Virology Journal最新文献

{"title":"Salvage therapy with an Albuvirtide-based antiretroviral regimen for multi-drug resistant HIV and drug-resistant HBV with renal impairment: a case report.","authors":"Yaozu He, Baolin Liao, Yuantao Liu, Yang Cao, Linghua Li, Weiping Cai","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02794-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02794-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The clinical management of HIV, particularly in the context of multi-drug resistance (MDR) and co-infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), is notably complex. Here we present a case study of a patient with multi-drug resistant HIV who was co-infected with drug-resistant HBV and suffered from renal insufficiency. We employed an optimized regimen based on the fusion inhibitor Albuvirtide (ABT), combined with highly effective, low nephrotoxicity antiviral drugs for HBV. This approach ultimately achieved effective suppression of both HIV and HBV.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 58-year-old male, diagnosed with HIV in 1997 and co-infected with HBV, experienced renal insufficiency. Due to poor adherence, he developed resistance to nucleoside, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors over nearly two decades, necessitating frequent modifications to his ART regimen. In 2019, HIV RNA rebounded to 1120 copies/mL, prompting resistance testing that revealed high-level resistance to Elvitegravir (EVG), intermediate resistance to Raltegravir (RAL), and potential low-level resistance to Bictegravir (BIC) and dolutegravir (DTG). This led to a strategic overhaul of the ART to ABT + Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (FTC/TAF) + double-dose DTG, resulting in a significant suppression of the HIV. Concurrently, HBV suppression and renal function were well-maintained.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case underscores the potential value of individualized treatment strategies for patients with multidrug-resistant HIV and HBV co-infection complicated by renal impairment. The observed virological control following the use of novel agents such as Albuvirtide (ABT), in combination with second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) like DTG, alongside renal-sparing antivirals, highlights the importance of designing optimized regimens based on resistance profiles and renal function. This personalized and adaptive therapeutic approach may offer clinical benefits in similarly complex scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"149"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12090603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of oral HPV infection and genotype distribution in Iranian children during the early ages of life.","authors":"Mona Sadat Larijani, Amir Javadi, Alireza Fahimzad, Rahim Soleimani, Farbod Tabatabaei, Amir Houshang Nejadeh, Mahboubeh Jamshidi, Anahita Bavand, Ladan Moradi, Fatemeh Ashrafian, Amitis Ramezani","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02767-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02767-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the oral cavity has been shown to be common in the young populations with uncertain consequences. Persistent oral oncogenic HPV infection could lead to oropharyngeal malignancy. HPV transmission from mother to fetus is still under question besides the horizontal routes which seem to be emerging. Although HPV infection is mostly transient in young populations, detecting oral HPV in children might be valuable to understand the prevalence, transmission, and natural history of HPV infections in this age group and determination the role of maternal vaccination against HPV. The present study aimed to determine the oral HPV prevalence and genotyping in Iranian children during first-5-year of life for the first time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted in Pasteur Institute of Iran. Buccal samples of the population ≤ 5 years old and also of a subset of mothers were investigated. DNA extraction was done and Real-Time PCR was performed to characterize HPV infection. The positive samples were re-assessed through hybridization assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Totally, 201 children aged from 3 days to 5 years old were enrolled in this study among whom16 children were HPV-positive accounting for 7.9% (n=16) with a higher incidence in the population <1month (27.3%). HPV16 and HPV18 were the most frequent HPV types accounting for 50% and 37.5%, respectively followed by HPV31, HPV35, HPV39 and HPV56. Multiple HPV infections were detected in 7 children among whom HPV16 was dominantly detected (71.4%). In a subgroup of mothers who provided oral samples, the total HPV prevalence was 9.5% and HPV18 was the most frequent type followed by HPV16, HPV82, HPV35 and HPV11. Furthermore, the positive HPV status in mothers led to a significant risk of infection in children (p<0.001; OR=165). HPV genotypes between mothers and offspring did not show full concordance. What is more, a significant difference regarding the type of delivery and HPV positivity in children was observed (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present research indicates that oral HPV infection is quite common in early ages of Iranian children. Multiple HPV infections and a high prevalence of HPV16 are concerning issues for unknown consequences. Lack of full concordance of HPV types between mothers and offspring highlights the possible routes of horizontal transmission. Detecting oral HPV, especially the oncogenic types, could provide rationales for screening tests and setting policies in the future. Additionally, the obtained results emphasize HPV vaccination programs to reduce the rate of HPV transmission from mothers to children.