Applied Energy最新文献_第6页

Energy-carbon comprehensive efficiency evaluation of a hydrogen metallurgy system with low-temperature waste heat recovery 低温余热回收氢冶金系统的能量-碳综合效率评价

IF 11 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126646

Qiang Ji , Lin Cheng , Yue Zhou , Zeng Liang , Fashun Shi , Jianliang Zhang , Kejiang Li

{"title":"Energy-carbon comprehensive efficiency evaluation of a hydrogen metallurgy system with low-temperature waste heat recovery","authors":"Qiang Ji , Lin Cheng , Yue Zhou , Zeng Liang , Fashun Shi , Jianliang Zhang , Kejiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen-based direct reduction technology holds both energy conservation and carbon emissions reduction potential, emerging as a promising paradigm for low-carbon direct reduction iron (DRI) production. Nevertheless, current hydrogen metallurgy processes suffer from poor utilization of low-temperature waste heat, limited adoption of electrified equipment, and a decoupling between energy output and carbon emissions assessment, which obscures potential energy savings and impedes the steelmaking sector’s climate-change mitigation goals. To address these gaps, this paper proposes a novel zero-carbon hydrogen metallurgy system with fully electrified equipment that integrates the utilization of low- and high-temperature waste heat, internal energy, and cold energy during hydrogen production, storage, reaction, and circulation. Mathematically, detailed models are developed to quantify the energy and exergy inflows and outflows of every operating unit in the proposed zero-carbon hydrogen metallurgy system. Energy, exergy, and energy-carbon efficiency indices are proposed. Each metric is formulated across the complete process-chain energy flow, thereby eliminating the counting of the chemical energy in the circulating furnace top gas and ensuring accuracy of evaluation. Energy, exergy, and energy-carbon efficiencies of the proposed zero-carbon hydrogen metallurgy system are compared with those of an existing actual DRI production system with <span><math><mrow><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><msub><mrow><mrow><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mrow></mrow><mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>/CO ratios of 6:4 and 8:2. The comparative results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed zero-carbon hydrogen metallurgy system and the effectiveness of low-temperature waste heat recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126646"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimal power allocation strategy and characteristic analyze of parallel IRGT/SOFC system for large ocean-going vessel under multi-scenario operation 大型远洋船舶多工况下并联IRGT/SOFC系统优化功率分配策略及特性分析

IF 11 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126676

Jiale Wen , Xicong Mi , Yubo Yao , Shengying Xiao , Jian Yang , Catalina Spataru , Yiwu Weng , Shilie Weng , Xiaojing Lv

{"title":"Optimal power allocation strategy and characteristic analyze of parallel IRGT/SOFC system for large ocean-going vessel under multi-scenario operation","authors":"Jiale Wen , Xicong Mi , Yubo Yao , Shengying Xiao , Jian Yang , Catalina Spataru , Yiwu Weng , Shilie Weng , Xiaojing Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the demand for long-endurance and high-efficiency operation of large ocean-going vessels in multi-scenario missions, this study proposes an innovative all-electric propulsion system combining parallel intercooled reheat gas turbine (IRGT) and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The coordination power switching characteristics and relationships between them under typical scenarios are investigated, and optimal power allocation strategies for wider load range considering efficiency and safety are developed.</div><div>Results show that the validated 68 MW vessel hybrid system achieves 50.1 % efficiency with 2.5 % maximum error at design point, demonstrating high accuracy. When the vessel under full speed scenario, the propulsion system operates at 2.11 power ratio with 50.1 % efficiency, requiring fuel larger than 0.967 kg/s to avoid turbine blade overheating. When the vessel switches to mobile cruise scenario, adjusting R1, R2 to 0.99 and 0.58 shifts to IRGT mode under 106.1 power ratio with 45.8 % efficiency, which cause wider zone from 4 to 44 MW. For non-urgent oceanic missions, vessels generally sail at economical speed to maximize cruising range. By increasing R1, R2 of unit 1 to 0.04 and 1, unit 1 switches to SOFC-dominant mode at 0.05 power ratio with 50.1 % maximum efficiency, preventing SOFC overheating. For silent scenario with power from 6 to 10 MW, regulating R1, R2 to 0 and 0.42, dual units turn to SOFC-only mode with 49.9 % maximum efficiency.</div><div>The optimal strategy expands operation zone by 38.5 % to 10 %–108 % with 44.3 %–50.5 % efficiency, providing technical foundation for next-generation marine power systems with long endurance, flexible load response, and multi-scenario adaptability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126676"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel metathetical framework for renewable energy integration: A regional case study to meet Saudi’s 2030 Vision 可再生能源整合的新综合框架：实现沙特2030年愿景的区域 案例研究

