Virology Journal最新文献

{"title":"Genotype of Varicella-zoster virus isolated in Jiangsu, China.","authors":"Yong Wang, Lei Zhang, Mengqi Bian, Hongxiong Guo, Zhiguo Wang, Ying Hu, Xiuying Deng, Xiang Sun, Jun Ren","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02543-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02543-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the genotypes of VZV in Jiangsu province to identify vaccine strains and wild strains, providing a molecular biological background for the effective prevention and control of varicella.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Stratified sampling was used to collect herpes fluid or throat swab from patients diagnosed with varicella. ORF22 was carried out, and the restriction enzyme site of ORF38, ORF54 and ORF62 were detected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 207 virus strains were Clade 2 type by sequencing the PCR products of ORF22. The sequencing results showed that five SNP sites changed compared to the Dumas reference strain(Clade 1). From A to G at 37,902, from T to c at 38,055, from A to C at 38,081, and from G to A at 38,177, from G to A at 39,394. The prevalent VZV genotypes in Jiangsu is consistent with the P-Oka. The restriction enzyme site analysis of PCR amplification products from ORF38 (PstI), ORF54 (BglI), ORF62 (SmaI) showed that all 207 virus strains were wild-type. There were two different types of the wild strains, and 183 strains (88.4%) were PstI (+), BglI (+), SmaI (-). The wild strains between different regions showed no significant differences (χ² = 0.05, P = 0.982).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalent VZV genotypes are Clade 2 and the prevalent virus strains are wild strains in Jiangsu Province, the primary wild strain observed is mainly PstI (+), BglI (+), SmaI (-).</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"264"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world clinical outcomes of tixagevimab/cilgavimab in the Omicron outbreak in China: baseline characteristics and interim analysis of the CLEAR study.","authors":"Jianhua You, Haidi Wu, Jiaxin Tian, Jianru Wen, Wenbo Shi, Zhi Wang, Yanjun Du, Hongwei Xu, Hanyu Wei, Xiang Li, Wenyan Kang, Min Zhou, Zhidong Gu, Jieming Qu","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02509-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02509-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the real-world use and clinical outcomes of tixagevimab/cilgavimab in China during the Omicron outbreak in late 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational, real-world study included patients who received tixagevimab/cilgavimab from July 9 to December 30, 2022, in Hainan, China. Here, we report the baseline and characteristics and interim analysis results of the clinical outcomes in those receiving at least one dose of tixagevimab/cilgavimab (300 mg) for pre-exposure prophylaxis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 248 subjects who received tixagevimab/cilgavimab, 229 subjects were included in this analysis. Until March 28, 2023, the median follow-up was 95 days. The mean age of the subjects was 44.4 ± 15.9 years, 11.8% were ≥ 65 years, and 41.5% were male. Fifty-eight (25.3%) subjects had comorbidities, 16.2% subjects had key immune compromised conditions. Seventy-two (32.6%) patients had laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or received healthcare within three months; 71/72 (98.6%) had mild disease, and one (1.4%) was moderate. No COVID-19-related intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation utilizations, or death occurred. Two (0.9%) patients required hospitalization. One (0.4%) serious adverse event occurred, which was considered unrelated to tixagevimab/cilgavimab.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among Chinese patients receiving prophylactic tixagevimab/cilgavimab, the incidence of COVID-19-related hospitalization, ICU admission, or death was low during the Omicron surge. Further randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes are needed to determine the effectiveness of tixagevimab/cilgavimab in preventing severe COVID-19 outcomes.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The study was registered with clinicaltrial.gov (NCT05917951).</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"262"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A first report of rotavirus B from Zambian pigs leading to the discovery of a novel VP4 genotype P[9].","authors":"Hayato Harima, Yongjin Qiu, Michihito Sasaki, Joseph Ndebe, Kapila Penjaninge, Edgar Simulundu, Masahiro Kajihara, Aiko Ohnuma, Keita Matsuno, Naganori Nao, Yasuko Orba, Ayato Takada, Kanako Ishihara, William W Hall, Bernard M Hang'ombe, Hirofumi Sawa","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02533-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02533-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rotavirus B (RVB) causes diarrhea in humans and pigs. Although various RVB strains were identified in humans and various animals globally, little is known about the epidemiology RVB infection in Africa. In this study, we attempted to examine the prevalence of RVB infection in pig populations in Zambia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Metagenomic analyses were conducted on pig feces collected in Zambia to detect double stranded RNA viruses, including RVB. To clarify the prevalence of RVB infection in pig populations in Zambia, 147 fecal samples were screened for the RVB detection by RT-qPCR. Full genome sequence of a detected RVB was determined by Sanger sequencing and genetically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The metagenomic analyses revealed that RVB sequence reads and contigs of RVB were detected from one fecal sample collected from pigs in Zambia. RT-qPCR screening