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Government attention and energy poverty: empirical evidence from China 政府关注与能源贫困:来自中国的经验证据
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术
Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126490
Yawen Li , Yuhao Zhu , Rongxiang Rui , Chuanhua Wei
{"title":"Government attention and energy poverty: empirical evidence from China","authors":"Yawen Li ,&nbsp;Yuhao Zhu ,&nbsp;Rongxiang Rui ,&nbsp;Chuanhua Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving human well-being and sustainable development worldwide are severely hampered by energy poverty. This study investigates the impact of the Chinese government's policy priorities on energy poverty and analyzes the underlying mechanisms driving this relationship. The findings aim to inform more effective policies for alleviating energy poverty. To assess energy poverty comprehensively, the study constructs a multidimensional index encompassing four key dimensions: service accessibility, infrastructure completeness, consumption cleanliness, and energy affordability and efficiency. From 2010 to 2022, the degree of energy poverty in 30 Chinese provinces (excluding Tibet, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Macau, due to data unavailability) is evaluated using the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method. Furthermore, a policy tool theory-based dynamic spatial Durbin model is used to test the mediating functions of three policy tools—technological support, market regulation, and green investment—and investigate the spatial spillover effects of government attention to energy poverty. The findings show that government intervention reduces energy poverty in nearby areas through a “demonstration effect,” in addition to improving local energy poverty. Additionally, examination of the mediating effect demonstrated that market regulation, green investment, and technological support significantly mediate the impact of government attention on energy poverty. In particular, the government may improve the efficiency of energy poverty alleviation by bolstering market regulation, boosting technological support, and encouraging green investment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"399 ","pages":"Article 126490"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An economic and environmental analysis of retrofitted fuel cell electric heavy-duty trucks 改装型燃料电池重型卡车的经济和环境分析
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术
Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126455
Julius Hausmann , Achim Kampker , Tim Kemperdick , Peter Letmathe
{"title":"An economic and environmental analysis of retrofitted fuel cell electric heavy-duty trucks","authors":"Julius Hausmann ,&nbsp;Achim Kampker ,&nbsp;Tim Kemperdick ,&nbsp;Peter Letmathe","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The decarbonization of the freight transportation sector is posing significant challenges. Technical, economic, and environmental assessments have been conducted to determine the impact that alternative powertrains are having on the heavy-duty vehicle sector. However, the literature lacks information on how retrofitting might affect the outcomes. This article analyzes the effect of retrofitting on economic and environmental dimensions, both individually and in combination. We determine the most advantageous time frame for economically and environmentally effective retrofitting while considering potential trade-offs. Our methodology incorporates Total Cost of Ownership, Life Cycle Assessment, and Total Cost of Carbon Abatement. In addition to retrofitting costs, we also account for purchase costs, fuel costs, hydrogen prices, residual values, and other relevant cost categories in our model. Our findings indicate that the optimal timing of retrofitting in terms of both economic and environmental factors largely depends on the method of hydrogen production that is utilized. For fuel cell electric trucks to remain competitive, it is necessary to maintain a hydrogen price below 5 <span><math><mfrac><mtext>€</mtext><mrow><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></mfrac></math></span> when subsidies are in place. Our results show that, when no subsidies are in place, retrofitted fuel cell electric trucks are not competitive at all. Policymakers should offer greater certainty to fleet operators, should promote increased investments in renewable hydrogen production to reduce the levelized cost of hydrogen, and should approach policy instruments more comprehensively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"399 ","pages":"Article 126455"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimization of hybrid sensible-latent seasonal heat storage systems 季节显潜混合蓄热系统的优化
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术
Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126235
William Delgado-Díaz , Willy Villasmil , Marcel Troxler , Ruben Hijwegen , Reto Hendry , Ueli Schilt , Philipp Roos , Rebecca Ravotti , Anastasia Stamatiou , Sophia Haussener , Jörg Worlitschek
