Analytica Chimica Acta最新文献

{"title":"Gas-liquid chromatography as a tool to determine vapor pressure of low-volatility pesticides: a critical study","authors":"Clara Parzanese, Carlina Lancioni, Cecilia Castells","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2025.343932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2025.343932","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>The vapor pressure of pesticides at room temperature is one of the fundamental properties for predicting their volatilities and the likelihood of their movement into the environment. It is also highly valuable for decision making in agriculture and agro-industries. Direct methods applicable to low-volatile substances include gas saturation and molecular effusion techniques; however, they have several drawbacks. We propose an indirect method based on gas-liquid chromatography using short capillary columns coated with stationary phases with high phase ratio and operated at very high flow rates.<h3>Results</h3>The method was applied to determine the vapor pressure of twenty pesticides, ranging from intermediate to very low volatilities (&lt;0.133 mPa). Chromatographic assumptions were critically and comprehensively discussed, and the precision and accuracy of the method were evaluated using three fatty acid methyl esters (referred as validation solutes) with known and reliable vapor pressures available over a wide range of temperatures. The relative standard deviations of the primary data were below 4% and increased to 18% for extrapolated vapor pressures. The measurement conditions allowed for the extension of retention measurements to relatively lower temperatures while ensuring reasonable operational times, thereby, minimizing the extent of temperature extrapolation required. The target pesticides included widely used chemical compounds with multiple functional groups and molecules exhibiting configurational isomerism, whose individual vapor pressure could be distinguished provided that sufficient chromatographic selectivity was achieved.<h3>Significance</h3>This work provides a readily usable technique which employs instruments commonly found in both academic and industrial laboratories. Furthermore, the method is simple, robust, and reliable, allowing to estimate the vapor pressures of low-volatile and semi-volatile pesticides within reasonable analysis time and overcoming the main limitations associated with traditional methods.","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pixel array-based urine biosensor for detection of trimethylamine N-oxide and glucose for early detection of diabetic kidney disease","authors":"Mei-Ching Yu ,&nbsp;Chi-Jen Lo ,&nbsp;Wei-Cheng Lin ,&nbsp;Wei-Lun Yen ,&nbsp;Yun-Yu Hsieh ,&nbsp;Bing-Hong Chen ,&nbsp;Fu-Sung Lo","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2025.343951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aca.2025.343951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) serves as a crucial biomarker for early detection and prevention of cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases. In this study, we design and implement a novel pixel array-based urine biosensor to explore the relationship between TMAO levels and glucose in urine and the urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR). The urine biosensor, incorporating a specialized readout circuit, measures TMAO across various UACR ranges, revealing a linear correlation with a slope of 8.5 mV per mg/g up to 1100 mg/g UACR. Although glucose levels also rise with UACR, significant discrepancies occur beyond 30 mg/g, indicating that glucose does not consistently correlate with UACR increases. The biosensor demonstrates a sensitivity of 41 ADC counts/μM (4.5 mV/μM), a 10-s response time, 98 % reproducibility, and a drift of 0.3 mV over extended periods. It requires only 5 μL of urine for a comprehensive analysis of TMAO and glucose. This approach significantly improves time efficiency, offering a faster and more convenient solution for monitoring the risk for chronic kidney disease, such as those with diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"1353 ","pages":"Article 343951"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143640237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of ultra-miniaturized weak affinity chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry as a high throughput fragment screening method against wild-type and purified membrane proteins embedded in biomimetic membranes","authors":"François-Xavier Vidal ,&nbsp;Julie Gil ,&nbsp;Maud Gregson ,&nbsp;Gabrielle Zeder-Lutz ,&nbsp;Maria Hideux ,&nbsp;Jérôme Lemoine ,&nbsp;Isabelle Krimm ,&nbsp;Renaud Wagner ,&nbsp;Vincent Dugas ,&nbsp;Claire Demesmay","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2025.343950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aca.2025.343950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Membrane proteins, which make up approximately 30 % of the proteome, are important drug targets but present many challenges in drug discovery, including limited production rates, low final yields of pure and functionally folded proteins, and instability in aqueous media. The problems encountered with membrane proteins are even more critical in the Fragment Based Drug Discovery, where the discovery of potential drug candidates is hampered by the limited availability of efficient methods for rapid screening of weak fragment-protein interactions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this work, we propose the coupling of miniaturized weak affinity chromatography with mass spectrometry (nano-WAC-MS) as an innovative strategy for the rapid screening of fragments capable of weak binding to a selected membrane protein. An integral membrane protein (AA_2AR) was incorporated into biotinylated nanodiscs, which were subsequently immobilized on a miniaturized monolithic streptavidin column (75 μm i.d., 300 nL volume). The coupling of these miniaturized affinity columns (each consuming less than 1 μg of protein) to mass spectrometry (MRM mode) has been optimized to maximize the low affinity range and increase throughput so that 150 fragments can be injected in a single analysis, with a DMSO content as high as 10 %, with no influence on the affinity. Hits are identified by comparing their retention with that measured on control columns prepared with empty nanodiscs.