regulated. The hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) separation performance, mechanism and preparation optimization of the ZIF-8 membrane grown on the modified layer of PDA/PEI were investigated. The results indicated that a ZIF-8 membrane with an approximate thickness of 12 μm formed on a Zn<sup>2+</sup>@PDA/PEI-modified α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> support. The H<sub>2</sub> permeance of the ZIF-8 membrane was 3.02 × 10<sup>–7</sup> mol·Pa<sup>−1</sup>·m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup> at 25 °C and 0.15 MPa, with ideal selectivities of 12, 51, and 59 for H<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub>, respectively. Notably, these values significantly exceeded the Robeson upper limits. The primary mechanism of zinc ion complexation in the PDA/PEI codeposit layer involves the formation of complexes between the O and N atoms on the layer and Zn<sup>2+</sup>, and a significant number of imines (NH=) can be employed to chelate Zn<sup>2+</sup> and facilitate the formation of Zn =N compounds. This facilitated the heterogeneous nucleation of ZIF-8 on the support surface, resulting in the synthesis of continuous ZIF-8 membranes with ultrahigh H<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> selectivity and excellent intergrowth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"698 ","pages":"Article 163117"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wiyogo P. Wicaksono, Sohyun Park, Joung-Il Moon, Kihyun Kim, Jaebum Choo
{"title":"Controlled nanogap formation in electrochemical SERS gold nanosubstrates: Enhancing sensitivity through Au nano-popcorn structures","authors":"Wiyogo P. Wicaksono, Sohyun Park, Joung-Il Moon, Kihyun Kim, Jaebum Choo","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163115","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a novel approach to enhance the sensitivity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based DNA hybridization assays using electrochemical SERS (EC-SERS) on gold nano-popcorn substrates (AuNPSs). While polymerase chain reaction (PCR) remains the gold standard for molecular diagnostics, it has time and labor intensity limitations. SERS spectroscopy offers advantages in sensitivity, speed, and potential for point-of-care testing. Building on previous work with gold nano-dimple substrates, we developed a platform utilizing AuNPSs, which exhibit higher SERS enhancement factors. We achieved significant improvements in sensitivity by applying an electric potential to control the nanogap between the AuNPSs and DNA-SERS nanotags. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) genes of SARS-CoV-2 were used as a target marker model. The electrically controlled nanogap flattens the DNA hybridization complex, bringing the malachite green Raman reporter closer to the AuNPS surface. This approach improved the detection limit by up to 10 times that of conventional SERS-based DNA hybridization assays. We also optimized hybridization conditions and performed an EC-SERS analysis. This novel EC-SERS platform represents a significant step towards developing amplification-free molecular diagnostics with enhanced sensitivity and rapid detection capabilities. The technology shows promise for application in various fields requiring sensitive and specific molecular diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Promotion of the photo thermal catalytic CO2 reduction on the Ag modified BiOCl/Bi2WO6 composites","authors":"Yiqi Wang, Ziying Hu, Jinlong Wen, Xiao Li, Jing Chen, Can-Zhong Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163083","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of heterojunction composites can effectively inhibit the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs in semiconductor catalysts. Further, the SPR effects of noble metal can promote the catalyst’s light utilization and enhance the photothermal conversion. The photothermal synergy effects may improve the CO<sub>2</sub> reduction ability of catalysts. In this article, Ag particles were loaded on the surfaces of BiOCl/Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub> heterojunction catalysts by the UV light reduction method to successfully construct a ternary composite catalyst Ag/BiOCl/Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub>. The catalyst produces CO at 21.21 μmol/g/h rate and CH<sub>4</sub> at 6.41 μmol/g/h rate in the solid–gas reaction system containing CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O vapor under the 300 W Xe lamp irradiation. The CO yield is 7.6 and 16.1 times that of the pure BiOCl and Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub>, respectively. Moreover, through in situ infrared spectroscopy, photoelectrochemistry and UV–Vis DRS characterization, the intermediates, charge transfer path and reaction mechanism of CO<sub>2</sub> reduction with water vapor were explored. The efficient electron transfer and the SPR effect of Ag synergistically promote the photothermal CO<sub>2</sub> conversion performance. This work provides some new insights for the design and synthesis of Bi based catalysts in photothermal catalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction with H<sub>2</sub>O vapor.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}