{"title":"Role of dentomaxillofacial radiology in forensic dentistry.","authors":"Kıvanç Kamburoğlu","doi":"10.4329/wjr.v18.i1.114957","DOIUrl":"10.4329/wjr.v18.i1.114957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forensic dentistry is one of the important branches of forensic science and it is a branch which offers helpful information for the legal processes including identification of human remains along with age and sex determination. Dental forensic examination can involve the identification of a single individual or multiple individuals depending on the specific situation. Dentomaxillofacial radiology and radiological examination is a valuable tool for personal identification in forensic dentistry. Utilization of X-ray recordings are essential for many parameters related to identification since they shed light on many issues both in determining current conditions and in comparisons with the past. Comparing antemortem and postmortem radiographs taken from areas such as the skull or teeth is a reliable and objective method for identifying individuals. Radiographs and their proper preservation are crucial for present day assessments, historical comparisons and legal issues when necessary. While intraoral and extra oral radiographs were initially used in forensic dentistry, cone beam computed tomography application gained popularity in recent years. The use of radiology in forensic dentistry is not only necessary for identification, but also for age determination in mass casualties and disasters. The purpose of this mini-review is to provide information on the use of dental radiology in forensic dentistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":23819,"journal":{"name":"World journal of radiology","volume":"18 1","pages":"114957"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12865540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146120216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Expanding the applications of artificial intelligence in emergency radiology: Advancing precision medicine and resource efficiency.","authors":"Zhen-Xing He, Jie Wang, Jian-She Yang","doi":"10.4329/wjr.v18.i1.117814","DOIUrl":"10.4329/wjr.v18.i1.117814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Owing to their swift, precise, and tireless capabilities, artificial intelligence (AI) applications in emergency radiology are becoming powerful tools for radiologists. These applications, which are useful for improving diagnostic efficiency, are also a core engine driving the entire field of emergency medicine toward higher levels of precision, personalization, and efficiency. The integration of AI into emergency radiology thus represents a transformative advancement in precision medicine. We explore herein the expanding applications of AI in emergency radiology, focusing on their potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy, streamline workflows, and improve patient outcomes. By analyzing its current utilization and future directions, we demonstrate how AI is revolutionizing emergency care through intelligent image analysis and decision support systems. Although certain challenges remain, including data security, model interpretability, and clinical implementation standards, the immense potential of AI to reshape emergency workflows, promote precision medicine, and improve patient outcomes is unmistakable.</p>","PeriodicalId":23819,"journal":{"name":"World journal of radiology","volume":"18 1","pages":"117814"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12865541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146120169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesca R Centini, Daniil Fedorov, Arosh S Perera Molligoda Arachchige
{"title":"Radiologists' perspectives on the use of artificial intelligence in emergency radiology: A pilot survey.","authors":"Francesca R Centini, Daniil Fedorov, Arosh S Perera Molligoda Arachchige","doi":"10.4329/wjr.v17.i12.115388","DOIUrl":"10.4329/wjr.v17.i12.115388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being explored in radiology, including its potential role in emergency imaging settings. However, global perspectives on AI adoption, usefulness, and limitations among emergency radiologists remain underexplored.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess awareness, usage, perceived benefits, and limitations of AI tools among radiologists practicing emergency radiology worldwide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 16-question survey was distributed globally between October 24, 2024, and August 4, 2025, targeting radiologists working in academic, community, and private settings who practice emergency radiology as a primary or secondary subspecialty. The survey was disseminated <i>via</i> direct emails extracted using automated and manual methods from recent publications in major radiology journals. A total of 57 responses were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AI awareness was high (93%), but frequent clinical use was reported by only 28%. Daily use of AI in emergent imaging was limited to 23% of respondents. The majority anticipated AI becoming essential within five years (68%), and 51% believed AI would replace certain radiological tasks. Image interpretation and acquisition were the most common AI applications. Key perceived benefits included improved diagnostic accuracy and increased efficiency, while concerns included limited accuracy, integration difficulties, and cost. Trust in AI varied by experience, with less experienced radiologists viewed as more trusting.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While emergency radiologists globally recognize AI's potential, significant barriers to its routine adoption remain. Addressing issues of trust, cost, accuracy, and workflow integration is essential to unlock AI's full utility in emergency radiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23819,"journal":{"name":"World journal of radiology","volume":"17 12","pages":"115388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12754532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yue Shi, Peng Zhang, Li Li, Hui-Min Yang, Zu-Mao Li, Jing Zheng, Lin Yang