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The results of this screening are compared with those obtained by NMR and newly identified hits are confirmed by either competition experiments or frontal affinity experiments. We show that this nanodisc-based strategy, which provides a stable and native-like lipid environment for the protein (columns can be used for several days), should also work with other membrane proteins embedded in nanodiscs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"1353 ","pages":"Article 343950"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collinear datasets augmentation using Procrustes validation sets","authors":"Sergey Kucheryavskiy ,&nbsp;Sergei Zhilin","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2025.343913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aca.2025.343913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background:</h3><div>high complexity models, such as artificial neural networks (ANN), require large datasets for training to avoid overfitting and reproducibility issues. However, experimental datasets, especially those involving spectroscopic or other highly collinear data, often suffer from limited size due to practical constraints. Currently available data augmentation methods, either do not handle collinearity well, or require resource-intensive training. Thus, there is a pressing need for an efficient, scalable method for augmenting collinear datasets to enhance model performance in both regression and classification tasks.</div></div><div><h3>Results:</h3><div>we propose a novel, efficient data augmentation method tailored for datasets with moderate to high collinearity, particularly spectroscopic data. This method utilizes latent variable modeling combined with cross-validation resampling to generate new data points. The approach has been validated using varios datasets, here we report detailed results for two case studies: fat content prediction in minced meat and discrimination of olives based on near-infrared spectra. In both cases, artificial neural networks were employed, resulting in significant improvements in model performance in prediction and classification. Specifically, for fat content prediction, the method reduced the root mean squared error by up to 3-fold on the independent test set.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>: the proposed method provides a fast and simple solution for augmenting collinear datasets, significantly improving model performance without requiring extensive parameter tuning. It is versatile and can be applied to a range of datasets, offering a practical alternative to more complex augmentation techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"1351 ","pages":"Article 343913"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of lipid nanoparticles using macro mass photometry: Insights into size and mass","authors":"Jikang Wu ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhijie Wu ,&nbsp;Julia Townsend ,&nbsp;Ivor Crooks ,&nbsp;Brenda Watt ,&nbsp;Andrew Baik ,&nbsp;Katherine Cygnar ,&nbsp;Haibo Qiu ,&nbsp;Ning Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2025.343944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aca.2025.343944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have become an important delivery system for nucleic acids, as applied in the first RNAi drug and two COVID-19 mRNA vaccines approved by the FDA. Despite advantages of their high cargo capacity, low immunogenicity allowing for redosing, scalability and low-cost manufacturing, challenges such as liver accumulation and difficulties in quality control persist for LNPs development. Conjugation of antibodies or antibody fragments onto LNPs holds promise in achieving precise targeting and higher stability of the targeting moieties on LNP surfaces. However, quality control of such multiple-component products poses additional challenges compared to LNP alone. LNP size and mass are critical quality attributes which play important roles in determining LNPs’ nucleic acid cargo loading, antibody conjugation level, biodistribution, targeting capability, and overall efficacy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Macro mass photometry (MMP), a single-molecule technique, enabled orthogonal characterization of LNPs by incorporating contrast analysis as a proxy for particle mass and combining it with size measurement. This approach thus improves the definition of LNP species within heterogeneous systems. Using MMP, this study revealed the effects of PEG-lipid concentration, mRNA encapsulation, and antibody conjugation on LNP size and mass. Additionally, the study demonstrated the MMP's utility in monitoring LNPs under various stress conditions, including high pH, low pH, oxidation, freeze-thaw cycles, and agitation.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This study represents the first use of mass photometry for LNP analysis, simultaneously characterizing the mass and size of LNPs. It highlights the potential of MMP as a valuable orthogonal tool for LNP characterization and supports LNP formulation development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"1351 ","pages":"Article 343944"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surfactant-based coatings for protein separation by capillary electrophoresis - A review","authors":"Chirapha Prakobdi, Laura Dhellemmes, Laurent Leclercq, Gaulthier Rydzek, Hervé Cottet","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2025.343945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2025.343945","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a highly efficient and versatile analytical method for the separation of biomacromolecules such as proteins and peptides. One major concern to reach high separation efficiency is the adsorption of analytes on the capillary wall and the heterogeneity of the capillary surface charge which generates hydrodynamic dispersion due to local electroosmotic (EOF) fluctuations.