IF 11 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126627

Mohammed M. Alotaibi , Abdulaziz A. Alturki

{"title":"A novel metathetical framework for renewable energy integration: A regional case study to meet Saudi’s 2030 Vision","authors":"Mohammed M. Alotaibi , Abdulaziz A. Alturki","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As part of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, the Kingdom aims to source 50 % of its electricity from renewable energy (RE), posing significant planning and deployment challenges in a landscape historically dominated by fossil fuels. This study presents a structured, techno-economically optimized roadmap for RE integration across 30 candidate locations, employing hybrid system modeling and multi-criteria decision analysis. A two-tiered methodology was adopted: HOMER Pro simulations were used to assess the technical and financial feasibility of various solar PV and wind configurations, while a hierarchical decision-making framework—combining H-SWARA and MULTIMOORA—ranked sites based on economic, technical, and social criteria. The results identified three deployment phases (immediate, mid-term, and innovation/export-focused) tailored to infrastructure readiness, capacity potential, and long-term strategic value. High-priority sites such as Hael and Mawaqqah exhibited low LCOEs (<span><math><mo><</mo></math></span>1.7 ¢/kWh) and strong grid connectivity, while later-phase sites aligned with hydrogen infrastructure and export ambitions. Beyond its national application, the proposed methodology offers a generalizable, replicable framework that can be adapted for phased RE planning in other countries. It contributes to the growing body of international knowledge on integrated RE planning by bridging the gap between techno-economic simulation and strategic rollout design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126627"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electricity-hydrogen coupled energy storage bilevel optimization for offshore wind-powered zero‑carbon port microgrids considering multiple uncertainties 考虑多重不确定性的海上风电零碳港口微电网电-氢耦合储能双层优化

IF 11 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126672

Mengshu Shi , Peilin Xie , Lujin Yao , Hongye Guo , Juan C. Vasquez , Josep M. Guerrero , Chongqing Kang

{"title":"Electricity-hydrogen coupled energy storage bilevel optimization for offshore wind-powered zero‑carbon port microgrids considering multiple uncertainties","authors":"Mengshu Shi , Peilin Xie , Lujin Yao , Hongye Guo , Juan C. Vasquez , Josep M. Guerrero , Chongqing Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zero‑carbon port microgrids (ZCPMGs) are essential energy hubs for maritime transportation, ensuring secure energy supplies and supporting low-carbon development. ZCPMGs typically rely on offshore wind power generation, complemented by energy storage systems, to operate in off-grid island mode. Previous ZCPMGs focused on electricity supply, and the rising hydrogen demand from shipboard microgrids (SMGs) makes electricity–hydrogen integration indispensable, placing greater demands on the configuration of electricity–hydrogen coupled energy storage systems (EHCESs). Furthermore, uncertainties associated with offshore wind power, ship load, and electricity prices significantly complicate the optimization of EHCES configurations. To address these challenges, a bilevel optimization model is proposed, with the upper layer focusing on the EHCES configuration and the lower layer on the daily operation of the ZCPMG. Specifically, an energy management optimization model is proposed for the SMG to identify load demands under various operating scenarios, accompanied by refined EHCES modeling. The model will be analyzed using stochastic programming to address renewable energy variability and information gap decision theory to manage extreme uncertainties in ship loads and energy prices. A case study based on an ZCPMG in northern Europe is conducted, and the results indicate that EHCES investments are economically viable under both opportunity and deterministic scenarios, although less under robust conditions. Among the uncertainties, energy price fluctuations exert the most significant influence on economic feasibility. Conversely, hydrogen prices and power-to‑hydrogen efficiency have minimal impacts, whereas electricity prices have a more substantial effect on the viability of EHCES configurations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126672"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Planning LH2 infrastructure for H2-powered aviation: From the initial development to market penetration 规划h2动力航空的LH2基础设施：从最初的发展到市场渗透