{"title":"Interpretable model based on multisequence magnetic resonance imaging radiomics for predicting the pathological grades of hepatocellular carcinomas.","authors":"Yue Shi, Peng Zhang, Li Li, Hui-Min Yang, Zu-Mao Li, Jing Zheng, Lin Yang","doi":"10.4329/wjr.v17.i12.112911","DOIUrl":"10.4329/wjr.v17.i12.112911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the promising prospects of using artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) for disease classification and prediction purposes, the complexity and lack of explainability of this method make it difficult to apply the constructed models in clinical practice. We developed and validated an interpretable ML model based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics and clinical features for the preoperative prediction of the pathological grades of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). This model will help clinicians better understand the situation and develop personalized treatment plans.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To develop and validate an interpretable ML model for preoperative pathological grade prediction in HCC patients <i>via</i> a combination of multisequence MRI radiomics and clinical features.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MRI and clinical data derived from 125 patients with HCCs confirmed by postoperative pathological examinations were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were randomly split into training and validation groups (7:3 ratio). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent clinical predictors. The tumor lesions observed on axial fat-suppressed T2-weighted imaging (FS-T2WI), arterial phase (AP), and portal venous phase (PVP) images were delineated in a slice-by-slice manner using 3D-slicer to generate volumetric regions of interest, and radiomic features were extracted. Interclass correlation coefficients were calculated, and least absolute selection and shrinkage operator regression were conducted for feature selection purposes. Six predictive models were subsequently developed for pathological grade prediction: FS-T2WI, AP, PVP, integrated radiomics, clinical, and combined radiomics-clinical (RC) models. The effectiveness of these models was assessed by calculating their area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values. The clinical applicability of the models was evaluated <i>via</i> decision curve analysis. Finally, the contributions of the different features contained in the model with optimal performance were interpreted <i>via</i> a SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 125 patients, 87 were assigned to the training group, and 38 were assigned to the validation group. The maximum tumor diameter, hepatitis B virus status, and monocyte count were identified as independent predictors of pathological grade. Twelve optimal radiomic features were ultimately selected. The AUC values obtained for the FS-T2WI model, AP model, PVP model, radiomics model, clinical model, and combined RC model in the training group were 0.761 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.562-0.857], 0.870 (95%CI: 0.714-0.918), 0.868 (95%CI: 0.714-0.959), 0.917(95%CI: 0.857-0.959), 0.869 (95%CI: 0.643-0.973), and 0.941 (95%CI: 0.857-0.945), respectively; in the validation group, the AUC values were 0.724 (95","PeriodicalId":23819,"journal":{"name":"World journal of radiology","volume":"17 12","pages":"112911"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12754541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikolaos-Achilleas Arkoudis, Manos Siderakis, Ilianna Tsetsou, Evgenia Efthymiou, George Triantafyllou, Dimitrios Chalmoukis, Anastasia Karachaliou, Andreas Papadopoulos, Spyridon Prountzos, Ornella Moschovaki-Zeiger, Nikolaos Gouliopoulos, Olympia Papakonstantinou, Dimitrios Filippiadis, Georgios Velonakis
{"title":"Developmental venous anomalies and cerebral cavernous malformations: Partners in crime.","authors":"Nikolaos-Achilleas Arkoudis, Manos Siderakis, Ilianna Tsetsou, Evgenia Efthymiou, George Triantafyllou, Dimitrios Chalmoukis, Anastasia Karachaliou, Andreas Papadopoulos, Spyridon Prountzos, Ornella Moschovaki-Zeiger, Nikolaos Gouliopoulos, Olympia Papakonstantinou, Dimitrios Filippiadis, Georgios Velonakis","doi":"10.4329/wjr.v17.i12.114595","DOIUrl":"10.4329/wjr.v17.i12.114595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) are benign congenital veins that collect normal brain drainage into a single outlet. Cerebral cavernous malformations (CMs) are clusters of thin-walled capillary cavities prone to bleeding. When both lesions coexist, the DVA's altered venous pressure and flow can promote CM formation or rupture. Detecting a DVA abutting an otherwise unexplained intracerebral hemorrhage can therefore raise suspicion of an occult CM as a likely cause, a clue which may be invaluable for daily clinical practice. The main focus of this review is to acknowledge the hallmark imaging appearances of DVAs and CMs, as well as their coexistence, explore the clinical consequences of mixed lesions, and emphasize that recognizing their partnership is vital for an accurate, timely diagnosis and appropriately targeted management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23819,"journal":{"name":"World journal of radiology","volume":"17 