Virology Journal最新文献

{"title":"Molecular detection and genomic characterization of Samak Micromys paramyxovirus-1 and -2 in Micromys minutus, Republic of Korea.","authors":"Augustine Natasha, Sarah E Pye, Seung Hye Cho, Haryo Seno Pangestu, Jieun Park, Kyungmin Park, Sara P Prayitno, Bohyeon Kim, Jong Sun Lee, Jongwoo Kim, Shailesh Budhathoki, Yeonsu Oh, Jin-Won Song, Carolina B López, Jun Gyo Suh, Won-Keun Kim","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02532-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02532-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The discovery of viruses in small mammalian populations, particularly rodents, has expanded the family Paramyxoviridae. The overlap in habitats between rodents and humans increases the risk of zoonotic events, underscoring the importance of active surveillance. Rodent species, such as Apodemus agrarius, are natural hosts for Paramyxoviridae in the Republic of Korea (ROK). However, it is unknown whether Paramyxoviridae is present in Micromys minutus, another common rodent.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Here, we screened M. minutus collected from the Gangwon Province in the ROK for paramyxoviruses using nested polymerase chain reaction and confirm positive samples by next-generation metagenomic sequencing. Complete paramyxovirus genomes were further characterized by phylogenetic analysis, amino acid similarity, secondary structure, and cophylogeny.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Overall, 57 of 145 (39.3%) M. minutus kidney samples tested positive for paramyxoviruses. Among them, four whole genome sequences were identified and clustered within the genus Jeilongvirus. One sequence was determined as Samak Micromys paramyxovirus 1 (SMPV-1; 19,911 nucleotides long) and three sequences as Samak Micromys paramyxovirus 2 (SMPV-2; 18,199 nucleotides long). SMPV-1 has a smaller hydrophobic gene and a longer glycoprotein gene than SMPV-2. Cophylogenetic analysis suggests that SMPV-1 evolved through co-divergence, whereas SMPV-2 was inferred to have undergone transfer events.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the prevalence of paramyxoviruses in the wild and the potential of M. minutus as a natural viral reservoir. The discovery of SMPV-1 and SMPV - 2 also reveals the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of the genus Jeilongvirus in the Paramyxoviridae.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"255"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11481300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upregulation of keratin 15 is required for varicella-zoster virus replication in keratinocytes and is attenuated in the live attenuated vOka vaccine strain.","authors":"Cristina Tommasi, Ohad Yogev, Michael B Yee, Andriani Drousioti, Meleri Jones, Alice Ring, Manuraj Singh, Inga Dry, Oscar Atkins, Aishath S Naeem, Nisha Kriplani, Arne N Akbar, Jürgen G Haas, Edel A O'Toole, Paul R Kinchington, Judith Breuer","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02514-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02514-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is the etiological agent of chickenpox and shingles, diseases characterised by epidermal virus replication in skin and mucosa and the formation of blisters. We have previously shown that VZV infection has a profound effect on keratinocyte differentiation, altering the normal pattern of epidermal gene expression. In particular, VZV infection reduces expression of suprabasal keratins 1 and 10 and desmosomal proteins, disrupting epidermal structure to promote expression of a blistering phenotype. Here, we extend these findings to show that VZV infection upregulates the expression of keratin 15 (KRT15), a marker expressed by basal epidermal keratinocytes and hair follicles stem cells. We demonstrate that KRT15 is essential for VZV replication in the skin, since downregulation of KRT15 inhibits VZV replication in keratinocytes, while KRT15 exogenous overexpression supports viral replication. Importantly, our data show that VZV upregulation of KRT15 depends on the expression of the VZV immediate early gene ORF62. ORF62 is the only regulatory gene that is mutated in the live attenuated VZV vaccine and contains four of the five fixed mutations present in the VZV Oka vaccine. Our data indicate that the mutated vaccine ORF62 is not capable of upregulating KRT15, suggesting that this may contribute to the vaccine attenuation in skin. Taken together our data present a novel association between VZV and KRT15, which may open a new therapeutic window for a topical targeting of VZV replication in the skin via modulation of KRT15.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"253"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11465976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review of case reports on COVID-19 associated myocarditis: a discussion on treatments.","authors":"Vanessa Lim, Gopal Topiwala, Emiliya Apinova, Marina Diioia","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02499-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02499-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although COVID-19 is a disease consisting of mostly upper and lower respiratory symptoms, a subset of patients develop cardiac sequelae including myocarditis and pericarditis. For these patients, a standardized set of diagnostic imaging techniques and treatments has not been established. While there have been numerous case reports on this topic, there are few reviews that evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment modalities with a significant number of cases. We reviewed 146 cases of patients (ages ranging from 2 months old to mid 80 s) obtained from searches on PubMed, Google Scholar, and several case report journals. ECG abnormalities, elevated inflammatory