Virology Journal最新文献

{"title":"The three-decade trajectory of hepatitis C burden among women of reproductive age in China: a retrospective and predictive study.","authors":"Ying Zhang, Jing Yan, Meng Li, Chaoyan Yue","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03079-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03079-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study evaluates the changing burden of hepatitis C (HCV) among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in China from 1990-2021 and forecasts trends to 2035.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study, we analyzed age-standardized rates (ASRs) for incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) related to acute and chronic HCV in this population. Statistical analyses included estimating annual percentage changes (EAPCs), applying Poisson-based age-period-cohort (APC) modeling to assess epidemiological drivers, and employing Bayesian APC modeling for future projections. Decomposition analysis was used to quantify contributions from population growth, aging, and epidemiological factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1990 to 2021, all ASRs for HCV among women of reproductive age in China showed significant declines, with rates of decrease surpassing global averages. Despite this progress, China remained a high-burden country for this group in 2021, with a large reservoir of chronic HCV cases. A notable rebound in the incidence of chronic HCV occurred after 2010. Epidemiological trends displayed clear age stratification: the most substantial improvements were observed in younger cohorts (aged 15-24 years), while older groups (aged 45-49 years) experienced slower declines or recent rebounds in incidence. Decomposition analysis indicated that the reduction in disease burden was primarily driven by epidemiological improvements (e.g., in prevention and treatment), which successfully offset the adverse effects of population growth. This pattern contrasts with the global trend, where increasing burden is largely attributed to demographic factors. Projections suggest a continued decline in ASRs and case numbers through 2035, although the rate of decline is expected to slow.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Historical HCV control measures for women of reproductive age in China have been effective, as evidenced by steep declines in mortality and DALYs. However, persistent challenges include a substantial existing patient pool and a resurgent incidence, particularly among older individuals within this demographic. This study precisely quantifies a successful epidemiological transition and identifies a shift in risk profiles, underscoring the continued need for sustained, age-tailored public health interventions to achieve HCV elimination goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13191844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147989327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronavirus diversity and SARS-CoV-2 exposure at the wildlife-human interface in Northern Italy.","authors":"Alessandro Reggiani, Gianluca Rugna, Luca Gelmini, Simone Bariselli, Giovanni Pupillo, Giulia D'Annunzio, Alice Prosperi, Chiara Garbarino, Laura Fiorentini, Simona Perulli, Giulia Maioli, Patrizia Bassi, Silva Rubini, Tiziana Trogu, Ana Maria Moreno Martin, Elena Carra","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03193-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03193-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Members of the Coronaviridae family infect humans as well as domestic and wild animals. Over the past three decades, three members of this family, all with zoonotic origins, have caused significant epidemics or pandemics (SARS, MERS, and COVID-19). Despite the spread of SARS-CoV-2 being primarily driven by human-to-human transmission, various animal species are susceptible to infection and may contribute to viral circulation. Aim of this work was to monitor coronavirus (CoV) infections in wild mammals in the Emilia-Romagna region (RER), Italy, using a combined approach of molecular screening for viral RNA detection and serological testing for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Respiratory and gastrointestinal tissue samples were collected from wild animal carcasses between 2022 and 2024. Samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using two RT-qPCR assays targeting the E and N genes, and for other CoVs using a nested pan-coronavirus RT-PCR followed by Sanger sequencing of positive samples. Additionally, serum samples obtained from blood, cardiac clot, or thoracic exudate were screened for antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein, with positive samples subsequently confirmed by an ELISA targeting antibodies to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the Spike (S) protein, focused on variants circulating during the study period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Molecular analyses were performed on 2,238 animals, all of which tested negative for SARS-CoV-2, while 90 (79% hedgehogs) tested positive for CoVs. Among these, most sequences were consistent with coronaviruses typically reported in the respective host species. However, some exceptions - such as Betacoronavirus erinacei in fox, porcupine, hare, and roe deer, and EmbeCoV-related sequences in