12","pages":"114595"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12754538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Imaging considerations in tetralogy of Fallot: A comprehensive review.","authors":"Arun Sharma, Pavithra Subramanian, Raghuraman Soundararajan, Muniraju Maralakunte, Abhishek Mallick, Uma Debi, Vivek Jaswal, Rohit Manoj Kumar, Manphool Singhal","doi":"10.4329/wjr.v17.i12.112986","DOIUrl":"10.4329/wjr.v17.i12.112986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a common cyanotic congenital heart disease. Imaging plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and surgical planning of TOF. Trans-thoracic echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are the commonly used non-invasive imaging modalities. Precise delineation of cardiac anatomy, pulmonary artery status, and associated anomalies is essential to guide the surgeon. Catheter angiography is used in specific situations for surgical planning and also to perform palliative procedures for cyanotic spells. Advances in imaging and surgical techniques have led to a better life expectancy. This has created a population of repaired TOF patients, in whom imaging plays a crucial role in both follow-up and the evaluation of complications. This article reviews the role of imaging modalities in TOF and repaired TOF, touching upon the basics of each modality, which are necessary for pre-operative diagnosis, surgical planning, and post-operative follow-up. The standard surgical strategies are also discussed, as relevant to post-operative imaging findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23819,"journal":{"name":"World journal of radiology","volume":"17 12","pages":"112986"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12754553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
George Triantafyllou, Panagiotis Papadopoulos-Manolarakis, Nikolaos-Achilleas Arkoudis, Ornella Moschovaki-Zeiger, Georgios Velonakis, Maria Piagkou
{"title":"Magnetic resonance imaging-based classification of trigeminal nerve-superior cerebellar artery relationships.","authors":"George Triantafyllou, Panagiotis Papadopoulos-Manolarakis, Nikolaos-Achilleas Arkoudis, Ornella Moschovaki-Zeiger, Georgios Velonakis, Maria Piagkou","doi":"10.4329/wjr.v17.i12.116453","DOIUrl":"10.4329/wjr.v17.i12.116453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The trigeminal nerve (TN) is frequently implicated in neurovascular conflicts, most commonly with the superior cerebellar artery (SCA), its predominant arterial counterpart in the cerebellopontine angle.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To examine the relationship between the SCA and TN utilizing high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and evaluated whether particular anatomical configurations predispose to clinically significant contact.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Magnetic resonance imaging scans from 80 patients (160 sides) were retrospectively analyzed, excluding cases with pathological processes affecting the TN. Using multiplanar reconstruction, the TN root was identified and its spatial relationship with the SCA was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight distinct topographic patterns were identified. The SCA most commonly coursed superior (30.6%), lateral (18.8%), or superolateral (17.5%) to the TN. Medial configurations, although less frequent, were associated with the shortest artery-nerve distance (mean 1.85 ± 1.28 mm) and significantly higher contact rates (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Overall, SCA-TN contact was observed in 14.4% of sides, but only 20% of these patients reported ipsilateral facial numbness. Variations in SCA origin (basilar artery, posterior cerebral artery, or common origin) and duplication did not significantly influence the artery-nerve distance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although SCA-TN contact is relatively frequent, only particular medial and superior configurations seem to predispose individuals to symptomatic compression. These observations are consistent with cadaveric and surgical evidence highlighting the significance of root entry zone contact in trigeminal neuralgia. Vascular contact alone should not serve as a diagnostic criterion; instead, geometric configuration and related nerve alterations must also be incorporated into preoperative assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23819,"journal":{"name":"World journal of radiology","volume":"17 12","pages":"116453"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12754533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal field management in thyroid ablation for papillary thyroid carcinoma: Advancing precision and patient-centered care.","authors":"Sivan Sathish","doi":"10.4329/wjr.v17.i12.114211","DOIUrl":"10.4329/wjr.v17.i12.114211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermal ablation has become an established minimally invasive alternative to surgery for papillary thyroid carcinoma, particularly in low-risk patients seeking effective treatment with reduced morbidity. While clinical outcomes are favorable, wide variability in complication rates and patient-reported experiences persists across centers and operators, emphasizing the need for strategies that standardize safety and enhance quality of life. Cai <i>et al</i> now introduce thermal field management (TFM), a thoughtful approach that reframes thermal ablation from a purely technical procedure into a precision-guided, patient-centered intervention. By deliberately confining the ablation zone to protect surrounding tissues, TFM addresses complications such as voice change and pain, issues often overlooked in the pursuit of technical success. Their findings, showing reduced complications and improved patient comfort, highlight