detected RVB genomes in 36.7% (54/147) of fecal samples. Among 54 positive samples, 13 were positive in non-diarrheal samples (n = 48, 27.1%) and 41 in diarrheal samples (n = 99, 41.4%). Genetic analyses demonstrated that all the segments of ZP18-18, except for VP4, had high nucleotide sequence identities (80.6-92.6%) with all other known RVB strains detected in pigs. In contrast, the VP4 sequence of ZP18-18 was highly divergent from other RVB strains (< 64.6% identities) and formed a distinct lineage in the phylogenetic tree. Notably, the VP8 subunit of the VP4 showed remarkably low amino acid identities (33.3%) to those of known RVB strains, indicating that the VP8 subunit of ZP18-18 was unique among RVB strains. According to the whole genome classification for RVB, ZP18-18 was assigned to a genotype constellation, G18-P[9]-I12-R4-C4-M4-A8-N10-T5-E4-H7 with the newly established VP4 genotype P[9].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This current study updates the geographical distribution and the genetic diversity of RVB. Given the lack of information regarding RVB in Africa, further RVB surveillance is required to assess the potential risk to humans and animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"263"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV in cervical cancer screening population.","authors":"Han Zhang, Xu Li, Zhuo Yang, Ruzhen Gao, Binghan Chen, Sabrina Li, Yingchun Xu, Jie Wu, Jie Yi","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02497-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02497-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human Papillomavirus (HPV) DNA screening was a crucial element in the fight against cervical cancer and had been adopted in many countries, including China. However, the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 disrupted this program significantly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes among the population undergoing cervical cancer screening during the pandemic period. From January 2017 to December 2022, Peking Union Medical College Hospital gathered 45,496 cervical swabs from individuals undergoing cervical cancer screening. These samples were analyzed to detect fifteen high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) DNA types and a combination of two low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) types.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed an overall infection rate of 11.24% (5,114/45,496), with 11.06% (5,032/45,496) of individuals infected with HR-HPV. The number of HPV screening patients and the infection rates of HPV, HR-HPV, LR-HPV, multiple genotype HPV (M-HPV), and single genotype HPV (S-HPV) during the pandemic were lower than those observed before the pandemic. Moreover, the age group with the highest percentage of infected individuals was under 45-49 years, with HPV52, HPV58, HPV16, and HPV51 being the most prevalent genotypes. Notably, HPV66 emerged as the fifth most commonly detected genotype during the pandemic. Additionally, among the eleven age groups examined, women under 25 exhibited the highest detection rate, with HPV52 and HPV16 infection rates exceeding those observed in the pre-pandemic period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study offer significant insights for shaping HPV prevention strategies and enhancing cervical cancer screening initiatives in China following the epidemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"261"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization and immunopathological investigation of Avian reticuloendotheliosis virus in breeder flocks in Egypt.","authors":"Eman Abd El-Menamm Shosha, Ali Mahmoud Zanaty, Marwa Mostafa Darwesh, Ahmed Fotouh","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02525-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02525-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is an oncogenic immunosuppressive retrovirus that infects different kinds of avian species; posing significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In Egypt, there is an unidentified disease associated with the runting-stunting syndrome with neoplasia, suspected to be REV, that has been continuously monitored in several breeder flocks. To diagnose and analyze REV by cell cultures, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), histopathological investigation, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, and sequencing analysis, 200 blood samples, and 50 tissue specimens were collected. The current study targets the occurrence and genetic characteristics of a viral neoplastic disease, resembling REV infection, circulating in breeder flocks from 2022 to 2023 in the Ismailia, El-Sharqia, and El-Dakahliya governorates.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Here, REV was isolated on chicken embryo fibroblast cell culture; exhibiting cell aggregation, rounding, and cell detachments. Collectively, only 70 serum samples were positive for anti-REV antibodies with seroprevalence rates of 35% based on the ELISA test. The histopathological observation demonstrated lymphoreticular tumors in the liver, spleen, and other examined organs. The immunohistochemical staining method confirmed the REV-positive signals in all examined organs (liver, kidney, spleen, bursa, ovaries) except for the heart. The PCR assay of the LTR gene assessed 370 base pairs with only 5 positive samples with a percentage of 16.6%. Three positive samples were further sequenced and submitted to the Genbank under accession numbers (PP763709, PP763710, PP763711). Phylogenetic analysis of the REV-LTR gene showed that our three isolates (Sharquia-1-REV, Ismilia-2-REV, Mansoura-3-REV) are REV subtype III which predominantly circulated in breeders in Egypt. These three isolates are highest similar to American, Chinese, and Taiwanese REV reference strains, and other Egyptian strains with nucleotide identity percentages of 100%, 99%, and 99%; respectively, and on the amino acid identity level were with (99-100%), (98%, 99%), (99%, 100%); respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study established that REV infection was extensively distributed in the breeders and became one of the causes of the clinical outbreaks of tumors, raising awareness of REV as the causative agent of avian oncogenic disease in Egypt.