markers, and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction were most associated with COVID-19 myocarditis. While classic symptoms of COVID-19 include upper respiratory symptoms, a subset of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 displayed no signs of respiratory disease at all. In 22% of cases, cardiac sequelae was not present until after the patient recovered from COVID-19. Steroids were given in 57.5% of cases. Cardiac MRI was used in 40.4% of cases for diagnosis of myocarditis. Of all the patients who were treated with ECMO, 82.1% of these patients were able to fully recover. The use of cardiac MRI and transthoracic echocardiogram for diagnosis of COVID-19 myocarditis should be heavily considered in any patient with COVID-19 infection. ECMO, IVIG, steroids, and anticoagulants should also be heavily considered. A randomized controlled trial should be conducted to better associate treatments with outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"252"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11465911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical symptoms, comorbidities and health outcomes among outpatients infected with the common cold coronaviruses versus influenza virus.","authors":"Thevambiga Iyadorai, Sin How Lim, Pui Li Wong, Hoe Leong Sii, Chun Keat P'ng, Soon Sean Ee, Maw Pin Tan, Nik Sherina Hanafi, Kim Tien Ng, Jack Bee Chook, Yutaka Takebe, Kok-Gan Chan, Sarbhan Singh, I-Ching Sam, Kok Keng Tee","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02524-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02524-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Common cold coronaviruses (ccCoVs) and influenza virus are common infectious agents causing upper respiratory tract infections (RTIs). However, clinical symptoms, comorbidities, and health effects of ccCoV infection remain understudied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study evaluated 3,935 outpatients with acute upper RTI at a tertiary teaching hospital. The presence of ccCoV and influenza virus was determined by multiplex molecular assay. The demographic, clinical symptoms, and health outcomes were compared between patients with ccCoV (n = 205) and influenza (n = 417) infections. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to evaluate predictors and health outcomes over a one-year follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sore throat, nasal discharge, headache, and myalgia were more predominant in ccCoV infection; fever was common in influenza. Most patients reported moderate symptoms severity (49.8% ccCoV, 56.1% influenza). Subsequent primary care visits with symptoms of RTI within a year were comparable for both infections (27.3% ccCoV vs. 27.6% influenza). However, patients with influenza reported increased primary care visits for non-RTI episodes and all-cause hospital admission. Baseline comorbidities were associated with increased primary care visits with symptoms of RTI in either ccCoV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-5.9; P = 0.034) or influenza (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.1-3.1; P = 0.017) infections, due probably to the dysregulation of the host immune response following acute infections. In patients infected with influenza infection, dyslipidemia was a predictor for subsequent primary care visits with symptoms of RTI (unadjusted OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.0-3.0; P = 0.040).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both influenza and ccCoV infection pose significant disease burden, especially in patients with comorbidities. The management of comorbidities should be prioritized to mitigate poor health outcomes in infected individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"251"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11462790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adenoviral fiber-knob based vaccination elicits efficient neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses against adenovirus infection.","authors":"Ahmed Orabi, Kamyar Shameli, Ulrike Protzer, Hassan Moeini","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02520-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02520-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) frequently cause common respiratory or gastrointestinal infections among children, adults, individuals with immune deficiencies, and other vulnerable populations with varying degree of symptoms, ranging from mild to server, and in some cases, even fatalities. Despite the significant clinical impact of HAdVs, there is currently no approved vaccine available.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study explores the potential of the adenovirus type 5 fiber knob (Ad5-FK) to stimulate the production of Ad-specific neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses in mice. Based on structure predictions, we first expressed Ad5-FK in E. coli and confirmed the assembly of FK into its trimeric form. After testing the binding capability of the trimeric FK to susceptible cells, the immunogenicity of the protein in combination with the c-di-AMP adjuvant was assessed in BALB/c mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The purified Ad5-FK exhibited self-trimerization and maintained correct conformation akin to the authentic FK structure. This facilitated effective binding to susceptible HEK293 cells. Notably, the protein demonstrated significant inhibition of HEK293 cells infection by rAd5-GFP. Immunization of BALB/c mice with Ad5-FK, or Ad5-FK mixed with c-di-AMP yielded FK-specific antibodies with potent neutralization capacity. Significantly, Ad5-FK was found to elicit a vigorous CD4⁺ T-cell response in the immunized mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings underscore the efficacy of FK-based vaccine in eliciting anti-Ad humoral immune response and CD4 T-cell immune reactions essential