Applied Energy最新文献

{"title":"Carbon emission reduction effects of heterogeneous car travelers under green travel incentive strategies","authors":"Qianhui Jiao ,&nbsp;Jinghui Wang ,&nbsp;Long Cheng ,&nbsp;Xuewu Chen ,&nbsp;Qing Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Encouraging car travelers to switch to public transport is an effective measure to alleviate urban traffic congestion and reduce traffic carbon emissions. This study integrates travel survey data with multi-dimensional individual travel data to focus on incentive strategies. The research identifies key target groups for green travel incentives and quantifies the carbon reduction potential and cost-benefit effectiveness of differentiated incentive strategies for heterogeneous car users. Using Nanjing as a case study, the results show that low-income groups, long-distance commuters, and those with lower car dependency are primary targets users for these incentives. The optimal periods for implementing these strategies are during morning and evening peak commuting times. There is a positive correlation between overall carbon reduction and incentive levels. With a green travel incentive of 0.5 yuan per trip, the target group’s carbon emissions from travel decreased by 27.3%. The highest cost-effectiveness was observed with a 0.1 yuan per trip incentive, resulting in a reduction of approximately 280 yuan per ton of carbon. This study provides crucial insights for designing effective green incentive strategies, enhancing both cost-efficiency and carbon reduction in urban transport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 124826"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scenario-driven distributionally robust optimization model for a rural virtual power plant considering flexible energy-carbon-green certificate trading","authors":"Jinye Cao ,&nbsp;Chunlei Xu ,&nbsp;Zhuoya Siqin ,&nbsp;Miao Yu ,&nbsp;Ruisheng Diao","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increased coupling of agriculture and energy, there is a trend to aggregate and manage distributed energy resources in agricultural parks using rural virtual power plants (RVPP). This paper investigates the impact of uncertainties in renewable energy generation and energy usage, as well as the flexibility of energy‑carbon-green certificate (GC) trading, on the planning and operation of RVPP. Firstly, the basic architecture of RVPP is constructed, and a joint trading mechanism for the carbon emission allowance (CEA) and GC is designed. On this basis, a two-stage deterministic optimization model is developed considering capacity configuration in the planning stage and the Stackelberg game in the operation stage of RVPP. Then, several typical scenarios considering the correlation of uncertainties are generated, and the deterministic model is transformed into a distributionally robust optimization (DRO) model in a scenario-driven manner. The confidence intervals of the scenario probability distributions are constrained by a combination of 1-norm and infinity-norm. Finally, the DRO model is decomposed into two problems, solved iteratively using a revised Kriging model and a column-and-constraint generation (C&amp;CG) algorithm. Several cases covering different transaction forms and solution methods are analyzed comparatively to validate the effectiveness of the DRO model. The simulation results indicate that, compared to the energy trading with a fixed price, flexible trading based on the Stackelberg game can reduce the total planning and operating costs by 22.49 %. Compared to the separate trading of GC and CEA, the trading volume of CEA decreases by 44.21 % under the joint trading mechanism, with the increased configuration of renewable energy resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 124904"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic planning for transition from shopping mall parking lots to electric vehicle charging stations","authors":"Gang Yu ,&nbsp;Xianming Ye ,&nbsp;Dunwei Gong ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shopping mall parking lots are promising and popular sites across nations to be transitioned into charging stations due to the nature of land availability and attractiveness to people. Sufficient charging poles contribute to satisfactory user experience, but excessive charging poles jeopardise the financial feasibility. In this study, an optimal transition planning strategy is proposed that carefully balances the number of charging poles to maximise financial returns while ensuring user convenience. For this purpose, a charging demand model at shopping malls is obtained from historical parking records. A real-time parking bay allocation strategy is obtained according to the charging requests against the available charging poles with the consideration of the maximum demand tariff. To handle the inherent uncertainty of charging demand, we formulate the optimal transition planning problem into a stochastic programming framework. In the case study, we investigate the optimal transition plan for a shopping mall parking