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"259"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of SARS-CoV-2 variants on COVID-19 epidemiological and clinical profiles: a comparative analysis of two waves of cases.","authors":"Pérola Rodrigues Dos Santos, Uener Ribeiro Dos Santos, Íris Terezinha Santos de Santana Silva, Hllytchaikra Ferraz Fehlberg, Fabrício Barbosa Ferreira, George Rego Albuquerque, Ana Paula Melo Mariano, Murillo Ferreira da Silva, Leonardo Santos Lemos, Karoline Almeida Piton, Mylene de Melo Silva, Renato Fontana, Eric Roberto Guimarães Rocha Aguiar, Lauro Juliano Marin, Sandra Rocha Gadelha","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02538-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02538-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has been the most significant health challenge of the last century. Multiple and successive waves of COVID-19 cases, driven particularly by the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, have kept the world in a constant state of alert.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We present an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study aimed at identifying SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating during two local waves of COVID-19 cases in southern Bahia, Brazil (late 2021 and late 2022), and analyzing the association between the detected variants and the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the disease. For this purpose, data and nasopharyngeal samples from individuals in southern Bahia, Brazil, with suspected COVID-19 were included. Viral detection was performed by RT-qPCR, and SARS-CoV-2 variants were identified by next-generation viral sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 368 nasopharyngeal samples were tested. Approximately 23% of the samples from late 2021 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, while in 2022, the positivity rate was about 56%. All sequenced samples from 2021 were identified as the Delta variant, while in 2022, all samples were classified as the Omicron variant. Overall, individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in 2022 were younger than those who tested positive in 2021. Moreover, we observed significant differences in the clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection when comparing the two periods. Individuals who presented with anosmia/ageusia were more likely to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2021 but not in 2022. Additionally, fever, dry cough, pharyngalgia, headache, and rhinorrhea were more frequent among individuals infected with the Omicron variant than among those infected with the Delta variant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The profile of COVID-19 in southern Bahia differed when analyzing two distinct waves of the pandemic in the region. These differences are likely related to the variants, which may differ in transmissibility and virulence, thereby altering the dynamics of the pandemic. This underscores the importance of genomic surveillance in better understanding the behavior of viral infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"260"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential use of bacteriophages as antibacterial agents in dental infection.","authors":"Mohammad Hosseini Hooshiar, Sara Salari, Kamyar Nasiri, Ula Samir Salim, Lamya M Saeed, Saman Yasamineh, Reza Safaralizadeh","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02510-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-024-02510-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dental infections, such as apical Periodontitis, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis (PI), are closely associated with specific bacterial species, including Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), among others. Antibiotics are extensively utilized for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes in the treatment of dental infections and other dental-related issues. Unfortunately, the rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance has accompanied the increased use of antibiotics in recent years. Specific bacterial pathogens have reached a critical stage of antibiotic resistance, characterized by the proliferation of pan-resistant strains and the scarcity of viable therapeutic alternatives. Therapeutic use of particular bacteriophage (phage) particles that target bacterial pathogens is one potential alternative to antibiotics that are now being seriously considered for treating bacterial illnesses. A kind of virus known as a phage is capable of infecting and eliminating bacteria. Because they can't infect cells in plants and animals, phages might be a harmless substitute for antibiotics. To control oral disorders including periodontitis and dental caries, several research have been conducted in this area to study and identify phages from human saliva and dental plaque. The capacity of these agents to disturb biofilms expands their effectiveness against dental plaque biofilms and oral pathogens in cases of periodontitis, PI, and apical periodontitis. This review summarizes the current antibacterial properties of phages used to treat a variety of dental infections, such as periodontitis, peri-implantitis, infected dentin, and apical periodontitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"258"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11490148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmitted drug resistance and molecular transmission network among treatment-naive HIV-1 patients in Wenzhou, China, 2020-2023.","authors":"Tianran Zhang, Huifen Dou, Hui Ye, Han Tang, Weiqin Wang, Wenxue Hu, Binbin Lv, Mingshi Zhou, Hupiao Dai, Weilong Wang, Baochang Sun","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02528-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-024-02528-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) increases the risk of antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure in HIV-1 patients. This study investigated the molecular epidemiology of TDR and its transmission networks among newly diagnosed HIV-1 patients in Wenzhou, China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 1878 ART-naive HIV-1 patients from January 2020 to October 2023. TDR was evaluated using the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database. We performed phylogenetic analysis, genotyping, transmission clustering, and population-based TDR-related factor analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1782 patients with successful genotyping, TDR prevalence was 5.7%. Multivariable analysis identified CRF08_BC subtype (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 18.59, 95% CI 3.79-336.18, p = 0.004), CD4 > 500 cells/mm³ (aOR 2.19, 95% CI 1.16-4.03, p = 0.013), and year 2023 (aOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.11-4.89, p = 0.039) as factors associated with higher TDR risk. The most prevalent NNRTI mutations were K103N, E138A, and V179E. Seven TDR transmission clusters were identified, notably one with V179D that expanded during 2020-2023.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While TDR prevalence in Wenzhou remained lower than in other Chinese regions, an upward trend was observed. Most resistant individuals were in transmission clusters, predominantly middle-aged and elderly. NNRTI resistance was severe and concentrated in efavirenz, nevirapine, and rilpivirine. Enhanced HIV surveillance and wider free antiretroviral options are crucial to control drug-resistant HIV spread in Wenzhou.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"257"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11487810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance gene Ty-1 restricts TYLCV infection in tomato by increasing RNA silencing.","authors":"Xiaofang Ma, Yijun Zhou, Liming Wu, Peter Moffett","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02508-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-024-02508-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A major antiviral mechanism in plants is mediated by RNA silencing through the action of DICER-like (DCL) proteins, which cleave dsRNA into discrete small RNA fragments, and ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins, which use the small RNAs to target single-stranded RNA. RNA silencing can also be amplified through the action of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDRs), which use single stranded RNA to generate dsRNA that in turn is targeted by DCL proteins. As a counter-defense, plant viruses encode viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) that target different components in the RNA silencing pathway. The tomato Ty-1 gene confers resistance to the DNA virus tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and has been reported to encode an RDRγ protein. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Ty-1 controls TYLCV infection, including whether Ty-1 is involved in RNA silencing, are unknown. Here, by using a transient expression assay, we have confirmed that Ty-1 shows antiviral activity against TYLCV in Nicotiana benthamiana. Also, in transient expression-based silencing assays, Ty-1 augmented systemic transgene silencing in GFP transgenic N. benthamiana plants. Furthermore, co-expression of Ty-1 or other RDRγ proteins from N. benthamiana or Arabidopsis with various proteins resulted in lower protein expression. These results are consistent with a model wherein Ty-1-mediated resistance to TYLCV is due, at least in part, to an increase in RNA silencing activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"256"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11483987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eggplant latent viroid is located in the chloroplasts and nuclei of eggplant infected cells.","authors":"Marcelo Eiras, Verónica Aragonés, Jorge Marqués, María Dolores Gómez, José-Antonio Daròs","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02530-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-024-02530-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viroids that belong to genera Avsunviroid and Pelamovirod (family Avsunviroidae) replicate and accumulate in the chloroplasts of infected cells. In this report, we confirmed by RNA in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-UTP-labelled riboprobes that the positive strands of eggplant latent viroid (ELVd), the only member of genus Elaviroid within the family Avsunviroidae, also accumulate in the chloroplasts of infected cells. However, comparison of ELVd in situ hybridization signals with those from bona fide chloroplastic and nuclear non-coding RNAs, such as chloroplast 5S rRNA and U1 small nuclear RNA, supports the notion that this viroid is also present in the nuclei of infected cells. These results suggest that the subcellular localization of viroids within the family Avsunviroidae may be more complex than previously assumed with dynamic presence in several compartments during the infectious cycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"254"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11476940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}