{"title":"Optimization of hybrid sensible-latent seasonal heat storage systems","authors":"William Delgado-Díaz ,&nbsp;Willy Villasmil ,&nbsp;Marcel Troxler ,&nbsp;Ruben Hijwegen ,&nbsp;Reto Hendry ,&nbsp;Ueli Schilt ,&nbsp;Philipp Roos ,&nbsp;Rebecca Ravotti ,&nbsp;Anastasia Stamatiou ,&nbsp;Sophia Haussener ,&nbsp;Jörg Worlitschek","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a coupled techno-economic and environmental model of hybrid sensible-latent thermal energy storage (TES) systems, integrating phase change material (PCM) macro-capsules to enhance storage capacity and performance. The multi-scale model accounts for stratification in the sensible storage and phase change dynamics in the PCM capsules. This framework is used to perform multi-objective optimization across the full range of thermal self-sufficiency (<span><math><msub><mtext>SS</mtext><mrow><mtext>th</mtext></mrow></msub></math></span>) levels for a multi-family building. The results show that a 70 % <span><math><msub><mtext>SS</mtext><mrow><mtext>th</mtext></mrow></msub></math></span> offers the optimal balance between economic feasibility and environmental impact, with a Levelized Cost of Heat (LCOH) of 0.27 CHF/kWh and a Global Warming Potential (GWP) reduction of 76 % compared to fossil fuel alternatives. Systems targeting up to 85 % <span><math><msub><mtext>SS</mtext><mrow><mtext>th</mtext></mrow></msub></math></span> are technically feasible but come with increased costs (up to 0.33 CHF/kWh), while exceeding 85 % <span><math><msub><mtext>SS</mtext><mrow><mtext>th</mtext></mrow></msub></math></span> results in exponential increases in both cost and storage volume. Maximizing photovoltaic (PV) and heat pump (HP) power is critical for optimizing system performance. Future advancements in PCM technology and decreasing PV costs could lower the LCOH to 0.23 CHF/kWh and the GWP to 21 % of fossil fuel systems, demonstrating significant potential for long-term cost reductions and sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"399 ","pages":"Article 126235"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Study on the impact of driving styles on EV battery pack SOC inconsistency based on real urban driving data 基于城市真实驾驶数据的驾驶方式对电动汽车电池组荷电状态不一致性影响研究
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术
Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126426
Lin Hu , Jiangluo Chen , Jing Huang , Qingtao Tian , Maitane Berecibar , Changfu Zou
{"title":"Study on the impact of driving styles on EV battery pack SOC inconsistency based on real urban driving data","authors":"Lin Hu ,&nbsp;Jiangluo Chen ,&nbsp;Jing Huang ,&nbsp;Qingtao Tian ,&nbsp;Maitane Berecibar ,&nbsp;Changfu Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The SOC inconsistency among battery cells affects the available capacity, power output, lifespan, and safety of battery packs. Therefore, analyzing SOC inconsistency is essential. Since different driving styles involve significant variations in acceleration and braking behaviors, they influence the magnitude and frequency of charging and discharging currents, thereby intensifying inconsistency. To investigate the impact of driving style differences on battery pack SOC inconsistency, this study first conducted real-vehicle experiments, collecting 66 sets of electric vehicle driving data representing various driving styles. Then, a battery pack model was established, with the current data collected from real-vehicle experiments used as input for simulation. Based on the charge-discharge current magnitude and charging frequency under different driving styles, the impact of driving behavior on battery pack inconsistency was further analyzed. In addition, dynamic inconsistency metrics were proposed to describe the temporal evolution of parameter inconsistency within the battery pack. Results show that due to differences in driving conditions, the battery pack experiences varying current magnitudes and charging frequencies, leading to different levels of SOC inconsistency. Moreover, the influence of driving styles on SOC inconsistency varies with initial state of the battery pack: under inconsistent Coulomb efficiency and self-discharge rates, aggressive driving results in the highest inconsistency, while cautious driving shows the best consistency. However, under temperature inconsistency, this trend is reversed. This study clarifies the variation patterns of SOC inconsistency under different initial conditions and driving styles, offering useful insights for designing intelligent equalization strategies adapted to specific driving styles in electric vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"399 ","pages":"Article 126426"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A dynamic coupling strategy for wave-WEC farm interactions: Implications on regional wave climate and wave energy deployment 波浪- wec农场相互作用的动态耦合策略:对区域波浪气候和波浪能部署的影响
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术
Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126440
Jinghua Wang , Qingwei Ma , Zhengtong Yang , Yao Zhang , Shiqiang Yan , Songye Zhu , Ye Li