lot in the United Kingdom. The optimal results show the transition planning method increases the annual profit by 34% and user satisfaction by 37% compared to the baseline method. The insights for the transition plans that accommodate varying factors including EV penetration, types of charging poles, and charging prices are provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 124894"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent design optimization of powertrain component modules in a family of electric vehicles","authors":"Maurizio Clemente,&nbsp;Mauro Salazar,&nbsp;Theo Hofman","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a modeling and optimization framework to design powertrains for a family of electric vehicles, focusing on the concurrent sizing of their motors and batteries. Whilst tailoring these component modules to each individual vehicle type can minimize energy consumption, it can result in high production costs due to the variety of component modules to be realized for the family of vehicles, driving the Total Costs of Ownership (TCO) high. Against this backdrop, we explore modularity and standardization strategies whereby we jointly design unique motor and battery modules to be installed in all the vehicles in the family, using a different number of these modules when needed. Such an approach results in higher production volumes of the same component module, entailing significantly lower manufacturing costs due to Economy-of-Scale (EoS) effects, and hence a potentially lower TCO for the family of vehicles. To solve the resulting “one-size-fits-all” problem, we instantiate a nested framework consisting of an inner convex optimization routine which jointly optimizes the modules’ sizes and the powertrain operation of the entire family, for given driving cycles and modules’ multiplicities. Likewise, we devise an outer loop comparing each configuration to identify the minimum-TCO solution with global optimality guarantees. Finally, we showcase our framework on a case study for the Tesla vehicle family in a benchmark design problem, considering the Model S, Model 3, Model X, and Model Y. Our results show that, compared to an individually tailored design, the application of our concurrent design optimization framework achieves a significant reduction of the production costs for a minimal increase in operational costs, ultimately lowering the family TCO in the benchmark design problem by 3.5%. Moreover, our concurrent design optimization methodology can reduce the TCO by up to 17% for the market conditions considered in our sensitivity study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 124840"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy exchange optimization among multiple geolocated microgrids: A coalition formation approach for cost reduction","authors":"Cláudio A.C. Cambambi,&nbsp;Luciane N. Canha,&nbsp;Maurício Sperandio,&nbsp;Camilo Rangel,&nbsp;Isabel P. Milani","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper describes a hierarchical energy management system for multiple geolocated microgrids, with the aim of minimizing operational costs and maximizing individual benefits. To achieve this goal, a coalition formation algorithm is developed to optimize energy exchanges between geolocated microgrids, leading to a significant reduction in costs. At the local level (first layer), optimization is performed using mixed-integer linear programming, while at the central level, the optimization is carried out through the coalition formation algorithm. The formation of coalitions among geolocated microgrids has demonstrated substantial benefits. For instance, coalitions showed the highest percentage reductions in losses (52.63% to 71.53%) in the cooperative state compared to the non-cooperative state, indicating significant cost savings. In contrast, lower percentage reductions in losses (12.08% to 16.10%) were observed, yet they still benefited from reduced operational costs. Throughout the day, the cooperative method consistently proved to be more effective than the non-cooperative method. The effectiveness of coalitions in reducing losses and operational costs is demonstrated, emphasizing the importance of flexible approaches in addressing challenges such as geolocation and variable weather conditions. This study contributes to the advancement of distributed energy systems, supporting the transition to more sustainable and resilient systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 124902"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric evaluation of carbon dioxide and steam co-gasification of sewage sludge and palm kernel shell in a downdraft fixed bed reactor: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach","authors":"Kannie Winston Kuttin ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Salem ,&nbsp;Lu Ding ,&nbsp;Guangsuo Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermally converting sewage sludge (SS) to harness its energy potential brings challenges like high ash content, which can cause system instability. However, co-gasifying