for protection against viral infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"246"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11457358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Detection, characterization, and phylogenetic analysis of novel astroviruses from endemic Malagasy fruit bats.","authors":"Sophia Horigan, Gwenddolen Kettenburg, Amy Kistler, Hafaliana C Ranaivoson, Angelo Andrianiaina, Santino Andry, Vololoniaina Raharinosy, Tsiry Hasina Randriambolamanantsoa, Cristina M Tato, Vincent Lacoste, Jean-Michel Heraud, Philippe Dussart, Cara E Brook","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02527-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-024-02527-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"249"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11460201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the immunological response elicited by a polyvalent foot and mouth disease vaccine and its compatibility with a diva test in Jimma Town, Ethiopia.","authors":"Hailehizeb Tegegne, Eyoel Ejigu, Dese Woldegiorgis","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02485-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-024-02485-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The research was conducted in Jimma town, Oromiya Regional State, from October 2022 to June 2023, with the aim of assessing the immune response of polyvalent FMD (Foot and Mouth Disease) vaccine. The study involved 34 cattle in a longitudinal study, divided into two groups: 29 vaccinated and 5 unvaccinated. The vaccinated cattle received an inactivated polyvalent FMD virus vaccine produced by the National Veterinary Institute. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 14, 21, 35, 80, and 125 after vaccination and tested using Virus Neutralization Test and 3ABC ELISA. The results showed a significant increase in neutralizing antibodies against structural proteins in all vaccinated cattle on day 14 after vaccination for all three serotypes. (A/ETH/21/2000, p = 0.015; O/ETH/38/2005, p = 0.017; SAT2/ETH/64/2009, p = 0.007). On day, fourteen of post-vaccination vaccinated group showed immune response equal or above 1.5 log10 in a proportion of 69%, 73% and 94% for serotype A/ETH/21/2000, O/ETH/38/2005 and SAT2/ETH/64/2009 respectively. The status of raised antibody titer on day 125 post-vaccination showed decreasing by 14%, 18% and 4% for serotype A/ETH/21/2000, O/ETH/38/2005 and SAT2/ETH/64/2009 respectively. The DIVA test, or 3ABC ELISA, used to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals, revealed the absence of immune response to the Non-structural protein in the vaccinated cattle group. Conversely, the unvaccinated group showed no recorded antibody titer to both structural and non-structural proteins. In summary, the commercially available FMD vaccine, comprising serotype A, O, and SAT2, triggers an immune response to the structural protein rather than the non-structural protein after the initial administration. This outcome implies that FMD vaccines from the National Veterinary Institute align with the DIVA test. Nevertheless, additional efforts may be necessary to bolster the strength and duration of the vaccine-induced immune response.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"250"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia as a reliable predictor of long-term mortality among older adults hospitalized in pulmonary intermediate care units: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Ying Liang, Chun Chang, Yanling Ding, Xiaoyan Gai, Hongling Chu, Lin Zeng, Qingtao Zhou, Yongchang Sun","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02526-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-024-02526-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 viremia is associated with disease severity and high risk for in-hospital mortality. However, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 viremia on long-term outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 is poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective cohort study and recruited a group of older adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to pulmonary intermediate care units of Peking University Third Hospital during December 2022 and January 2023. The plasma level of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was determined by a standardized RT-PCR technique, and SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia was defined as a plasma viral load ≥ 50 copies/ml. In-hospital and follow-up (180-day) outcome data were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 101 patients with an average of 80.4 years were recruited, and 63.4% of them were severe or very severe cases. Twenty-eight patients (27.7%) had SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia, with a median viral RNA load of 422.1 [261.3, 1085.6] copies/ml. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia were more likely to develop critical cases and had a higher incidence of sepsis. Accordingly, they had a higher 180-day mortality (57.1% vs. 19.7%, P < 0.001), as well as in-hospital mortality (50.0% vs. 13.7%, P < 0.001), independent of age, disease severity, sepsis, lymphocyte count and C-Reactive protein. In addition, the risk for 180-day mortality increased with the SARS-CoV-2 RNA load in plasma. Plasma cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10, were higher in patients with SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study indicates that SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia serves as a useful biomarker for predicting mortality, especially long-term mortality, in older adult patients hospitalized in pulmonary intermediate care units.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Chinese Clinical Trial Registry website (No. ChiCTR2300067434).