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of most promising Ebola therapies on survival: a secondary analysis during the tenth outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo.","authors":"Esther Mamu Kikwango, Pierre Z Akilimali, Nguyen Toan Tran","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02766-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02766-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>MAb114, REGN-EB3, Remdesivir, and ZMapp, which are monoclonal antibody-based treatments, have been compared and shown to be promising therapies against the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD). There has been no comparison between these medications and standard treatment (without antiviral). Our study aimed to examine the contribution of each regimen compared to standard treatment on the survival of EVD patients and assess whether this association was modified by EVD vaccination (rVSV-ZEBOV Ebola vaccine) status.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>We performed a secondary analysis study using retrospective cohort data obtained from four EVD treatment centers located in Katwa, Mangina, Butembo, and Beni in the North Kivu region. The main outcome measure was mortality within a 28-day period among 781 included patients. A Cox model was used to identify predictors of survival in hospitalized EVD patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vaccinated EVD patients were 1.7 times less likely to die compared to unvaccinated patients (3.70 days vs. 5.00 days; p = 0.0002). Delaying care and treatment at EVD treatment centres increased mortality risk by 5% for each day following symptom onset. Compared to the standard treatment group, adjusted mortality rates were significantly reduced in the groups receiving MAb114 (0.27, p < 0.001), REGN-EB3 (0.26, p < 0.001), and Remdesivir (0.38, p = 0.005). ZMapp also showed a reduction, though with borderline statistical significance (0.47, p = 0.032).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prompt identification and treatment, along with enhanced supportive care (such as replenishing fluids and electrolytes and managing symptoms), significantly improve survival chances. Concurrently, administering vaccines and using mAb114, REGN-EB3, and, to some extent, Remdesivir further increase patient survival rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiopulmonary function alterations in mild and moderate SARS-CoV-2 patients: a longitudinal comparison of pre-infection and early recovery phases.","authors":"Yijing Feng, Jinyi Xu, Xianglin Lian, Xiaoju Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02777-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02777-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the changes of CPET and pulmonary function indexes in patients with mild and moderate SARS-CoV-2 before infection and in the early recovery period, and to explore the influence of SARS-CoV-2 on cardiopulmonary fitness and its pathogenesis. Clinical data of 39 cases are collected, and paired analyses of CPET and pulmonary ventilation parameters before and after infection are performed using software SPSS. Bivariate correlations are analyzed for days post-infection, VO_2peak decline rate, VO_2peak/kg after infection, AHRR decline rate, and residual symptom count. The results show that VO_2peak, VO_2peak/kg, and AT significantly decreased after infection. The VE/VCO₂ slope increased, while PetCO₂, VE_peak, and VE/VCO₂ minimum showed reductions. FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC remained unchanged. OUES significantly declined, along with AHRR and HR_peak, although no significant differences are observed in HR_rest, HRR-1 min, and HRR-2 min. The number of residual symptoms is significantly correlated with VO_2peak/kg and its decline rate, but not with infection duration. Additionally, the decline rate of VO_2peak/kg is strongly associated with post-infection time and post-infection VO_2peak/kg. VO₂/HR and power also decreased significantly. Moreover, after SARS-CoV-2 infection, cardiopulmonary function, including cardiac chronotropic and muscle function, is significantly impaired in mild and moderate patients. Residual symptoms are closely linked to cardiopulmonary function. Given the large proportion of mild and moderate cases, these findings offer valuable insights for developing targeted interventions to prevent further symptom progression and improve cardiopulmonary health