SS with carbon-rich materials has shown to be more advantageous. This study analyses a two-dimensional Eulerian CFD numerical model for a CO₂ and steam cogasification of SS and palm kernel shell in a downdraft gasifier by solving the governing equations of mass phases, turbulence, energy, and momentum on a high-resolution mesh model. The devolatilization phase is defined by comprehensive solid carbon pyrolysis kinetic mechanisms and secondary gas reaction mechanisms, whilst the gasification and combustion processes are governed by applying detailed heterogeneous and homogeneous rate-controlled reactions. An experimental assessment with temperature of 1000 °C; ER of 0.28; fuel feed rate of 0.00061 kgs⁻¹; at atmospheric pressure was conducted to validate the current model considering the temperature distribution and gas composition. The validated model is further used to evaluate the effect of mixing ratios, steam-to-fuel ratio (S/F), carbon dioxide-fuel ratio (CO₂/F), and gasification temperature on syngas composition, lower heating value, hot gas efficiency, gas yield, H₂/CO and synergistic coefficient. The predicted results agree well with the experimental data with the maximum deviational error of 9.52 %. The highest H₂ production was recorded during steam gasification, whilst CO was favored by CO₂ gasification. Synergistic analysis presented the highest synergy coefficient for the SS mixing ratio of 25 % at 1.91 and 50 % at 1.93 for steam and CO₂ gasification respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 124949"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High storage capacity and rapid methane hydrate formation using low concentrations of a new surfactant: A mimic of SDS and amino acid scaffold","authors":"Elaheh Sadeh ,&nbsp;Abdolreza Farhadian ,&nbsp;Mina Maddah ,&nbsp;Matvei E. Semenov ,&nbsp;Evgeniy R. Son ,&nbsp;Atousa Heydari ,&nbsp;Ulukbek Zh. Mirzakimov ,&nbsp;Lenar R. Valiullin ,&nbsp;Mikhail A. Varfolomeev","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of efficient, non-foaming promoters is essential for advancing the industrial applications of solidified gas hydrates in carbon capture, natural gas storage, and transportation. In this study, a novel surfactant, containing sulfonate, amide, and carboxyl groups (SSAC), was introduced as a promoter for methane hydrate formation. SSAC was synthesized by integrating the chemistries of amino acids and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), distinguishing it from existing promoters. High-pressure autoclave experiments demonstrated that SSAC significantly enhanced the kinetics of methane hydrate formation, at a low concentration of 5 ppm, achieving a maximum water-to-hydrate conversion of 85.2 %, equivalent to a storage capacity of 163.5 <em>v</em>/v in deionized water. Increasing the SSAC concentration to 500 ppm resulted in an impressive conversion rate of 94.6 % and a storage capacity of 181.6 v/v. Methane recovery was accomplished without foaming within 15 min during hydrate dissociation at room temperature, addressing a critical challenge in current hydrate-based storage systems. Molecular dynamics simulations further revealed that SSAC molecules act as collectors for methane molecules in solution, thereby enhancing the rate of hydrate growth and increasing the number of hydrate cavities. Notably, SSAC exhibited a biodegradation level of 41 % after 28 days, indicating its potential for natural degradation and environmental compatibility. This combination of low concentration efficiency, foam-free formation, environmental sustainability, and enhanced methane collection is unprecedented in the current literature, highlighting the innovative nature of this work. These findings suggest that the integration of amino acid structures with anionic surfactants offers a promising strategy for designing effective promoters, with significant implications for energy storage, seawater desalination, and carbon capture technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 124924"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling investigation for multi-physics heat storage performance of solar-driven calcium looping in moving bed collector based on CFD-DEM","authors":"Chao Song ,&nbsp;Jinbo Che ,&nbsp;Fengnian Wang ,&nbsp;Rui Wang ,&nbsp;Yinshi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional solar thermochemical heat collector with direct solar-heating usually faces an issue of aperture being contaminated and the difficulty of real-time particle velocity control. Here, a three-dimensional multi-physics numerical solver coupling with optical and thermal stress sub-models is developed towards heat storage mechanization of calcium looping, considering discrete particle flow, continuous gas flow, solar radiation, temperature field, particle collision force and chemical reaction. Based on the CFD-DEM method, the particle velocity and temperature distribution in the moving bed collector present non-uniformity with a parabolic profile. Numerical simulation results show that the energy carriers can reach the high temperature