</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"247"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11457408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of HPV genotypes in Mashhad, Iran: insights from a 2022-2023 study.","authors":"Arash Letafati, Masoomeh Noroozi, Tina Fallah, Ali Vasheghani Farahani, Mohammad Mostafa Baradaran Nasiri, Hossein Pourmoein, Zahra Sadeghi, Omid Salahi Ardekani, Karimeh Heshmatipour, Saba Yousefi Nodeh, Marzieh Alipour, Shima Sadeghipoor, Iman Rezaee Azhar, Masoud Parsania","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02518-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-024-02518-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human papillomavirus (HPV), is one of the main causes of cervical cancer and also one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). HPV is responsible for almost all cases of cervical cancer and plays a principal role in causing other cancers including oropharynx, penis, larynx, oral cavity, anus, vulva, and vagina. The study aims to investigate the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes among patients referred to private laboratories in Mashhad, located in the northeast of Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>428 samples including 382 females (89.3%) and 46 males (10.7%) between January 10, 2022, and February 11, 2023, in Mashhad, Iran were evaluated to detect HPV and determine its genotypes. Cervical swabs and urine samples were collected from females and males, respectively. Viral DNA was extracted by using a CedExtra purification kit (cedbio, Iran) and viral genotypes were identified with a High + Low Papillomastrip kit (Operon, Spain). Mann Whitney U test and Chi-square test were accomplished for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>From the total of 428 participants analyzed, the HPV test result was positive for 129 patients (30.1%) and negative for 299 people (69.9%). Among the participants, 115 female (30.1%) and 14 male (30.4%) were positive for HPV infection. The prevalence of HPV infection among the referring people was about 30%. The most common genotype identified was HPV-6 (10.3%), followed by HPV-16 (8.7%) and HPV-51 (7.7%), the second and third most common genotypes, respectively. Additionally, HPV-39 was detected at a frequency of 6.70%. HPV-11, HPV-61, HPV-91, and HPV-44 with a frequency of 1% were among the least genotypes identified among the patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In line with the results of this study, the prevalence of HPV genotypes in both genders is 30%. The results likely reflect differences in the prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes, that are less common. Also, HPV-6 and HPV-16 genotypes that are covered by the vaccine had a significant prevalence. On the other hand, with the prevalence of HPV-51 and HPV-39 genotypes in infected people who are not covered by the Gardasil (quadrivalent) vaccine, there is a risk of related cancers in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"248"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11460210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oncolytic activity of a coxsackievirus B3 strain in patient-derived cervical squamous cell carcinoma organoids and synergistic effect with paclitaxel.","authors":"Yanzhen Lin, Nanyi Liu, Chuanlai Yang, Haoyin Tan, Changjian Fang, Kang Yu, Huan Zhao, Ningshao Xia, Wei Wang, Xiumin Huang, Tong Cheng","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02502-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02502-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is a prevalent gynecological malignancy worldwide. Current treatments for CSCC can impact fertility and cause long-term complications, underscoring the need for new therapeutic strategies. Oncolytic virotherapy has emerged as a promising option for cancer treatment. Previous research has demonstrated the oncolytic activity of the coxsackievirus B3 strain 2035 A (CVB3/2035A) against various tumor types. This study aims to evaluate the clinical viability of CVB3/2035A for CSCC treatment, focusing on its oncolytic effect in patient-derived CSCC organoids.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The oncolytic effects of CVB3/2035A were investigated using human CSCC cell lines in vitro and mouse xenograft models in vivo. Preliminary tests for tumor-selectivity were conducted on patient-derived CSCC tissue samples and compared to normal cervical tissues ex vivo. Three patient-derived CSCC organoid lines were developed and treated with CVB3/2035A alone and in combination with paclitaxel. Both cytotoxicity and virus replication were evaluated in vitro.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CVB3/2035A exhibited significant cytotoxic effects in human CSCC cell lines and xenograft mouse models. The virus selectively induced oncolysis in patient-derived CSCC tissue samples while sparing normal cervical tissues ex vivo. In patient-derived CSCC organoids, which retained the immunohistological characteristics of the original tumors, CVB3/2035A also demonstrated significant cytotoxic effects and efficient replication, as evidenced by increased viral titers and presence of viral nucleic acids and proteins. Notably, the combination of CVB3/2035A and paclitaxel resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity and viral replication.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CVB3/2035A showed oncolytic activity in CSCC cell lines, xenografts, and patient-derived tissue cultures and organoids. Furthermore, the virus exhibited synergistic anti-tumor effects with paclitaxel against CSCC. These results suggest CVB3/2035A could serve as an alternative or adjunct to current CSCC chemotherapy regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"245"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11452971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}