Virology Journal最新文献

{"title":"Quantum dot immunochromatographic strip for rapid and sensitive detection of H5 subtype avian influenza virus.","authors":"Han Wu, Ping Wang, Jiamin Fu, Fan Yang, Linfang Cheng, Fumin Liu, Hangping Yao, Nanping Wu, Lihua Xu, Haibo Wu, Lanjuan Li","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02882-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02882-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The H5 subtype avian influenza viruses (AIVs) pose a major threat to wild fowl and poultry. Additionally, they can overcome the species barrier, inducing human infection, which may become fatal. Thus, the H5 subtype AIVs remain a global public health burden, with a huge pandemic potential. Therefore, it is imperative to establish a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for detecting H5 subtype AIV infection for diagnostic and preventive purposes. The quantum dot fluorescent microsphere-based immunochromatographic strip (QDFM-ICS) is being widely used for detecting various viruses. We here developed a pair of monoclonal antibodies (2F2 and 2B7) by immunizing mice with the A/duck/Zhejiang/6D2/2013(H5N6) virus and covalently linking them with quantum dots to generate a QDFM-ICS for detecting H5 subtype AIVs. The QDFM-ICS showed a limit of detection of 0.0625 hemagglutination units (HAU) per 80 µL for live H5 subtype AIVs and 1.2 ng/mL purified H5N6 hemagglutination protein, respectively. In addition, it demonstrated good reproducibility with a coefficient of variation of < 10%, showing a high degree of repeatability. The strips exhibited a full percentage of specificity. Notably, their sensitivity and specificity remained unaffected even when stored for 3 months at room temperature or 4 °C. Furthermore, the application in practical testing on field samples demonstrated a strong correlation between QDFM-ICS and real-time PCR. The QDFM-ICS can be used in less time, with a simpler operation, and lesser expenditure. Thus, QDFM-ICS is a practical and promising technique for detecting H5 subtype AIVs, especially in point-of-care testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"246"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12275334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144668619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characteristics of human adenovirus isolated from the 2024 influenza-like illness outbreaks in Suzhou City, China.","authors":"Jia Zang, Yueping Xing, Hongkai Zhang, Yanshi Wu, Xuerong Ya, Qiang Shen, Zefeng Dong","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02870-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02870-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human adenoviruses (HAdV) comprises a genetically diverse group of double-stranded DNA viruses strongly associated with influenza-like illness (ILI) and acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) outbreaks. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular characteristics of HAdV implicated during ILI outbreaks in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province in 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Throat swab samples were gathered from settings with ILI outbreaks in Suzhou between March 2024 and January 2025. These samples were analyzed using rapid multi-pathogen detection and real-time PCR. HAdV-positive samples were inoculated into human epidermoid larynx carcinoma cell line (Hep2) for HAdV isolation, followed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using the MiSeq platform. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic trees for the whole genome, hexon, penton base and fiber genes were constructed using IQ-TREE v2.3.6 software. Amino acid variation analysis was performed with BioEdit 7.7.1 software, while recombination detection and visualization were conducted using Recombination Detection Program version 4.101 (RDP4) and SimPlot 3.5.1 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 488 outbreak samples collected, 53 (10.86%) tested positive for HAdV, making it the second most prevalent respiratory pathogen. These HAdV-related respiratory outbreaks occurred during the spring-summer and autumn-winter transitions, showing no significant regional differences but a slightly higher positive rate in males than in females (13.83% vs. 7.66%, p = 0.028). Twenty-nine HAdV-positive samples were selected for viral isolation and genome sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most isolates clustered with recently circulating HAdVB3 strains, while several clustered with HAdVB7 or previously reported HAdVB3/7 recombinant genotypes. Compared with the HAdVB3 reference sequence (OQ518322.1), multiple nonsynonymous amino acid substitutions were identified in antigenic determinant domains (loop 1 and loop 2) of the hexon protein. Besides, four substitution sites were detected in each of the penton base and fiber proteins. Recombination analysis identified seven strains as HAdVB3/7 recombinants, displaying three distinct recombination patterns. Notably, the strain SZTC20241129 