the value of integrating patient-reported outcomes into routine ablation practice. This places TFM within the broader trajectory of interventional oncology, where precision and patient-centeredness are becoming central goals. If validated in multicenter prospective studies, TFM could extend beyond thyroid cancer and inform the evolution of safer, standardized ablative therapies across multiple organ systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23819,"journal":{"name":"World journal of radiology","volume":"17 12","pages":"114211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12754546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Omental torsion diagnosed by abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography: A case report.","authors":"Yu-Lian Li, Jin-Xing Fan, Yong Yang, Min-Quan Yao, Yu-Peng Jiang","doi":"10.4329/wjr.v17.i12.114398","DOIUrl":"10.4329/wjr.v17.i12.114398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Omental torsion (OT) is a rare cause of acute abdomen, it can be difficult to diagnose preoperatively and is frequently misdiagnosed. Computed tomography (CT) is the primary imaging modality for OT. It typically shows the swirl sign. contrast-enhanced CT can better visualize the central vascular structure of the mass, thus improving the diagnostic accuracy for OT. Surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment for OT. Laparoscopy allows direct visualization of the primary torsion site and comprehensive abdominal exploration, thereby decreasing misdiagnoses. It is a safe and reliable approach for OT treatment, which offers the advantages of minimal trauma, mild postoperative pain, and rapid recovery for stylistic precision.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 48-year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to lower right abdominal pain for the preceding 70 hours. Physical examination revealed lower right abdominal muscle strain, tenderness, and rebound pain, but no mass was palpable. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed a thickened, blurred omentum with swirling changes in the right abdomen. Laparoscopic exploration and omentectomy were performed in the emergency setting. The procedure revealed 50 mL of dark-red bloody ascites in the pelvis and twisting of the right omentum along its longitudinal axis, with a 10 cm × 8 cm purple-black necrosis at the distal end. Post-surgical pathology revealed omental hemorrhage, degeneration, and necrosis. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged on the fourth postoperative day. During the subsequent nine-month follow-up, he remained asymptomatic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OT is a rare disease that lacks specific clinical manifestations. Abdominal contrast-enhanced CT plays a crucial role in diagnosing OT, and laparoscopic surgery is a safe and effective diagnostic and therapeutic approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":23819,"journal":{"name":"World journal of radiology","volume":"17 12","pages":"114398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12754522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yehya Tlaiss, Alaa Tarchichi, Katherine Atallah, Ehab Al Mashtoub, Issa Zalzali, Zeinab Chokor, Issam Fassih, Najah Harb, Jane Kassas, Hussein Hamze
{"title":"Point-of-care ultrasonography for detecting raised intracranial pressure through optic nerve sheath diameter in non-traumatic headache patients.","authors":"Yehya Tlaiss, Alaa Tarchichi, Katherine Atallah, Ehab Al Mashtoub, Issa Zalzali, Zeinab Chokor, Issam Fassih, Najah Harb, Jane Kassas, Hussein Hamze","doi":"10.4329/wjr.v17.i11.113012","DOIUrl":"10.4329/wjr.v17.i11.113012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-traumatic headache is a common presentation in both emergency and outpatient settings, where timely identification of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) is crucial to prevent severe neurological complications. Conventional diagnostic methods such as computed tomography and lumbar puncture have important limitations, including invasiveness, delayed availability, and limited sensitivity in certain contexts. Point-of-care ultrasound measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) has emerged as a rapid, non-invasive tool for detecting elevated ICP at the bedside. The technique is based on the anatomical continuity between the intracranial subarachnoid space and the optic nerve sheath, which expands in response to increased ICP. Evidence from multiple studies and meta-analyses indicates that ONSD measurements above 5.0-5.7 mm in adults strongly correlate with elevated ICP, showing pooled sensitivities and specificities approaching 90%. This modality enables immediate triage, guides urgency of neuroimaging, reduces unnecessary radiation exposure, and can be applied in outpatient and low-resource settings. Despite these advantages, ONSD assessment is subject to operator dependency, variability in threshold values, and reduced accuracy in patients with certain ocular or systemic conditions. Advances in artificial intelligence-assisted measurement, coupled with standardized training protocols, have the potential to improve reproducibility and broaden adoption. Overall, point-of-care ultrasound-based ONSD measurement represents a valuable adjunct in the early evaluation of patients with non-traumatic headache, facilitating faster diagnosis, better resource utilization, and improved patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23819,"journal":{"name":"World journal of radiology","volume":"17 11","pages":"113012"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12679187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145702018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}