IF 11 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126663

F. Schenke, L. Koenemann, J. Hoelzen, T. Schelm, A. Bensmann, R. Hanke-Rauschenbach

{"title":"Planning LH2 infrastructure for H2-powered aviation: From the initial development to market penetration","authors":"F. Schenke, L. Koenemann, J. Hoelzen, T. Schelm, A. Bensmann, R. Hanke-Rauschenbach","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enable hydrogen-powered aircraft operations, liquid hydrogen infrastructure has to be planned well in advance. This study analyses the transition pathway of liquid hydrogen supply infrastructure, from the initial development phase to market penetration, optimizing the design and dispatch of the system.</div><div>The findings reveal that the single-year approach used in previous studies significantly underestimates the costs associated with supply infrastructure. During the transition phase, substantial investments are required in specific years, leading to high supply costs, particularly in the early years. Off-take agreements could be used to achieve a more balanced cost distribution. For the considered location of a generic airport, on-site liquid hydrogen supply costs range between 3.83 and 5.03 USD/kgH<sub>2</sub> assuming a long-term supply agreement. At a less favourable airport, supply costs are 29% higher compared to a favourable location. However, costs could be reduced by up to 12% if hydrogen is imported via vessels or the European Hydrogen Backbone. The primary factors influencing supply costs are the availability of renewable energy resources and the distances to the nearest port as well as hydrogen production hubs. Therefore, the optimal supply chain must be assessed individually for each airport.</div><div>Overall, this study provides insights and a methodology that can support the development of future liquid hydrogen infrastructure roadmaps for hydrogen-powered aviation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126663"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Renewable energy powered membrane technology: Integration of solar irradiance forecasting for predictive control of photovoltaic-powered brackish water desalination system 可再生能源膜技术：太阳能辐照度预测与光伏微咸海水淡化系统预测控制的集成

IF 11 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126651

Martin Ansong , Emmanuel O. Ogunniyi , Blanca Pérez Jiménez , Bryce S. Richards

{"title":"Renewable energy powered membrane technology: Integration of solar irradiance forecasting for predictive control of photovoltaic-powered brackish water desalination system","authors":"Martin Ansong , Emmanuel O. Ogunniyi , Blanca Pérez Jiménez , Bryce S. Richards","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar irradiance (SI) fluctuations disrupt photovoltaic (PV) power output, causing instabilities and unwanted shut-downs in directly-coupled PV-powered membrane desalination systems, reducing production rates, water quality, and energy efficiency. Conventional energy storage-based mitigation strategies increase costs and system complexity. Sky-imaging-based SI forecasting can analyse sky conditions and produce SI forecasts up to 15-min ahead, offering an alternative to minimise power fluctuation effects without extensive reliance on storage systems. In this study, an image-based SI forecasting system (SIFS) was integrated into a PV-powered brackish water desalination system. The SIFS employs a convolutional neural network-long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) model, trained on images from a low-cost sky imager (KALiSI) to forecast SI values 2–15 min ahead. The forecasts were used to control a solenoid valve that temporarily bypasses the backpressure valve during periods of high sudden drops in PV power, often referred to as ramps, preventing pump shut-downs. System performance was experimentally evaluated under sunny, partly cloudy, and cloudy weather conditions. With the 5-min forecast, shut-downs on very cloudy days were reduced from 12 to two, increasing daily production by 5 %. On more challenging partly cloudy days, shut-downs fell from 11 to 9, with a 2 % production increase. Longer forecasting horizons further minimised shut-downs and optimised energy efficiency, with the lowest specific energy consumption at the 15-min horizon. Water quality remained consistent across all forecast horizons. The SIFS-based approach enhanced the PV-powered membrane system stability and efficiency, demonstrating the importance of predictive control strategies for mitigating shut-downs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126651"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design, modelling and field test of a track-borne magnetic field energy harvester for electrified railways 电气化铁路轨道载磁场能量采集器的设计、建模及现场试验