carried HAdVB7-derived insertional fragments spanning partial E2B gene region, 52/55 kDa protein, protein IIIa precursor (pIIIa), and the penton base. In contrast, the other recombinant strains (SZZJ20240513, SZTC20241133, SZZJ20240515, SZZJ20240516, SZCS20241240 and SZCS20241242) possessed an HAdVB7-derived genomic backbone along with multiple HAdVB3-derived insertional fragments, encompassing a range of structural and regulatory genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HAdV was one of the leading causative agents of ILI outbreaks in Suzhou in 2024, with HAdVB3 being the predominant genotype (22/29, 75.9%). Strikingly, HAdVB3/7 recombinant strains with P7H7F3 and P7H3F3 genetic constituents were ","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"243"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12265240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CD8 T cell dynamics and immune cell trafficking in ZIKV infection: implications for neuroinflammation and therapy.","authors":"Sungjun Park","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02866-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02866-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 2015-2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic underscored the severe consequences of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and the broader challenges posed by neurotropic flaviviruses. As key mediators of cytotoxic immunity, CD8 T cells play a crucial and multifaceted role in ZIKV pathogenesis. While essential for controlling viral replication, their infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS)-an immune-privileged site-raises potential concerns regarding immunopathology. This review explores the dual roles of CD8 T cells during ZIKV infection, emphasizing both their antiviral functions and their potential to drive neuroinflammation. We examine how ZIKV infection and chemokine-mediated signals facilitate immune cell trafficking across the blood-brain barrier, drawing parallels with other neurotropic flaviviruses. We also explore how therapeutic agents, such as the S1P receptor modulator FTY720, influence lymphocyte trafficking and CNS immune regulation. Finally, we review emerging interventions-including vaccines, antivirals, immunomodulators, and passive immunotherapies-that aim to achieve effective viral control while minimizing neural damage. A balanced understanding of immune cell responses in flavivirus infections is essential for guiding future therapeutic strategies against ZIKV and related neurotropic viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"242"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) enhances translation of virus-resembling AU-rich host transcripts.","authors":"Kyra Kerkhofs, Nicholas R Guydosh, Mark A Bayfield","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02838-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02838-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Viruses strongly rely on the host's translational machinery to produce viral proteins required for replication. However, it is unknown how viruses that do not globally inhibit cap-dependent translation compete with abundant host transcripts for ribosomes. Viral infection often triggers eukaryotic initiator factor 2α (eIF2α) phosphorylation, leading to global 5'-cap-dependent translation inhibition. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) encodes mRNAs mimicking 5'-cap structures of host mRNAs and thus inhibition of cap-dependent translation initiation would likely also reduce viral translation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>RSV-infected HEp-2 and A549 cells were analyzed to determine translation levels using western blotting, indirect immunofluorescent staining and polysome profiling. Transcriptome-wide translation efficiencies of virus-infected cells were compared against mock-infected cells using high-throughput sequencing of poly(A)-tail enriched total mRNA and transcripts associated with heavy polysomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We confirmed that RSV limits widespread translation initiation inhibition and unexpectedly found that the fraction of ribosomes within polysomes increases during infection, indicating higher ribosome loading on mRNAs during infection. High-throughput sequencing revealed that virus-resembling, AU-rich host transcripts become more efficient at ribosome recruitment. Using a previously published dataset, we observe similar trends in another negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings revealed that RSV changes the translational landscape by enhancing translation of virus-resembling AU-rich host transcripts rather than inhibiting host translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12265200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genomic region matters when synthesizing dsRNA for plant virus suppression via RNAi.","authors":"Karol Barroso, Juliana Milagres, Talia Tracton, Teja Shidore, Raja Muthuramalingam, Rania El-Tanbouly, Márcia Ambrósio, Washington da