Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences最新文献

{"title":"Left bundle branch pacing in a patient with decreased cardiac function after transcatheter aortic valve replacement.","authors":"Xinghong Li, Jubo Jiang, Sheng'an Su, Fang Zhou","doi":"10.3724/zdxbyxb-2024-0359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/zdxbyxb-2024-0359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A case of an elderly patient with severe aortic valve regurgitation who underwent a detailed preoperative evaluation by a cardiac valve disease team was reported. The patient successfully underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement via the transapical approach. Postoperatively, the patient developed complete left bundle branch block, leading to decreased left ventricular function. Despite guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure, the cardiac function did not significantly improve. At 4.5 months post-surgery, the patient underwent left bundle branch pacing, which resulted in a marked improvement in cardiac function.</p>","PeriodicalId":24007,"journal":{"name":"Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral repair using MitraClip G4 for severe mitral regurgitation in an advanced elderly patient with Barlow<b>'</b>s disease.","authors":"Fei Luo, Jiafeng Wang, Zhifu Guo, Yongyuan Qin, Yuan Bai","doi":"10.3724/zdxbyxb-2024-0431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/zdxbyxb-2024-0431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 91-year-old male patient with a history of suspected Barlow's disease was diagnosed as mitral valve prolapse by physical examination for more than 10 years and chest distress for more than 1 month after exercise. Transthoracic echocardiography showed that the anterior leaflet of mitral valve was thickened and prolapsed with severe regurgitation, and transesophageal echocardiography further confirmed that the anterior and posterior leaflets of mitral valve were prolapsed with massive regurgitation (A1, A2, A3, P1 and P2 were all prolapsed). Transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral repair was performed with two Mitraclip XTWs. After 3 months of follow-up, the patient's cardiac function was significantly improved, and the degree of mitral regurgitation was mild.</p>","PeriodicalId":24007,"journal":{"name":"Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of elevated arterial blood pressure on the calcification and failure of bioprosthetic valve after transcatheter aortic valve replacement.","authors":"Wenjing Sheng, Qifeng Zhu, Hanyi Dai, Dao Zhou, Xianbao Liu","doi":"10.3724/zdxbyxb-2024-0391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/zdxbyxb-2024-0391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become the standard treatment for severe aortic stenosis and has shown comparable efficacy to traditional surgery in low and intermediate-risk patients. However, the bioprosthetic valves used in TAVR have a limited lifespan, and bioprosthetic valve failure, including calcification, rupture or infection may develop, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Elevated blood pressure has been identified as a key factor in aortic valve calcification, and its role in bioprosthetic valve failure is gaining increasing attention. Hypertension may accelerate the calcification process and exacerbate valve failure due to increased mechanical stress on the valve, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, and enhanced thrombus formation. Furthermore, elevated blood pressure interacts with prosthesis mismatch and paravalvular leak, jointly affecting valve durability. This review explores the impact of elevated blood pressure on bioprosthetic valve calcification and failure after TAVR, and emphases the importance of blood pressure control, optimized preoperative assessment, and appropriate valve selection in reducing valve failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":24007,"journal":{"name":"Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on glycolipid metabolism of Sertoli cell in the development of spermatogenic cell.","authors":"Shuhao Li, Liang Kong, Jingyan Liang, Tan Ma","doi":"10.3724/zdxbyxb-2024-0346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/zdxbyxb-2024-0346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sertoli cells play an important role in the process of spermatogenesis by providing energy for spermatogenic cells and themselves through glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation. Abnormalities in spermatogenesis are closely related to disruptions of glucose and lipid metabolism in Sertoli cells. The metabolic environment of Sertoli cells is hypoxic, with glycolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation being the primary metabolic pathways. In Sertoli cells, glycolysis produces lactate to provide energy for spermatogenic cells, while fatty acid β-oxidation generates ATP. However, the relationship of glucose and lipid metabolism with spermatogenic cell development in Sertoli cells, and the interplay between glucose and lipid metabolism remain unclear. Various hormones, including sex hormones, can affect glucose metabolism of Sertoli cells by endocrine regulation. The activation or inhibition of signaling pathways such as AMPK, mTOR, and Akt can alter the expression levels of glycolysis-related transporter genes and the generation of fatty acids, thereby