IF 11 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126665

Yang Kuang , Chengcheng Zuo , Xiangfeng Gu

{"title":"Design, modelling and field test of a track-borne magnetic field energy harvester for electrified railways","authors":"Yang Kuang , Chengcheng Zuo , Xiangfeng Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic field energy, which is abundant in electrified railways, can be harnessed to power condition-monitoring sensors distributed along rail infrastructures. Despite its potential, this energy source has received little attention. This paper proposes a track-borne magnetic field energy harvester (MFEH) designed to scavenge the magnetic field energy generated by traction-returning current conducted in rail tracks. The MFEH, featuring a low-profile magnetic core made of laminated silicon steel, is designed for reliability in the harsh railway environment and for simplicity in manufacturing, packaging, and installation. Finite element analysis and lab tests were conducted to characterize its performance under the influence of eddy current generation and nonlinear magnetization. Field tests at a high-speed railway were performed to evaluate the MFEH's performance in real-world settings. Lab tests indicate that the MFEH can generate an average power of 184 to 5178 mW when the current conducting in the track varies from 100 to 500 A. Field tests show that the passing of each high-speed train generates a burst of magnetic field up to 43 ± 29 μT, suggesting a current up to 109 ± 73 A conducting in the rail track. This results in a power output of up to 670 ± 837 mW and an energy output of 1138 ± 1603 mJ from the MFEH as each train passes. This energy output enables the MFEH to power a wide range of wireless sensors, offering a promising future for rail infrastructure health monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126665"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Techno-economic assessment of gas turbine combined cycles with multi-stage ammonia decomposition 多级氨分解燃气轮机联合循环技术经济评价

IF 11 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126684

Jing Zhou, Fei Duan

{"title":"Techno-economic assessment of gas turbine combined cycles with multi-stage ammonia decomposition","authors":"Jing Zhou, Fei Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>More attention has been paid for transition from hydrocarbon fuels to zero‑carbon fuels on power generation. Partial ammonia cracking has emerged as an effective solution that leverages superior hydrogen combustion characteristics while retaining ammonia storage advantages. To overcome the challenges of thermal integration and thermochemical reaction limitations incorporating conventional thermal/catalytic ammonia cracking, a multi-stage decomposition concept on reciprocating heat is proposed and assessed from a techno-economic perspective. The results indicate that multi-stage reciprocating heat decomposition configurations reduce cracker scale and catalyst usage by nearly 90 %, with the adiabatic packed column configuration achieving the highest system exergy efficiency of 55.9 % and lowest levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) at €210.6/MWh. Increasing the ammonia cracking ratio from 10 % to 40 % leads to a 2.2 % gain in exergy efficiency and a 1.4 % reduction in LCOE, but also raises ammonia fuel supply equipment costs by 35.0 %. Ammonia price remains a critical barrier to the development of partially cracked ammonia combine cycles (PCACCs). The LCOE for PCACCs ranges from €210.6 to €222.8/MWh, with fuel costs accounting for 68.2 % to 70.1 % of the total—substantially higher than the 29.2 % observed in the natural gas combined cycle. Scaling up PCACCs from 50 MW to 830 MW leads to a reduction in the LCOE of 23.4 %. As green ammonia prices decrease to about €180/t, PCACCs are expected to become increasingly competitive with traditional carbon capture technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126684"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical modeling and validation of an integrated module in a reversible solid oxide cell system 可逆固体氧化物电池系统集成模块的数值模拟与验证