in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"142"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of dried blood spot (DBS) and plasma HIV-1 viral load measurements using Roche COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan assay, Northwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Firehiwot Kebede, Getu Girmay, Gezahegn Bewket, Muluneh Assefa, Tadelo Wondmagegn, Mulualem Lemma, Nega Berhane","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02762-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02762-2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Quantitative determination of HIV-1 viral load measurements using plasma samples has been widely applicable for prompt monitoring at baseline and following initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, improper mixing of whole blood with anticoagulants during plasma sample processing, as well as limited access to specialized health facilities might hinder HIV diagnosis services. Considering its higher stability and increased accessibility in areas with poor laboratory settings, the dried blood spot (DBS) sample might be a suitable alternative approach for periodic monitoring of HIV-1 viral load measurements. Thus, in this study, we aimed to compare the quantitative determination of HIV-1 RNA levels using plasma and DBS samples among people living with HIV in Northwest Ethiopia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;An institutional-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from March to July 2020 using 48 paired plasma and DBS samples among people living with HIV at the HIV Treatment Center, Northwest Ethiopia. A total of four milliliters of venous blood was collected to harvest plasma and for DBS sample preparation. The HIV-1 RNA extraction, amplification, and quantification were performed using the Roche COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan version 2.0 assay. Data were managed and analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. Mean HIV-1 viral load measurements as well as the associations between plasma and DBS sample measurements were computed using a paired sample t-test and Pearson's correlation statistical tests, respectively. In addition, the level of agreement and the presence of proportional bias between sample measurements were performed using the Bland-Altman plot and linear regression models, respectively. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Among 48 people living with HIV, more than half (64.6%) of them were females. The minimum and maximum age of the study participants was 12 and 58 years, respectively. The mean difference with standard deviation (SD) of sample measurements (DBS minus plasma) HIV-1 viral load was 0.66 ± 0.70 log copies/mL. In the current study, a strong association with a significant linear correlation (r = 0.796) (p &lt; 0.001) was obtained from Pearson's correlation analysis among HIV-1 viral load measurements between DBS and plasma samples. Moreover, the Bland-Altman plot also depicted a high level of agreement between the sample measurements.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The findings of the current study suggested that DBS samples could be considered as an alternative approach for periodic monitoring of HIV-1 viral loads to scale-up the HIV diagnosis and treatment coverage, particularly in areas with limited laboratory settings due to minimal invasive blood collection, higher stability at room temperature or ease of transportation, and decentralized sample collection approa","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"145"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of novel Jingmen tick virus in hard ticks from diverse hosts in Guangxi, southwestern China.","authors":"Panyu Chen, Xihua Wei, Tengcheng Que, Tengyue Yan, Shousheng Li, Yanli Zhong, Yingjiao Li, Meihong He, Wenjian Liu, Yanling Hu","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02751-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02751-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ticks are the second most important vectors of arboviruses after mosquitoes, and they also serve as reservoir hosts for some zoonotic diseases. It is essential to understand the prevalence of tick-borne viruses in ticks from different sampling sites and vectors, as this information can facilitate the surveillance and prevention of arboviral infectious diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically collected ticks from a variety of animals, including wildlife and domestic livestock, across 18 distinct regions in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(Guangxi). We then identified the ticks using traditional morphological classification and molecular biology methods to investigate the diversity of ticks in the regionWe also systematically examined the diversity of viruses carried by ticks using comprehensive virological methods based on viral metagenomics. We performed phylogenetic and recombination analyses for the assembled viral sequences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We collected 1286 Ixodidae from 18 sampling sites in 17 districts of Guangxi. We identified 4 genera and 6 species of Ixodidae. We annotated 2 unclassified viruses and 13 known viral families. We assembled 208 nucleotide sequences and obtained six near full-length sequences of Jingmen tick virus (JMTV). Among these sequences, GXTV-PC4.2 and GXTV-43 were new mutant strains of JMTV. We detected genetic recombination of JMTV in segments 2, 3, and 4 of JMTV.