of 1350 K with a calcination rate of 1.1 × 10⁻⁸ kmol s⁻¹ under the incident power of 6.68 kW, exhibiting an efficient performance. Thermal stress sub-model of energy carriers, implemented by coupling the in-house code with CFD-DEM, reveals that high temperatures lead to a better conversion rate of CaL but with a higher risk of thermal fragmentation. A new wedge-shaped structure of redistributor is further proposed to effectively alleviate the non-uniformity of the particles flow and temperature distribution. The effect of solar energy input flux, particles absorptivity and emissivity are systematically investigated, laying a solid foundation for the further research on industrial amplification processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 124898"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic and environmental implications of India's industry transition to net zero","authors":"Dipti Gupta ,&nbsp;Minal Pathak","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In line with global mitigation ambition and the domestic target of achieving net zero emissions by 2070, India's industrial sector is expected to undergo a major transition. This transition is not trivial given the rapid growth of industrial output, dependence on fossil fuels, high emission intensity, and complicated emission abatement processes. In this paper, we provide a whole systems analysis of the manufacturing industries- iron &amp; steel, aluminium, cement, chemical and petrochemical, textile, residual- for achieving net zero by 2070. The methodology combines the qualitative inputs from stakeholders with the energy-economy modelling using IMACLIM-IND and AIM/Enduse models. We develop four scenarios: Business-As-Usual (BAU), Development First (DFS), Carbon Neutral (CNT) and Synchronous (SYNCH). For each of these scenarios, we assess impacts of the structural transformation on sustainable development mainly through impacts on economy (gross value added and material imports), environment (material resource savings), and investment needs. The SYNCH scenario achieves 63 % emission reduction and requires an investment of 1.7 trillion USD by 2050 compared to BAU. The key policy insight is that new investments should go towards decarbonizing electricity, recycling infrastructure, and Carbon Capture and Storage. Clear standards and regulations for emission reporting by the production firms should be stipulated by the government.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 124922"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrofitting wind power plants into hybrid PV–wind power plants: Impact of resource related characteristics on techno-economic feasibility","authors":"Øyvind Sommer Klyve ,&nbsp;Ville Olkkonen ,&nbsp;Magnus Moe Nygård ,&nbsp;David Lingfors ,&nbsp;Erik Stensrud Marstein ,&nbsp;Oskar Lindberg","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concept of hybrid power plants (HPPs), wherein co-located solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind assets share a common point of interconnection (POI) with the grid, is gaining traction. The wind and solar resources can be anti-correlated, and this opens for oversizing the capacity of these HPPs relative to their nominal POI capacity while ensuring low curtailment losses. Thus, retrofitting existing wind power plants into PV-wind HPPs can be a promising strategy in regions where access to the grid is a barrier to capacity expansion. However, it is not clear how the resource availability and anti-correlation of the solar and wind resources at a given location impact the techno-economic feasibility for retrofitting an existing wind power plant with PV capacity.</div><div>In this study, 128 existing wind power plants in Norway and Sweden were assessed for retrofitting with PV using a techno-economic model, measured wind power and modeled PV power generation data. Multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis was applied to the resulting cost-optimal HPPs in order to determine which of a site’s resource characteristics that are influencing the feasibility of such retrofitting, and to what extent. The results suggests that the top three key characteristics sorted in order of decreasing importance are: (i) high mean PV capacity factors, (ii) low mean wind capacity factors and (iii) strong anti-correlation between the hourly PV and wind power generation. The results thus demonstrate that developers aiming to retrofit wind power plants with PV capacity should target those located in areas with high solar irradiance and performing badly, i.e., with low wind capacity factors, rather than prioritizing wind power plants at sites with strong anti-correlation between the PV and wind generation. Finally, it is demonstrated how the analysis framework can be used as a screening tool, i.e., as a means of predicting the techno-economic potential for PV retrofitting, also for wind power plants where power generation time series are unavailable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 124895"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}