<h3>Results</h3>Double chain surfactants have been described as potential interesting candidates for capillary coatings in CE. They are notably offering a very homogenous surface charge leading to very high separation efficiency with reported values up to 1 million plates per meter.<h3>Significance</h3>This review provides an overview of double chain surfactant coatings used in CE with an emphasis on the coating protocol, the nature of the surfactant, the preparation of the coating solution (concentration, temperature, sonication or extrusion), the physicochemical parameters affecting their properties (pH, ionic strength, nature of the anion in the coating solution, coating additives, capillary internal diameter), and the coating stability / durability.","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical contraction strategy for large-scale fabrication of reduced graphene oxide-coated solid phase microextraction fibers","authors":"Linlin Wei ,&nbsp;Jianyun Sun ,&nbsp;Xingguo Wang ,&nbsp;Ting Qi ,&nbsp;Aiying Song ,&nbsp;Rong Liu ,&nbsp;Xinghe He","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2025.343941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aca.2025.343941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose severe ecological hazards and are widely distributed through both biological and anthropogenic processes, necessitating the development of a sensitive analytical method for their direct and quantitative monitoring in environmental samples. Due to the complexity of environmental water sample matrices and the trace concentrations of PAHs, a pre-concentration step is typically required before instrumental analysis. This study presents the development of a headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) technique for the extraction and pre-concentration of seven common trace PAHs from environmental water samples.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A novel physical contraction method was applied for the first time to fabricate robust reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-coated fibers on a large scale. During the fabrication process, three-dimensional rGO was formed around a stainless steel wire (SSW) using ascorbic acid as a reducing agent in an aqueous medium. The coating was firmly fixed onto the SSW through the physical volume contraction of the wet rGO during the drying process. When coupled with capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in headspace mode, the as-fabricated fiber demonstrates exceptional extraction efficiencies for PAHs. This efficiency is attributed to the tree-bark-like structure and the π-electron conjugation systems present in rGO. Furthermore, the fiber exhibits remarkable stability, enduring over 150 extraction cycles without compromise, owing to the solvent and thermal resilience of rGO and the superior mechanical strength of SSW. For PAH analysis, the fiber provides a wide linear range of 1–100 ng/L, with detection limits between 0.1 and 0.3 ng/L. The method also achieves a relative standard deviation (RSD) below 6.4 % for a single fiber and 7.2 % across different fibers, along with recovery rates ranging from 85.2 % to 104.7 %.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The proposed strategy introduces an innovative approach to fabricating SPME fibers, addressing many limitations of existing methods for producing rGO-coated fibers, such as chemical bonding, dipping, and physical adhesion. This method is compatible with commonly used support materials, including metal wires and silica fibers, and allows for convenient adjustment of the length and thickness of the rGO coating. By providing a robust foundation for commercial applications, this study offers a valuable tool tailored for industrial use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"1352 ","pages":"Article 343941"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual chiral porous organic polymer synthesized by thiol-yne click chemistry strategy for capillary gas chromatography separations","authors":"Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Jiangjiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang ,&nbsp;Yuwei Wang ,&nbsp;Liquan Sun ,&nbsp;Yukui Zhang ,&nbsp;Aiqin Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2025.343933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aca.2025.343933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porous Organic Polymers (POPs) have garnered increasing research interest due to their potential to integrate the characteristics of porous materials and polymers. The thiol-yne reaction, a novel “click” reaction confirmed in recent years, is characterized by its simplicity, efficiency, and versatility. There has been no reports on the introduction of dual chiral POP via click chemistry as chromatographic stationary phase.