a porcupine - warrant further attention. Suitable serum samples were available from 1,751 animals. Overall, 65 animals tested positive for anti-N antibodies, 31 of which (22 foxes, 4 badgers, 2 hedgehogs, 1 roe deer, 1 wolf, 1 rat) were subsequently confirmed by an anti-RBD ELISA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides an overview of CoVs circulation among wild mammals in RER, supporting the role of hedgehogs as reservoirs and identifying some species with evidence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Certain unexpected findings highlight the need for further investigations to clarify the potential for cross-species transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13383500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147983531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of endemic coronaviruses and enterovirus D68 in respiratory samples from 2016 in Panama: a retrospective study.","authors":"Yobelis Quintero, Juan Castillo Mewa, Danilo Franco, Brechla Moreno, Jacinto Pérez, Ilein Gómez, Leyda Abrego","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03198-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03198-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2016, Panama's Surveillance Program for Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses received 4041 samples with suspected viral respiratory infection, of which 68.78% tested positive on the respiratory viral panel, while the remaining 31.22% resulted in no etiological diagnosis. Given the need to determine which other viruses could cause these respiratory infections, a retrospective search for endemic coronaviruses and Enterovirus D68 was conducted, with the primary objective of detecting them in negative samples from that year.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred and twenty-seven nasopharyngeal swab samples were retrospectively selected, all of which had been previously tested using a routine respiratory viral panel for pandemic Influenza viruses, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV), Parainfluenza viruses (PIV-1, PIV-2, PIV-3), Adenovirus (AdV), and Rhinovirus (RV). Of these, 70% were negative and 30% positive for at least one respiratory virus, and were subsequently classified by age group, clinical outcome and geographic location. Nucleic acids were extracted using automated equipment and amplified by Reverse Transcription Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). The human RNase P gene was used as an internal control. Samples and controls were considered positive with a Ct value ≤ 35 cycles. The statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's chi-square, considering a p value < 0.05 as statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) (n = 3), human coranvirus OC-43 (HCoV-OC43) (n = 3) and EV-D68 (n = 17) viruses were detected, presenting viral co-detections between HCoV-229E/pandemic Influenza A/H1, HCoV-OC43/Parainfluenza type 1, Enterovirus D68/Rhinovirus, Enterovirus D68/Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Enterovirus D68/Parainfluenza type 3. Overall, 78.26% (n = 18/23) of the cases were hospitalized patients and 21.74% (n = 5/23) were outpatients. Regarding age, 52.17% (n = 12/23) of the cases corresponded to children under 5 years old, 13.04% (n = 3/23) to patients between 5 and 18 years old, and 34.78% (n = 8/23) to adults over 18 years old.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The circulation of HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, and EV-D68 was confirmed, causing both single respiratory infections and co-detections with other viruses from the routine diagnostic panel. This is why it is crucial to expand our knowledge of the epidemiology of respiratory viruses that are not currently part of routine surveillance systems, but which could be contributing significantly to the burden of disease in the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13459632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147960128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytomegalovirus infection drives a distinct mucosal and systemic cytokine signature in ulcerative colitis.","authors":"Nasim Izadi, Masoud Shirmohammadi, Nasser Ebrahimi Daryani, Emad Behboudi, Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi, Mahin Ahangar Oskouee, Shima Sadeghipoor, Shaghayegh Yazdani, Arezou Azadi, Behrooz Naghili, Mohammad Aghazadeh, Vahdat Poortahmasebi","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03200-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03200-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease in which cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation has been linked to severe and steroid-refractory cases. However, the effect of CMV on cytokine regulation in UC remains unclear. This study investigated colonic and systemic cytokine profiles in CMV-positive and CMV-negative UC patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 190 UC patients were enrolled, including 90 CMV-positive and 100 CMV-negative cases. CMV status was confirmed by molecular and histopathological tests. Colonic gene expression of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 A, IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-8, IL-12, and RANTES) was measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and serum concentrations were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Demographic and clinical features were comparable between groups. CMV-positive patients showed higher colonic mRNA expression and serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 A compared to CMV-negative patients (all p < 0.05). In contrast, IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-8, IL-12, and RANTES did not differ significantly. Notably, CMV tissue viral load was significantly higher in patients with moderate to severe disease (Mayo score ≥ 6) and showed a positive correlation with plasma viral load (r = 0.664, p < 0.01). Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for Mayo score confirmed that elevated TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 remained independently associated with CMV positivity. These findings indicate a selective pro-inflammatory cytokine pattern rather than generalized immune activation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CMV infection in UC is associated with selective upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines at both mucosal and systemic levels. These findings highlight CMV as a potential driver of immune amplification in UC and support cytokine profiling as a tool for risk stratification and management of affected patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13404571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147949720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dengue virus genetic diversity and lineage dynamics in Thailand: implications for surveillance and vaccine implementation.","authors":"Pichamon Sittikul, Ifwa Wirasit, Jittraporn Rattanamahaphoom, Pimolpachr Sriburin, Warisa Nuprasert, Kittisak Taoma, Chukiat Sirivichayakul, Kriengsak Limkittikul, Saranath Lawpoolsri, Chawarat Rotejanaprasert, Supawat Chatchen","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03194-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03194-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dengue fever, caused by dengue virus (DENV), is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions. Thailand is considered endemic for dengue, and all four DENV serotypes co-circulate in this country. Monitoring the genetic diversity of DENV is important for establishing local control policies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study sequenced the complete envelope gene from 92 DENV isolates collected at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases between October 2023 and September 2024. These sequences were analyzed together with dengue virus sequences circulating in Thailand between 2000 and 2024, retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) virus database. The DENV sequences were evaluated for lineage determination and phylogenetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings identify the presence or introduction of dengue genotypes in the endemic area. The results revealed the co-circulation of all four DENV serotypes, and DENV-2 was the dominant serotype (44.57%). The predominant serotype switched in response to dengue outbreaks throughout the study period. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that DENV-1 sequences belonged to genotype I, whereas DENV-2 sequences belonged to genotype II and V. Moreover, the dengue vaccine strain was identified via sequencing (Thailand 2024). DENV-3 genotype III was the major circulating genotype from 2013 to 2024. Meanwhile, DENV-4 isolates belonged to genotype I, lineage A.3. In addition, the substitution of the dominant lineage was associated with dengue epidemics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The co-circulation of all four DENV serotypes has been exhibited in Thailand. Dengue vaccine implementation is both affected by existing DENV circulation and can influence future DENV circulation within a population. Understanding DENV evolution, genotype replacement, and multiple-virus lineage circulation is vital for enhancing surveillance, responding to DENV epidemics, and implementing vaccination programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13508232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147943078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural patterns and transcriptional effects of integrated Epstein-Barr Virus revealed by long-read sequencing and RNA-sequencing in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.","authors":"Zahra Kardan, Adway Kadam, Annie Wai Yeeng Chai, Sok Ching Cheong, Sampath Kumar Loganathan","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03196-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03196-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Integration of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA into the human genome is a critical event in nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis. Here, we comprehensively characterize large-scale virus-human integration events in three EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines and one patient NPC tumor using Nanopore long-read sequencing technology. We identified four distinct integration types, with Type A being particularly prevalent, characterized by the integration of a single fragment of the EBV genome followed by human DNA. Our findings reveal the involvement of multiple integration events in inducing inter-chromosomal translocations, leading