{"title":"A dynamic coupling strategy for wave-WEC farm interactions: Implications on regional wave climate and wave energy deployment","authors":"Jinghua Wang ,&nbsp;Qingwei Ma ,&nbsp;Zhengtong Yang ,&nbsp;Yao Zhang ,&nbsp;Shiqiang Yan ,&nbsp;Songye Zhu ,&nbsp;Ye Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Harnessing ocean wave energy through Wave Energy Converter (WEC) farms presents a promising pathway for ocean renewable deployment. Yet, accurately modelling the interactions between WEC arrays and the wave field remains a critical challenge, particularly in assessing energy extraction effects on wave climate and coastal processes. This study presents a novel coupling methodology for spectral wind wave models to accurately simulate the dynamic interactions between ocean waves and WEC farms, incorporating Power Take-Off (PTO) effects. The proposed approach enables high-fidelity modelling of wave energy attenuation induced by WEC arrays through two distinct yet complementary strategies: (1) a frequency-domain formulation based on capture width, and (2) a time-domain representation using device velocities and PTO forces/impedance. A robust numerical algorithm has been developed to implement these methods on unstructured triangular grids within the spectral Wind Wave Model III (WWMIII). After rigorous verifications across a variety of wave conditions, the model is applied to investigate the impacts of WEC farms on wave power resources in the waters off west Orkney, Scotland. The results reveal valuable insights into spatiotemporal variations in wave power and spectral characteristics. Specifically, the simulation results by adopting the time-domain approach revealed a 1.2 <em>m</em> localized reduction of significant height within the farm and a 0.1 <em>m</em> ∼ 0.2 <em>m</em> reduction at the mouth of the bay near Brough Head. The spectra exhibited a distinct peakedness due to the pronounced attenuation of super-harmonics. The present model offers a useful tool for assessing WEC farm performance as well as their environmental impacts. This work advances the field by providing an alternative approach to the family of existing models (e.g., SNL-SWAN) for PTO-integrated wave farm simulations while initiating new research on coupling phase-averaged spectral wave models with the state-of-the-art time-domain Wave Structure Interaction (WSI) models. By enabling a more realistic representation of PTO dynamics, the proposed framework supports improved forecasting of wave energy extraction efficiency and its effects on marine environments, contributing to sustainable ocean renewable deployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"399 ","pages":"Article 126440"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sustainable food waste-to-bioenergy supply chain with rate of return under triple bottom line approach 基于三重底线方法的可持续食物垃圾转化为生物能源的供应链
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术
Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126454
Arzo Rani , Shubham Kumar Singh , Abhinav Goel , Anand Chauhan
{"title":"Sustainable food waste-to-bioenergy supply chain with rate of return under triple bottom line approach","authors":"Arzo Rani ,&nbsp;Shubham Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Abhinav Goel ,&nbsp;Anand Chauhan","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing global concern over food waste management and sustainable energy production has driven the need for an efficient food waste-to-bioenergy supply chain. However, achieving economic viability with environmental sustainability and social benefits remains challenging. The study proposes an optimized food waste to bioenergy supply chain model that integrates a multi-objective optimization framework based on the triple bottom line approach. The model incorporates an incentive-based food waste collection policy, enhancing the rate of return of food waste and reducing dependence on secondary feedstock. The effect of food waste availability on supply chain sustainability is analyzed under several scenarios, and the environmental and social impact of the food waste-to-bioenergy supply chain is assessed using a life cycle assessment approach. The multi-objective mixed integer linear programming problem is optimized using the multi-objective particle swarm optimization technique. Numerical results indicate that implementing an incentive mechanism, with the optimal acquisition cost of $3.4, increases the rate of return on food waste by 96.7 %, significantly maximizing the social impact while minimizing environmental impact and overall supply chain cost. However, procuring secondary feedstock mitigates supply chain risk and maintains bioenergy production but increases total cost, environmental, and social impact by 17.12 %, 3.92 %, and 16.67 %, respectively. The Pareto-based trade-off analysis demonstrates the flexibility of the multi-objective optimization model in balancing objectives. The findings offer strategic insights for policymakers and industries to integrate sustainable food waste management with bioenergy production, offering a comprehensive decision-support framework for enhancing sustainability and efficiency in the food waste-to-energy sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"399 ","pages":"Article 126454"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of the government's new energy storage policy on carbon emission reduction of enterprises – Evidence from China 政府新储能政策对企业碳减排的影响——来自中国的证据