</div><div>This study employed a thiol-yne click chemistry approach to synthesize a dual chiral porous organic polymer (DC-POP) and successfully prepared the DC-POP-coated capillary column. The enantioselectivity of the novel chiral stationary phase (CSP) was investigated. The results demonstrated that the DC-POP possesses excellent separation performance, capable of resolving various racemic mixtures, including amino acid derivatives, chiral alcohols, ketones, esters, epoxides, and organic acids. The column exhibited good separation capabilities for multiple amino acid derivatives (e.g., <em>Rs</em> = 2.99 for arginine) and the number of theoretical plates was determined to be 3448 plates/m. Interestingly, this column was able to separate racemic mixtures that commercial columns could not, complementing the chiral resolution capabilities of both commercial β-DEX 120 columns and porous organic cage-coated capillary columns. Additionally, the impact of injection frequency on separation performance was evaluated. After multiple injections, the column showed good stability and repeatability, with relative standard deviations (n = 5) for retention time and resolution less than 0.7 % and 6.5 %, respectively. Further investigation was carried out into the effects of temperature on the separation by DC-POP-coated capillary column.</div><div>This study indicates that the first synthesis of DC-POP via thiol-yne click chemistry, showing its potential as a novel CSP for chiral selector in high-resolution GC enantioseparation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"1352 ","pages":"Article 343933"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile preparation of isolation columns filled with integral hybrid materials for efficient isolation of extracellular vesicles from microliter sample","authors":"Yujie Lin ,&nbsp;Mengxi Chen ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Yu ,&nbsp;Pengfei Xu ,&nbsp;Fengyu Chen ,&nbsp;Shenyue Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiayu Xu ,&nbsp;Wen Wu ,&nbsp;Song Zhu ,&nbsp;Yuxin An ,&nbsp;Haiyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Weipeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2025.343939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aca.2025.343939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their anomalously altered cargoes represent a promising avenue for clinical diagnostics and prognostics. A critical challenge in EV research is the efficient isolation of these vesicles from complex biological samples with high recovery and purity. Although various of materials have good performance in EV isolation, these materials focus on the nanomaterials, which require multiple solution transfer steps in their use process. It will inevitably lead to sample loss, and is difficult to combine with online sample processing methods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this study, we introduce a novel isolation column for isolation of EVs, termed EvBHM, which leverages a bi-functional hybrid monolith and a polyethylene (PE) sieve plate. This design integrates the membrane insertion of distearoyl phospholipid ethanolamine (DSPE) with metal affinity chromatography (MAC), utilizing the interaction between titanium ions and the phospholipid membrane of EVs. The PE sieve plate serves as a robust support for the pore structure. This method provides a straightforward and user-friendly approach to prepare the isolation column, which demonstrates superior enrichment efficiency for EVs from microliter of cell culture media or plasma, ensuring minimal sample loss and high purity. Consequently, 37 up-regulated and 91 down-regulated proteins of plasma in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are found over the health donors, and serval of them are associated with the occurrence and development of CRC.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This method provides a straightforward and user-friendly approach to prepare of the isolation column, which demonstrates superior enrichment efficiency for EVs from microliter of cell culture media or serum as low as 10 μL, ensuring minimal sample loss and high purity. The results suggest this isolated method based on EvBHM isolation column is a promising strategy to search biomarkers for early diagnosis of cancers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"1352 ","pages":"Article 343939"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in synthesis and applications of hyper-crosslinked porous organic polymers for sample pretreatment: A review","authors":"Ashraf Ali, Tongtong Qin, Wenfen Zhang, Shusheng Zhang, Lijun He, Wenjie Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2025.343934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2025.343934","url":null,"abstract":"Hyper-crosslinked porous organic polymers (HCPs) are nanoporous materials synthesized through Friedel-Crafts reactions, which covalently crosslink monomeric units to integrate the high porosity, large surface area, and tunable pore architecture of porous networks with the structural diversity, lightweight nature, and compositional flexibility inherent to polymeric systems. These materials exhibit excellent thermal/chemical stability, facile surface functionalization, and scalable synthesis protocols, enabling versatile applications in drug delivery, chromatography, catalysis, and gas storage. In recent years, HCPs have gained prominence as advanced sorbents in sample pretreatment, owing to their inherent physicochemical characteristics that align closely with the critical requirements for high-performance extraction or purification adsorbents. This review aims to present recent advancements in HCPs preparation, with a primary focus on their applications in analytical sample preparation. A systematic investigation of HCP-based adsorption mechanisms, structural design principles, and fabrication methodologies was conducted to establish robust structure-function correlations through performance evaluation across diverse extraction techniques, including column solid-phase extraction (SPE), magnetic SPE (MSPE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and other miniaturized SPE formats, for the pre-concentration of target analytes in food, environmental, and biological samples. Finally, we delineate current challenges and future research directions, proposing innovative engineering strategies to advance HCPs for addressing complex analytical matrix challenges.","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}