IF 11 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126626

Shidong Zhang , Roland Peters , Nicolas Kruse , Robert Deja , Steven B. Beale , Remzi Can Samsun , Rüdiger-A. Eichel

{"title":"Numerical modeling and validation of an integrated module in a reversible solid oxide cell system","authors":"Shidong Zhang , Roland Peters , Nicolas Kruse , Robert Deja , Steven B. Beale , Remzi Can Samsun , Rüdiger-A. Eichel","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an advanced numerical modeling approach for analyzing a 10/40 kW reversible solid oxide cell Integrated Module designed by Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH. The present authors extend the distributed resistance analogy method using OpenFOAM to comprehensively simulate the complex physical processes within the sub-components of the Integrated Module. The model incorporates numerical techniques, including the arbitrary mesh interface for sub-component interpolation, a radiative heat transfer model for inter-component heat exchange, and a region-to-region coupling approach for surface and volume temperature coupling. Numerical predictions demonstrate good agreement with experimental measurements in both fuel cell and electrolysis modes, with maximum temperature deviations of 10–15 K observed in the middle parts of the sub-stacks. The model successfully captures the uniform performance across sub-stacks and the high efficiency of the heat exchangers. Analysis of species and current density distributions confirms that the design ensures uniform sub-stack operation, which is crucial for long-term performance. While discrepancies between predicted and reference temperatures in the heating plates are within acceptable limits, the study highlights the potential limitations of simple models in representing real-world systems. This research provides valuable insight into the Integrated Module behavior, enabling informed design optimization and operational strategies. The developed methodology offers a powerful tool for rapid and accurate characterization of reversible solid oxide cell systems, contributing to the advancement of reversible solid oxide cell technology as it scales up for industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126626"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urban hydrogen adoption in Linz, Austria: Simulation and statistical detection of anomalies in sustainable mobility 奥地利林茨的城市氢能应用：可持续交通异常的模拟和统计检测

IF 11 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126628

Amirhesam Aghanouri, Nikita Smirnov, Cristina Olaverri-Monreal

{"title":"Urban hydrogen adoption in Linz, Austria: Simulation and statistical detection of anomalies in sustainable mobility","authors":"Amirhesam Aghanouri, Nikita Smirnov, Cristina Olaverri-Monreal","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition to Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles (HFCVs) is recognized for its potential to eliminate tailpipe emissions and promote cleaner urban mobility. This study examines the impact of varying HFCV adoption rates, as well as the number and location of hydrogen refueling stations, on emissions, driving behavior, and traffic dynamics in urban environments. A hybrid methodology, combining statistical analyses and machine learning techniques, was used to simulate all scenarios in the city of Linz, Austria. The simulation results indicate that the configuration of hydrogen refueling infrastructure, along with smoother driving patterns, can contribute to reduced congestion and significantly lower CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in high-traffic urban areas. Increasing the proportion of HFCVs was also found to be beneficial due to their use of electric motors powered by hydrogen fuel cells, which offer features such as instant torque, regenerative braking and responsive acceleration. Although these features are not unique to HFCVs, they contributed to a slight shift in driving behavior toward smoother and more energy-efficient patterns. This change occurred due to improved acceleration and deceleration capabilities, which reduced the need for harsh maneuvers and supported steadier driving. However, the overall effect is highly dependent on traffic conditions and real-world driving behavior. Furthermore, marginal and context-dependent improvements in traffic flow were observed in certain areas. These were attributed to HFCVs' responsive acceleration, which might assist in smoother merging and reduce stop-and-go conditions. These findings provide valuable insights for transportation planners and policymakers aiming to promote sustainable urban development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126628"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0