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术
Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126483
Liming Zhang , Juan Zhan , Helin Sun , Qin Lu
{"title":"The impact of the government's new energy storage policy on carbon emission reduction of enterprises – Evidence from China","authors":"Liming Zhang ,&nbsp;Juan Zhan ,&nbsp;Helin Sun ,&nbsp;Qin Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>New energy storage (NES) is a crucial technology for effectively integrating distributed energy sources and achieving a low-carbon transformation in the power sector. Based on the data of listed industrial enterprises in China from 2013 to 2021, this study examines the effects of the government's NES policy on carbon emissions using a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) method. The results indicate that NES policy significantly promotes the reduction of enterprises' carbon emissions intensity. Our results remain consistent after a series of robustness tests. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the NES policy has a more significant impact on non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs), large-sized and medium-sized enterprises, enterprises in low-energy-consuming industries, and enterprises in clean energy-rich areas. Moreover, the mechanism analysis reveals that the proportion of clean energy generation, the capacity for energy storage innovation, and the level of marketization exert positive effects on the relations between NES policy and carbon emission reduction. This study not only contributes to further improving China's NES-related policies, but also provides a useful reference for the formulation and implementation of energy storage policies in other emerging economies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"399 ","pages":"Article 126483"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Radiation regulation of silicon photovoltaic modules for effective thermal management: A potential analysis 有效热管理的硅光伏组件的辐射调节:一个潜在的分析
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术
Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126470
Tao Li , Tao Ma , Kun Yu , Jinqing Peng
{"title":"Radiation regulation of silicon photovoltaic modules for effective thermal management: A potential analysis","authors":"Tao Li ,&nbsp;Tao Ma ,&nbsp;Kun Yu ,&nbsp;Jinqing Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing the radiative cooling capacity or reflecting all the sub-bandgap photons to realize effective thermal management has elicited great interest. Numerous related investigations of the enhancement have been covered in literature, while the photoelectric conversion along with the working conditions still exhibit significant variability, and the mechanisms through enhancing heat dissipation or suppressing heat generation are entirely distinct. Herein, a comprehensive potential analysis is conducted on the radiation regulation technologies. Building upon our simulation framework, a modified thermal network with refined fifteen nodes that cover the entire structure of the PV module is integrated, enabling precise determination of the temperature trend. Accordingly, the basic properties of the PV module and the energy distribution are calculated, along with the power change of heat generation and dissipation of the module. The optimization mechanisms behind the temperature decline are revealed, and the practical temperature reductions under different working conditions are determined for reference. The results reveal that, for a silicon PV module, the radiation regulation scheme through rejecting all the non-contribution solar photons can eliminate below bandgap loss and suppress parasitic absorption and is much more efficient than enhancing its radiative cooling capacity. The average temperature reductions can reach up to 2.86 °C, 3.75 °C, and 4.60 °C respectively by rejecting all non-contribution photons compared to the original module with the incoming solar irradiance intensity of 600, 800, and 1000 W/m<sup>2</sup>, while the values decrease to 0.68 °C, 0.77 °C and 0.86 °C if only the emissivity is improved to unity, and further drop to 0.64 °C, 0.70 °C and 0.78 °C if the sub-bandgap reflection capacity has been improved. Additionally, all the performance enhancements will be diminished with the wind speed, and enhancing emissivity is more suitable to be applied in hot environment, whereas reflecting useless photons prefers cold.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"399 ","pages":"Article 126470"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessing the environmental sustainability of alternative design concepts for transmission systems of offshore renewable energy 评估海上可再生能源传输系统的替代设计概念的环境可持续性