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study uncovers a diverse tick fauna in Guangxi, including 4 genera and 6 species, and a broad virome with 13 viral families and 2 novel viruses. The JMTV, in particular, shows significant genetic diversity and potential for cross-species transmission, marked by new strains and recombination events. These findings underscore the need for vigilant tick-borne disease surveillance in Guangxi.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"143"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical features and risk factors for Epstein-Barr virus-associated encephalitis: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Zhu Liu, Anjiao Peng, Luyan Huang, Leihao Sha, Yusha Tang, Yongzhao Zhou, Lei Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02768-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02768-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been gradually recognized as an important pathogen of encephalitis, but our knowledge of EBV-associated encephalitis is still limited. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features and explore the risk factors for EBV-associated encephalitis in a large cohort of Chinese patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All patients with confirmed encephalitis in our center from June 2020 to April 2021 were enrolled. Data were extracted from the electronic medical record system and analyzed by Student's t test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, and logistic regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included a total of 364 patients diagnosed with encephalitis, among which 86 cases (23.6%) had EBV detected in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and 39 cases were diagnosed with EBV-associated encephalitis. The clinical characteristics of EBV-associated encephalitis differ from those caused by other herpes viruses. Compared to other herpes virus-related encephalitis, patients with EBV encephalitis exhibited significantly higher protein levels (1.310 [0.695, 1.840] vs. 0.710 [0.490, 1.700], p < 0.001), lower glucose levels (3.030 [2.585, 3.640] vs. 3.380 [2.990, 4.030], p < 0.001), and a higher incidence of meningeal involvement on MRI (11 (30.6%) vs. 3 (6.5%), p = 0.010). Additionally, univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age (OR = 1.015, 95% CI: 1.002-1.029), HIV infection (OR = 4.285, 95% CI: 1.582-11.816), non-tumor immunosuppression (OR = 5.713, 95% CI: 1.588-22.883), and peripheral blood EBV infection (OR = 10.204, 95% CI: 4.231-26.346) were independent risk factors for CNS EBV infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to other herpes virus-associated encephalitis, EBV encephalitis is characterized by a higher degree of meningeal involvement, elevated CSF protein levels, lower glucose levels, and a reduced T-lymphocyte count in peripheral blood. These characteristics suggest that EBV encephalitis may have a distinct pathophysiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12076911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The characteristics of new-onset myasthenia gravis after COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Yanzhen Huang, Yu Wu, Shaodan Zhou, Xianting Que, Ailing Jiang, Danli Shi, Ting Lu, Yanlan Chen, Ziqun Lin, Chao Liu, Yishuang Wen, Shuyi Zhang, Wen Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02774-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02774-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Little research has been conducted on new-onset myasthenia gravis (MG) patients following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 surged in China on December 7th, 2022. This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of new-onset MG patients after COVID-19 and analyze factors affecting their disease improvement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All new-onset MG patients before (December 1st, 2021 to December 7th, 2022) and after COVID-19 outbreak (December 8th, 2022 to November 30th, 2023) were included in this study. Data was collected through the electronic medical record system and follow-up. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of clinical improvement in patients with new-onset MG.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>359 new-onset MG patients (165 before COVID-19 outbreak and 194 after COVID-19 outbreak) were enrolled in this study. After COVID-19 outbreak, there was an increase in new-onset MG patients, with more cases occurring within the first three months. The rates of pulmonary inflammation (40.28%), COVID-19 vaccination (88.14%), and treatment with tacrolimus (15.98%) and MG duration (15 weeks, IQR: 5.75, 32) were higher, while rates of thymectomy (13.92%), baseline MG-ADL (3, IQR: 3, 6), and QMGS (7, IQR: 5,8) were lower compared to new-onset MG patients before COVID-19 outbreak. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age at onset (OR 0.964, p < 0.001), baseline MG-ADL (OR 1.611, p < 0.001), and ocular MG (OR 0.401, p = 0.041) were independent predictors of clinical improvement in new-onset MG after the COVID-19 outbreak.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this single-center cross-sectional study, new-onset MG patients following the COVID-19 outbreak showed altered seasonal onset patterns, milder disease severity, and higher OMG onset age. Age at onset is an independently negative predictor of improvement in new-onset MG patients after the COVID-19 outbreak. Whereas baseline MG-ADL is an independently positive predictor.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"140"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rising threat of Nipah virus: a highly contagious and deadly zoonotic pathogen.","authors":"Arindam Ganguly, Saptarshi Mahapatra, Shibsankar Ray, Sayantan Chattopadhyay, Md Jabiul Islam, Sathi Garai, Tapas Kumar Dutta, Manasi Chattaraj, Sourav Chattaraj","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02728-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-025-02728-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly virulent zoonotic infectious agent that poses a significant threat to public health. The virus is characterized by its pleomorphic structure and a single-stranded negative-sense RNA genome. It encodes six structural proteins and three nonstructural proteins. Attachment glycoproteins play a crucial role in allowing the virus to attach to the host cell surface. The matrix protein facilitates the encapsidation of the viral genome and proteins, enabling the formation of mature viral particles. The virus can spread via different routes, including zoonotic spillover and human-to-human transmission. Clinical manifestations include mild respiratory illness and severe and fatal encephalitis. The case fatality rate of Nipah virus infection varies widely, ranging from 40 to 75%, and is regulated by factors such as healthcare availability and quality, the patient's condition, and the virulence of the infecting strain. NiV has been reported in Malaysia, Bangladesh, and India, with fruit bats serving as natural reservoirs. Early detection and prompt response are crucial for controlling outbreaks; however, these efforts are hindered by diagnostic challenges and delayed recognition. The World Health Organization has categorized NiV as a priority pathogen owing to its epidemic potential, recurrent outbreaks, and alarming mortality rates. The persistent transmission dynamics and genetic stability of the Nipah virus among fruit bats require immediate attention and coordinated global action. The present study reviews the epidemiology, clinical features, and modes of transmission of Nipah virus infection, its geographical distribution, and endemic regions, highlighting the challenges in managing disease outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"139"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitory effect of Alantolactone against varicella-zoster virus in vitro.","authors":"Xinna Wu, Yunchuang Chang, Chengcheng Kong, Zhiwei Ding, Dongli Pan, Ping Lin, Sanying Wang, Genxiang Mao","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02759-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-025-02759-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a member of the α-herpesvirus family, is known for causing two distinct diseases: chickenpox (varicella) during the primary infection and shingles (zoster) due to reactivation of the virus later in life. Although there are vaccines available to prevent VZV infection, it is still not universally effective, and antiviral treatments for VZV are limited and may come with significant side effects. Thus, development of novel therapeutics is urgently needed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified a naturally occurring Alantolactone (ALT) that inhibited replication of recombinant VZV in human diploid fibroblast (WI-38 cells) and Adult Retinal Pigment Epithelial cell line-19 (ARPE-19 cells) through Western blotting, qPCR and plaque assays. Subsequently, we explored the mechanism underlying the anti-VZV activity of ALT using time-of-addition experiments and transcriptomic analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A screening model was established for anti-VZV compounds, and we screened ALT was with good anti-VZV efficacy. Our findings revealed that ALT alleviated cytopathic changes, reduced viral titres, and inhibited the expression of viral genes and proteins in WI-38 cells and ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, our data showed that ALT inhibited VZV infection in intracellular viral replication. Finally, multiple inflammatory pathways were involved in the antiviral role of ALT, and IL-6 was one of the most critical hub genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Together, our findings identify ALT as an anti-VZV agent that may prove useful in the treatment of VZV replication.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"138"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}