to significant genomic disruption through chromosomal rearrangements. Additionally, we explore the relationship between EBV integration sites and structural variations, further supporting the role of EBV integration in driving genomic instability. By integrating RNA-seq data, we demonstrate the potential for EBV integration to disrupt gene expression, highlighting several integration sites within cancer-associated genes such as CD96, ARHGAP27, ASH1L, KDM3B, ZMYM2, and PIK3C2A. Notably, EBV-human fusion events were prevalent in EBV-associated NPCs, including intriguing fusion transcripts such as LRRC8C-RPMS1 and LINC00486-RPMS1, which provide further evidence of the oncogenic potential of EBV integration. Taken together, this study uncovers EBV integration patterns in Nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis using long-read sequencing technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13339854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147875950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete genome sequencing and molecular characterization of indigenous enterovirus A71 genogroups D and G of India.","authors":"Abhinendra Kumar, Anita Shete, Swapnil Y Varose, Santosh Jadhav, Sunitha Kumari V S, Savita Yadav, Juhi Khurana, Nivedita Gupta, Pragya D Yadav, Sarah S Cherian, Madhu C Mohanty","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03189-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03189-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71), a neurotropic member of the Picornaviridae family, is a positive-strand RNA virus comprising of seven recognized genogroups (A-G) and has caused significant outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease worldwide. Despite prior identification of D and G genogroups in India, comprehensive full-genome characterization of these indigenous lineages remains unreported.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) and molecular phylogenetic analyses on two Indian isolates from acute flaccid paralysis cases: R13223-IND-02 (genogroup D) and V11-2209-01 (genogroup G). The complete genomes generated through NGS were aligned with publicly available full-length and partial EV-A71 sequences using MAFFT, and phylogenetic trees were constructed employing the maximum-likelihood method. Amino acid variations were then compared across the genogroups, as well as with prototype and neurovirulent reference strains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed robust clustering of these strains within distinct clades (bootstrap support ≥ 99%)\", divergent from globally prevalent genogroups B and C. Both D and G genogroups appear geographically restricted to India, while genogroup D persists as an endemic lineage. Comparative genomic analyses demonstrated extensive nucleotide divergence, including numerous non-synonymous substitutions across both structural (VP1-VP4) and non-structural (2A-3D) coding regions. An E-Q substitution at amino acid position 145 in the VP1 structural protein was detected in both D and G genogroups, a site functionally linked to receptor binding and mouse virulence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight the evolutionary independence and sustained circulation of D and G genogroups in India, suggesting a unique regional evolutionary trajectory. The implications hold significant global relevance, offering valuable insights for molecular surveillance, advancing pathogenesis research, and supporting the development of genogroup-specific vaccine strategies tailored to diverse epidemiological landscapes. This study is the first to report the complete genome of EV-A71 D and G genotypes in India, and its unique mutation characteristics provide a direct target for the development of region-specific vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13334907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147869688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and application of a detection method for chinese rice-field eels rhabdovirus (CrERV) using the RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a System.","authors":"Na Su, Chen Xu, Wenzhi Liu, Mingyang Xue, Zhenyu Huang, Nan Jiang, Yan Meng, Yong Zhou, Yuding Fan, Ya Zheng","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03185-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03185-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Chinese rice-field eel rhabdovirus (CrERV) is an emerging pathogen that causes hemorrhagic disease in Chinese rice-field eels (Monopterus albus), leading to epidemic outbreaks, mass mortality, and considerable economic losses in aquaculture. Thus, the development of rapid and reliable diagnostic tools for on-site detection is urgently needed to address this issue. In this study, we established an RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a-based assay for CrERV detection, which exhibited superior sensitivity, specificity, and stability. The assay achieved a detection limit of 10¹ copies/µL. Specificity testing confirmed the absence of cross-reactivity with five other major aquatic viruses, including Grass carp reovirus (GCRV-II), Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV), Largemouth bass virus (LMBV), Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2), and White spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Reproducibility