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术
Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126486
Leonardo Bozzoli , Mariasole Cipolletta , Alessandro Dal Pozzo , Carlo Alberto Nucci , Valerio Cozzani
{"title":"Assessing the environmental sustainability of alternative design concepts for transmission systems of offshore renewable energy","authors":"Leonardo Bozzoli ,&nbsp;Mariasole Cipolletta ,&nbsp;Alessandro Dal Pozzo ,&nbsp;Carlo Alberto Nucci ,&nbsp;Valerio Cozzani","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Limited attention was dedicated to date to the life cycle assessment (LCA) of renewable electricity generation offshore, although the selection and design of the transmission infrastructure can play a relevant role in the overall sustainability of offshore energy projects. In the present study, the LCA of alternative design concepts of offshore transmission systems, based on an innovative modelling of the related life cycle inventory, is proposed. It addresses the comparison of High Voltage Alternating Current (HVAC) and High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems to determine their environmental impacts in delivering electricity from offshore wind farms for a wide combination of power ratings and distances to the shore. The LCA model includes manufacturing, installation, operation and maintenance of the subsystems of the transmission line, as well as physical modelling of the associated electricity losses. Cables are found to be the main contributors to environmental impact, followed by the offshore substation and by losses. As HVDC systems generate less losses but require more complex substations, for each power rating a break-even distance is present over which HVDC systems become more environmentally favourable. This is in the order of 100 km for large transmission systems (500 MW and beyond) and increases up to 150 km for lower power capacities (200 MW). A sensitivity analysis tested the influence of several assumptions, identifying capacity factor and infrastructure lifetime as critical parameters. The study provides insights for the selection and design of transmission systems to minimize environmental impacts, supporting decision-making in offshore renewable energy projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"399 ","pages":"Article 126486"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Safe-AutoSAC: AutoML-enhanced safe deep reinforcement learning for integrated energy system scheduling with multi-channel informer forecasting and electric vehicle demand response safety - autosac:自动增强的安全深度强化学习,用于集成能源系统调度,具有多通道信息预测和电动汽车需求响应
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术
Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126468
Yang Li , Bingsong Zhao , Yuanzheng Li , Chao Long , Sen Li , Zhaoyang Dong , Mohammad Shahidehpour
{"title":"Safe-AutoSAC: AutoML-enhanced safe deep reinforcement learning for integrated energy system scheduling with multi-channel informer forecasting and electric vehicle demand response","authors":"Yang Li ,&nbsp;Bingsong Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuanzheng Li ,&nbsp;Chao Long ,&nbsp;Sen Li ,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Dong ,&nbsp;Mohammad Shahidehpour","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To coordinate renewable uncertainties and electric vehicle (EV) demand response, this paper proposes a safe deep reinforcement learning-based optimal scheduling approach for integrated energy systems (IESs). An optimal scheduling model for IESs is established to maximize net profit through an integrated demand response (IDR) strategy driven by a dynamic pricing mechanism. This strategy comprehensively coordinates conventional flexible loads and EV demand response, thereby unlocking the potential of flexible resources. The scheduling model is formulated as a Markov decision process and solved using a safety-assured adaptive delay policy network and automated machine learning-enhanced soft actor-critic (Safe-AutoSAC) algorithm, ensuring that the generated scheduling decisions comply with IES power flow constraints. To improve renewable and load prediction accuracy, a novel multi-channel Informer forecasting model is proposed with cross-channel attention and multi-scale temporal embeddings for capturing spatiotemporal dependencies and periodic patterns. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach is superior to the traditional soft actor-critic algorithm, achieving a 7.06 % improvement in net profit while maintaining operational safety. Our forecasting method achieves high accuracy and outperforms alternative methods. Moreover, the implementation of the proposed IDR strategies enhances the operational flexibility of the IES and results in a 44.35 % increase in net profit compared to the baseline scenario without demand response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"399 ","pages":"Article 126468"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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