affecting the glycolipid metabolism in Sertoli cells. Some transcription factors such as PPARγ can regulate downstream fatty acid metabolism-related genes by directly binding to response elements, and can promote the oxidation of fatty acids in Sertoli cells. In this article we elaborate on the key factors influencing glucose and lipid metabolism in Sertoli cells and their interconnections, and their potential clinical implications, offering new insights for the precise targeted treatments of male infertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":24007,"journal":{"name":"Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> cultured calculus bovis alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats through regulating microglial polarization and inhibiting NLRP3.","authors":"Tanlu Chu, Wei Zhang, Jingwen Chen, Zeyue Pan, Lingfeng Wang, Xiaoming Zhong, Fengmei Qiu, Zhen Huang","doi":"10.3724/zdxbyxb-2024-0573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/zdxbyxb-2024-0573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the effect of <i>in vitro</i> cultured calculus bovis (ICCB) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) and its mechanism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The CIRI animal model and cell model were induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in Sprague Dawley rats and oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) in BV2 cells, respectively. The CIRI of rat model was evaluated using modified neurological severity score (mNSS), brain water content, and cerebral infarction volume after 1.5 h of ischemia and 72 h of reperfusion. The histopathological changes in the cortex and hippocampal CA1 region were observed with hematoxylin-eosin staining, the microglial polarization and NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein (NLRP) 3 inflammasome expression in the cortex were examined with IF assay. The viability of the BV2 cells was assessed with MTT assay after treatment with ICCB and Nigericin. The expressions of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 pathway proteins and inflammatory factors were detected with Western blotting in BV2 cells after OGD for 0.5 h and reperfusion for 24 h; and also in BV2 cells after 24 h pretreatment with the NLRP3-specific agonist Nigericin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ICCB treatment markedly enhanced neurological function, decreased cerebral infarct volume and brain water content, and mitigated pathological damage in the cortical and hippocampal CA1 regions of rats subjected to CIRI (all <i>P</i><0.05). ICCB promoted the transition of cortical microglia from M1 to M2 phenotypes and suppressed NLRP3 activation in microglial cells (all <i>P</i><0.01). ICCB significantly down-regulated the expression of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 proteins, and reduced the secretion of IL-18 and IL-1β in BV2 cells of OGD/R model (all <i>P</i><0.01). In addition, the NLRP3 agonist Nigericin significantly reversed the salvage effect of ICCB on model cells (both <i>P</i><0.01) and the modulation of inflammatory factors (<i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ICCB exerts a protective effect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by mitigating neuroinflammation, through the reduction of M1 microglial polarization, promotion of M2 conversion, and suppression of the NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":24007,"journal":{"name":"Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of multiple and mixed valvular heart disease-related age-adjusted comorbidity index and its predictive value for patient prognosis.","authors":"Murong Xie, Haiyan Xu, Bin Zhang, Yunqing Ye, Zhe Li, Qingrong Liu, Zhenyan Zhao, Junxing Lyu, Yongjian Wu","doi":"10.3724/zdxbyxb-2024-0400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/zdxbyxb-2024-0400","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To create a multiple and mixed valvular heart disease (MVHD)-related age-adjusted comorbidity index (MVACI) for predicting mortality risk of patients with MVHD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 4080 patients with moderate or severe MVHD in the China-VHD study were included. The primary endpoint was 2-year all-cause mortality. A MVACI prediction model was constructed based on the mortality risk factors identified by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Restricted cubic spline curves were plotted to assess the relationship between MVACI scores and 2-year all-cause mortality. The optimal threshold, determined by the maximum Youden index from receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, was used to stratify patients. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate 2-year all-cause mortality and compared using the Log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were employed to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), evaluating the association between MVACI scores and mortality. Paired ROC curves were used to compare the discriminative ability of MVACI scores with the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation Ⅱ(EuroSCORE Ⅱ) or the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (ACCI) in predicting 2-year clinical outcomes, while calibration curves assessed the calibration of these models. Internal validation was performed using the Bootstrap method. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on etiology, treatment strategies, and MVHD staging.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Multivariate analysis identified the following comorbid conditions and age as variables independently associated with 2-year all-cause mortality in patients: pulmonary hypertension, myocardiopathy, heart failure, low body weight (body mass index&lt;18.5 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;), anaemia, hypoalbuminemia, renal insufficiency, cancer, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class and age. The score exhibited good discrimination (AUC=0.777, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.755-0.799) and calibration (Brier score was 0.062), with significantly better predictive performance than the EuroSCORE Ⅱ or ACCI (both adjusted &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.01). The internal validation AUC for the 2-year mortality of the MVACI model was 0.777. MVACI scores, as a continuous variable (adjusted &lt;i&gt;HR&lt;/i&gt;=1.226, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 1.195-1.258, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.01) or categorized using thresholds determined by the Yoden index (MVACI≥8 &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt; MVACI&lt;8: adjusted &lt;i&gt;HR&lt;/i&gt;=3.429, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 2.718-4.327, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.01), were independently associated with 2-year mortality. The prognostic value of the score remained consistent in patients regardless of their etiology, therapeutic option, and stage of MVHD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The MVACI was constructed in this study based on age and comorbidities, which can be used for mortality risk prediction and risk stratification of MVHD patients. It's a simple algorithmic index and easy ","PeriodicalId":24007,"journal":{"name":"Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A case of sepsis complicated by multiple organ dysfunction syndrome with CT appearance of pseudo-subarachnoid hem-orrhage].","authors":"Yan Qi","doi":"10.3724/zdxbyxb-2024-0022","DOIUrl":"10.3724/zdxbyxb-2024-0022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 39-year-old male patient was admitted to hospital with abdominal distension, unconsciousness, and anuria. Head computed tomography (CT) showed subarachnoid hemorrhage and diffuse cerebral edema. The high-density area of contrast accumulation region in the high-density CT plaque was 38 HU, and the preliminary diagnosis was SAH, incomplete intestinal obstruction, and sepsis caused by acute cerebrovascular disease. After admission, the patient displayed upturned eyes, limb convulsions, serum procalcitonin level exceeding 100 ng/mL, low blood pressure and septic shock. Imipenem was given for intensive anti-infection therapy. After treatment, procalcitonin levels showed a slow decline, renal function, and intra-abdominal pressure returned to normal, urine volume gradually increased, but platelets still showed a downward trend. Lumbar puncture showed colorless and clear cerebrospinal fluid, and the biochemical and routine results of cerebrospinal fluid were normal. SAH and intracranial infection were excluded, and it was considered that the head CT showed pseudo-subarachnoid hemorrhage. On the 3rd day of admission, laparoscopic exploratory laparotomy+appendectomy+abdominal drainage under general anesthesia were performed. During surgery, purulent gangrene in the appendix was found, with pus adhering to the surface of the intestines and a large amount of pus present in the abdominal cavity. Rhabdomyolysis syndrome developed after surgery. After continuous renal replacement therapy, the indicators gradually returned to normal. The patient was conscious, and the head CT results were normal. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the 19th day after surgery, and no special discomfort and abdominal pain and distension occurred during the 3-month follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":24007,"journal":{"name":"Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences","volume":" ","pages":"115-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11886950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Advances in inflammaging in liver disease].","authors":"Yanping Xu, Luyi Chen, Weili Liu, Liying Chen","doi":"10.3724/zdxbyxb-2024-0249","DOIUrl":"10.3724/zdxbyxb-2024-0249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammaging is a process of cellular dysfunction associated with chronic inflammation, which plays a significant role in the onset and progression of liver diseases. Research on its mechanisms has become a hotspot. In viral hepatitis, inflammaging primarily involve oxidative stress, cell apoptosis and necrosis, as well as gut microbiota dysbiosis. In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammaging is more complex, involving insulin resistance, fat deposition, lipid metabolism disorders, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and abnormalities in NAD⁺ metabolism. In liver tumors, inflammaging is characterized by weakening of tumor suppressive mechanisms, remodeling of the liver microenvironment, metabolic reprogramming, and enhanced immune evasion. Therapeutic strategies targeting inflammaging have been developing recently, and antioxidant therapy, metabolic