analysis showed intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation below 10%. Analysis of the 26 clinical samples showed that the RPA‑CRISPR/Cas12a assay achieved a higher positivity rate (23.08%, 6/26) compared to qRT‑PCR (15.38%, 4/26), providing preliminary evidence for its diagnostic potential in detecting CrERV. Collectively, these findings indicate that the RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a platform is a highly sensitive, specific, and user-friendly tool for rapid CrERV surveillance in aquaculture settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13335202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147864581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the analytical performance of the MAGLUMI HEV IgM and IgG assays for automated detection of HEV antibodies and comparison with the microplate Wantai assay.","authors":"Daying Geng, Yihua Zhu, Hongwei Zhang, Kun Liu, Shuguang Chen, Zhonggang Fang, Zhiqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03187-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03187-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection screening and diagnosis are critical for controlling the HEV epidemic. Serological testing for anti-HEV IgM and IgG is widely used to diagnose acute and past HEV infections, respectively. This study aims to evaluate the analytical performances of the MAGLUMI HEV IgM and IgG assays for detection of HEV antibodies and comparison with the microplate Wantai assay.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed the precision, cross-reactivity, and interference of the MAGLUMI HEV IgM and IgG assays, as well as their agreement rates with the Wantai HEV IgM and IgG assays. Method comparison included in total 775 samples from 405 patients with suspected HEV infection and 86 asymptomatic blood donors. Among them, the HEV infection status of 136 individuals was confirmed through HEV RNA results, including 39 cases of acute infection, 3 cases of convalescence, and 94 cases of non-infected individuals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The within-run and between-day imprecision for the MAGLUMI HEV IgM assay ranged from 1.54% to 3.71%, while for the MAGLUMI HEV IgG assay, it ranged from 0.00% to 4.35%. No cross-reactivity was observed in either assay. The positive and negative agreement rates between the MAGLUMI and Wantai IgM assay were 98.61% and 99.31%, respectively. The positive and negative agreement rates between the MAGLUMI and Wantai IgG assay were 94.95% and 97.20%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the analytical performance of the MAGLUMI HEV IgM and IgG assays is good, with reactivities comparable to those of the Wantai HEV IgM and IgG assays. However, due to the limited availability of HEV RNA detection results and lack of HEV genotype information, this study could not effectively evaluate the clinical performance of the reagent, and further studies with HEV RNA determination and genotyping are needed for a clinical validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13321755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EBV DNA load and cytokines guide risk-stratified treatment in pediatric EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.","authors":"Longlong Xie, Xuedan Jiang, Xiao Li, Xun Li, Xiangyu Wang, Haipeng Yan, Haixia Yang, Ting Luo, Zhenghui Xiao, Meiyu Yang, Xiulan Lu","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03182-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03182-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Our study aims to investigate the dynamic changes in plasma/serum EBV-DNA levels and the cytokines IL-10 and IFN-γ during early chemotherapy. This will help predict refractory EBV-HLH and guide more personalized treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, single-centre cohort investigation included 117 EBV-HLH; out of these, 48 had comprehensive paired data before and after induction treatment. The median age was 3.86 years. Patients were classified based on pre-treatment plasma/serum EBV-DNA levels into high-load (≥ 5.51 × 10⁴ copies/mL) and low-load cohorts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with high plasma/serum EBV-DNA loads demonstrated a higher prevalence of DIC (20.00% vs. 3.51%, OR = 7.15) at baseline. After a two-week treatment period, the decline in EBV-DNA was strongly correlated with reductions in IFN-γ (r = 0.443, P = 0.002) and IL-10 (r = 0.540, P < 0.001). Interestingly, in this study, we also found that children with a double-positive status (EBV+/IFN-γ + or EBV+/IL-10+) did not have the worst prognosis two weeks after initial treatment. However, children with HLH who are EBV (+) but cytokine (-) have a lower proportion of partial responses. Similarly, most children with HLH who are plasma or serum EBV-negative but cytokine-positive are also in the non-response period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the early stages of treatment, monitoring plasma/serum free EBV-DNA, as well as IL-10 or IFN-γ indicators, and stratifying patients is an effective method to identify children with EBV-HLH who are prone to refractory disease. This approach is of great significance for guiding their subsequent treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13471677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}