Silva","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02709-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02709-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant viruses are one of the most economically important plant pathogen groups in the world, and there is no viricide available for their control. Therefore, RNA interference (RNAi)-based crop protection has become a promising strategy for the control of viral plant pathogens in agricultural systems. Herein, we aimed to test the hypothesis that exogenously applied dsRNA molecules derived from different viral genomic regions induce different levels of viral suppression by RNAi in plants. We also evaluated the fate and movement of the dsRNA molecules inside tobacco plants. We synthesized dsRNAs from three potato virus Y (PVY) cistrons, helper component-protease (HC-Pro), nuclear inclusion protein b (NIb), and coat protein (CP), and applied them to tobacco leaves to test our hypothesis. Our results indicated that all three dsRNAs applied can provide some level of protection to plants against PVY infection. However, the intensity and longevity of protection depend on the type of dsRNA applied. HC-Pro-dsRNA induced greater protection, entered, and moved faster in tobacco plants than dsRNAs from NIb and CP cistrons. Furthermore, dsRNAs were detected in systemic leaves after 24 h of dsRNA application and remained for at least 14 days, demonstrating that these molecules translocated systemically inside the plant. The synthesis and application of exogenous dsRNAs targeting the HC-Pro genomic region of PVY appear to be a promising strategy for controlling PVY. Moving forward, we are working on developing a delivery system to sustainably provide plants with those molecules to create viricides for practical agricultural applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12257704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deletion viral genome diversity among bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 1a and 1b strains.","authors":"David J Holthausen, Darrell O Bayles, John D Neill, Rohana P Dassanayake, Shollie M Falkenberg, Harish Menghwar, Eduardo Casas","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02773-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02773-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pervasive respiratory pathogen of economic concern for the cattle industry. Transplacental infection results in abortion or the establishment of a tolerant and persistent viral infection. Deletion viral genomes (DelVGs) are naturally occurring products of the viral replication process. These deletion viral genomic transcripts are generated with truncations of various sizes that severely impede or prevent self-replication. DelVGs have been implicated in the establishment of viral persistence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a bioinformatic pipeline to discover the presence of BVDV DelVGs. These DelVGs were identified via analysis of Illumina MiSeq reads from 74 BVDV1 field isolates from two closely related subgenotypes and from an in vitro passage of a BVDV1a virus at two different multiplicities of infection (MOI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the identification of DelVGs, we assessed their phylogenetic linkage to begin elucidating potential roles in the viral life cycle and persistence. BVDV1a viruses queried generate significantly more DelVGs, with 52% of 5' and 3' junctions occurring in the core/capsid (C) region and a major NS2-NS5B deletion species. In contrast, the BVDV1b viruses generated significantly fewer DelVGs, especially a reduction in C region deletions. In vitro passaging of the BVDV1a Singer virus demonstrated that MOI significantly impacts the generation of DelVGs, with higher MOIs generating more DelVGs and a different deletion profile.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Here, we report that the BVDV1a and BVDV1b subgenotypes generate diverse species of DelVGs. These DelVGs may play key roles in BVDV evolution and the establishment of persistence during transplacental infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"237"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12257715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in the molecular epidemiology of human papillomavirus in males from the plateau region of Southwest China: an 11-year retrospective analysis (2014-2024).","authors":"Jian-Peng Hu, Jun-Ling Wang, Yun Li, Mei Yang, Jing Li, Hong-Ying Li, Na Qiao, Chao-Fu Yue, Hong-Xia Liu, Xiu-Ping Li, Jin-Si Yang, Qian Xiong, Zhe-Wei Fang, Jian-Dong Zhang, Ting Ji, Zong-Sheng Wu, Rui Zhu, Yin-Yu Zhou, Fan Zhang, Shu-Min Li, Hong-Na Li, Chun-Ju Yang, Zheng-Fu Zhang, Fei He, Yan-Liang Zhang, Yong Sun, Hong-Wei Li","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02861-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02861-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection may increase the risk of malignancies in males, including penile, rectal, anal, prostate, bladder, and oropharyngeal cancers. However, few studies focused on