disorder improvement, and immunotherapy are emerging as important interventions for liver diseases. This review focuses on the mechanisms of inflammaging in liver diseases, aiming to provide novel insights for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":24007,"journal":{"name":"Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences","volume":" ","pages":"90-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Mechanism and significance of cell senescence induced by viral infection].","authors":"Yunchuang Chang, Xinna Wu, Lingli Deng, Sanying Wang, Genxiang Mao","doi":"10.3724/zdxbyxb-2024-0213","DOIUrl":"10.3724/zdxbyxb-2024-0213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Virus-induced senescence (VIS) is a significant biological phenomenon, which is associated with declining immune function, accelerating aging process and causing aging-related diseases. A variety of common viruses, including RNA viruses (such as SARS-CoV-2), DNA viruses (such as herpesviruses and hepatitis B virus), and prions can cause VIS in host cells. The primary mechanisms include abnormal activation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, DNA damage response, and potential correlations with the integrated stress response due to intracellular phase separation. Viral infection and cellular senescence influence each other: cellular senescence serves as a defense to restrict viral replication and transmission, while some viruses exploit cellular senescence to enhance their infectivity and replication. Understanding the mechanisms of VIS is conducive to the development of therapeutic strategies for viral infections and promotion of healthy aging. However, there is lack of research on therapeutic targets and drug development in this field so far. Although senolytics may be effective for anti-senescent cells therapy, their efficacy for VIS needs evidence from further clinical trials. This article reviews the research progress on the connection between viral infection and cellular senescence, to provide insights for the prevention and treatment of aging related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":24007,"journal":{"name":"Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences","volume":" ","pages":"70-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[<i>Gynostemma pentaphyllum</i> ethanol extract ameliorates motor dysfunction in a Parkinson<b>'</b>s disease mouse model through inhibiting neuronal apoptosis].","authors":"Tingting Zhao, Lanqiao He, Sen Yan, Pengyu Fan, Chong Zhang, Linghui Zeng","doi":"10.3724/zdxbyxb-2024-0218","DOIUrl":"10.3724/zdxbyxb-2024-0218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of <i>Gynostemma pentaphyllum</i> (GP)ethanol extract on motor dysfunction in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group, model group, levodopa group (positive control group), low-dose GP group, and high-dose GP group, with 16 mice per group. The PD model was induced by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the substantia nigra pars reticulata of the mice. Two weeks after 6-hydroxydopamine, positive control group received intraperitoneal injection of levodopa 10 mg·kg^－1·d^－1, while low-dose GP and high-dose GP groups received GP extract 100 or 200 mg·kg^－1·d^－1 orally for three weeks. After a 3-week-treatment, the effects of GP on motor dysfunction in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced PD were assessed using open field and CatWalk gait tests, while the effects on muscle strength were evaluated by forelimb grip strength. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons. The levels of dopamine and serotonin in the midbrain were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family proteins such as p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p-p38 and p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1/2, and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway proteins such as B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), and cleaved-cysteine aspartic acid specific protease (caspase)-3.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Behavioral experiments showed that GP significantly improved the spontaneous activity and motor coordination of PD mice (<i>P</i><0.05). The forelimb grip strength was also increased by GP treatment (<i>P<</i>0.05), compared to the PD model group. In addition, compared with the model group, the number of TH-positive neurons in substantia nigra pars reticulata region, the levels of dopamine and serotonin in midbrain and the expression of p-ERK1/2 were significantly increased by GP treatment (all <i>P</i><0.05), whereas the expression of p-p38 and p-JNK1/2, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved-caspase-3/caspase-3 were significantly decreased (all <i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results indicate that GP might increase dopamine and serotonin levels in the midbrain and promote the survival of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars reticulata by regulating the expression of phosphorylation of MAPK family proteins and the expression of mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins, thereby ameliorating motor deficits in PD mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":24007,"journal":{"name":"Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences","volume":" ","pages":"49-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}