the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) in male patients. This study aims to retrospectively investigate the trends of HPV molecular epidemiology in males residing in the plateau region of Southwest China from 2014 to 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study investigated the trends of HPV molecular epidemiology in 3580 males residing in the plateau region of southwest China from 2014 to 2024. Samples were collected for DNA extraction, and detection of 27 HPV genotypes by Luminex xMAP technology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HPV prevalence fluctuated between 43.17% and 56.02% over the 11 years, with an average prevalence of 50.28% (1800/3580, 95% CI: 48.64%-51.92%). Among infected individuals, LR-HPV alone, HR-HPV alone, and mixed infection accounted for 71.00%, 9.83%, and 19.17%, respectively. Single, dual, triple, quadruple, and other multiple infections accounted for 73.22%, 18.28%, 5.33%, 2.22%, and 0.95%, respectively. HPV prevalence varied by clinical diagnosis: the highest in warts (76.99%, 1114/1447), followed by neoplasms (67.15%, 92/137), other diagnoses (39.10%, 364/931), rash (30.17%, 73/242), urinary inflammation (24.23%, 47/194), and asymptomatic individuals (17.49%, 110/629). Age-specific HPV prevalence exhibited a U-shaped bimodal pattern. The top five HR-HPV genotypes were HPV16 (2.35%), HPV59 (2.18%), HPV52 (1.68%), HPV56 (1.54%), and HPV39 (1.48%), while the top three LR-HPV genotypes were HPV6 (26.45%), HPV11 (16.82%), and HPV43 (1.98%). The coverage rates of the currently available bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent HPV vaccines were 5.18%, 66.84%, and 73.17%, respectively. However, these vaccines do not cover HPV51, HPV39, HPV59, HPV56, HPV53, HPV43, and HPV61, which are highly prevalent genotypes in the Chinese population.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the urgent need for developing and promoting HPV vaccines tailored to the Chinese population and accelerating HPV vaccination programs among adolescents. Integrating male HPV vaccination into the national immunization program could significantly reduce the burden of HPV-related infections and diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"238"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12257770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity of HIV in Yunnan, China: the role of second-generation recombination involving circulating and unique recombinant forms.","authors":"Ying-Na Xie, Zheng-Xu Li, Ya-Ting Chen, Yong-Juan Li, Zhu-Qian Yang, Yuan Ren, Zi-Xuan Yang, Xin Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02863-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02863-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The genetic diversity of HIV is significantly influenced by second-generation recombination events involving circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) and unique recombinant forms (URFs), which are crucial for the virus's evolution and dissemination. The China-Myanmar border region is recognized as a focal point for inter-subtype recombination of HIV, with recombinant strains predominating in this area.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Near full-length HIV genomes were amplified from plasma samples of eight Burmese individuals newly diagnosed with HIV in Baoshan, China, from 2006 to 2020. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using maximum likelihood methods, and Bootscan analysis was conducted to identify recombination structures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the eight sequences, one (YN33F28) clustered with subtype C, and one (YN9M24) with CRF08_BC. The remaining six sequences did not cluster with any known HIV subtypes, indicating they might represent novel recombinant strains. Bootscan analysis revealed that three sequences (YN36F38, YN35F22, and YN32M22) were likely formed through second-generation recombination involving known CRFs (CRF82_cpx and CRF86_BC) and a URF (KY406739). Additionally, three sequences (YN34F21, YN7F27, and YN8F28) were identified as newly formed URFs, resulting from complex recombination events between HIV subtypes B, C, and CRF01_AE.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results underscore the continuous evolution of HIV via recombination in the China-Myanmar border region. The identification of second-generation recombinants and newly formed URFs highlights the importance of continuous molecular surveillance to better understand HIV diversity and to inform strategies for prevention, treatment, and vaccine development.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"240"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12257697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serotype-specific host proteome remodeling in human foreskin fibroblasts during lytic HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection.","authors":"Xiaohong Pan, Jiaxin Xie, Zhidan Zhang, Xiaomei Guo, Jixiong Li, Di Lin, Ying Qian, Jingwen Xu, Yunzhang Hu, Jiandong Shi","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02803-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02803-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) exhibit distinct clinical manifestations, yet the molecular basis of their serotype-specific pathogenicity remains unclear. This study presents a comparative proteomic analysis of human foreskin fibroblast (HFF-1) cells during lytic HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections to elucidate host-pathogen interactions driving differential virulence. Using data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS), we identified 280 and 219 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in HSV-1- and HSV-2-infected cells, respectively. Key DEPs revealed serotype-specific modulation: HSV-1 upregulated antiviral effectors (ISG20, IRF7) while downregulating chemokine signaling (CXCL12, DEF8) and promoting lipid metabolism (PTDSS1). In contrast, HSV-2 upregulated inflammatory effectors (IGHV3-9, SERPINA1), enhanced NF-κB signaling (BCL3), and altered glycometabolism (GYS1, FBN1). Pathway enrichment analysis showed that HSV-1 suppressed inflammatory and antigen presentation pathways to evade immune responses, whereas HSV-2 induced stronger pro-inflammatory responses and metabolic reprogramming related to lipid and glycometabolism. Overall, these findings provide a proteomic roadmap for understanding serotype-specific pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"239"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12257817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of phage vB_Ps_ZCPS13 in controlling Pan-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from urinary tract infections (UTIs) and eradicating biofilms from urinary catheters.","authors":"Amira A Mohamed, Emad M El-Zayat, Ayman El-Shibiny","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02848-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02848-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pan-drug resistance (PDR) is a ticking time bomb, as it causes high human hospitalizations and mortality rates. For instance, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with significant rates of urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to several reasons including antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation and the presence of various virulence factors. Consequently, there is an urgent need for safe and effective alternative antibacterials. Phage therapy is a promising alternative that uses naturally occurring bacteriophages (phages). Therefore, our present study investigated the isolation and characterization of a novel virulent phage (vB_Ps_ZCPS13) against the PDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain (Ps13).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Phage vB_Ps_ZCPS13 was isolated from raw sewage water in Egypt during the springtime. The isolated phage was purified and amplified, followed by estimating its purity and genome size using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), morphology using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), antibacterial activity against other P. aeruginosa hosts, physiochemical stability studies, whole genome sequencing, antibiofilm activity on urinary catheters using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cytotoxicity assays against normal human skin fibroblast (HSF) cell lines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on vB_Ps_ZCPS13 morphology under TEM, the phage has been classified as a myovirus. In consistent with the PFGE results, DNA sequencing revealed a phage genome size of 92,443 bp, with lytic-associated genes and no antimicrobial resistance or virulence factors. Phage vB_Ps_ZCPS13 presented a wide host range of over 93% of tested clinical isolates having different multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices. Furthermore, phage vB_Ps_ZCPS13 exhibited high efficiency in plaque formation (EOP ≥ 1) against 13% of the strains and exhibited low frequencies of bacteriophage insensitive mutants (BIM). The physical stability test against harsh environmental conditions revealed phage stability within a pH range of 3.0-11.0 and stable at temperatures below 70 °C. Phage vB_Ps_ZCPS13 also exposed a significant antibacterial activity in vitro across different MOIs, with the highest reduction in bacterial growth observed at lower MOIs. Furthermore, vB_Ps_ZCPS13 demonstrated potent biofilm inhibition and clearance capabilities, effectively eradicating P. aeruginosa from the urinary catheter surface. Moreover, the phage presented no cytotoxicity against normal human skin fibroblast (HSF) cell lines at high titer.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study offers an effective phage as a therapeutic candidate against PDR Gram-negative P. aeruginosa infections, including catheter-associated urinary tract infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"236"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12255097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144620766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}