Virology Journal最新文献

{"title":"Sensitivity of gargle samples compared to swabs for SARS-CoV-2 detection with nucleic acid amplification testing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Iryna Kayda, Kwana Lechiile, Mai-Lei Woo Kinshella, Jeffrey N Bone, Pascal M Lavoie, David M Goldfarb","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03206-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03206-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gargle sampling emerged as a novel method for diagnostic testing during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, yet uncertainty remained about its performance when compared with conventional sampling methods.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the performance of self-collected gargle samples compared to traditional healthcare worker (HCW)-collected upper respiratory tract swabs for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection with nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO registration: CRD42022312628) to (1) estimate sensitivity of gargle sampling, (2) estimate the difference in sensitivity between gargle and swab methods, and (3) understand how various testing contexts may impact gargle sensitivity. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus, and preprint servers were searched. Studies reporting primary data and investigating COVID-19 diagnostic performance of self-collected gargle samples compared to HCW-collected swabs tested using NAAT were included. Quality assessment was performed, and random effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled gargle sensitivity and mean difference in sensitivity between gargle and swab methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Searches identified 1453 results with 32 studies included. Meta-analysis pooled 34 gargle-swab comparisons. Gargle sensitivity was estimated to be 92.2% (95% confidence interval: 89.6% to 94.2%), and 3.3% (0.4% to 6.3%) less sensitive than swab collection. Gargle sensitivity was greater than 87.0% across diverse patient characteristics, settings, type or volume of gargle liquid, length of gargling time, wait time prior to gargling, and reference swab type used. Greatest sensitivities were observed when gargle sampling for 30 s or greater using 5-9 mL of saline. Gargle sensitivity of 93.0% (87.8% to 96.1%) was observed when there was no required wait time, and 90.1% (87.0% to 92.5%) when compared to combined nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Gargle sampling may be a sensitive, alternative method for SARS-CoV-2 detection across various testing contexts, and its implementation has potential to reduce barriers associated with HCW-collected swabs, that may be challenging to collect.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13459294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148164734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A temporally controlled isothermal amplification-CRISPR/Cas12a platform for the rapid detection of monkeypox virus.","authors":"Zhijie Wei, Xun Xu, Qiao Qiao, Jinlei Guo, Tao Wu, Heng Rong, Shuo Ning, Xiaojuan Zhu, Kangchen Zhao, Jincan Ke, Lele He, Ying Chi, Yiyue Ge, Lunbiao Cui, Xiaoyan Min","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03210-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03210-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Given the continuous threat posed by emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases worldwide, a rapid, sensitive, and practical molecular detection technology is urgently required for timely point-of-care (POC) diagnosis. Although the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) based technologies exhibit high sensitivity and specificity compared with traditional pathogen detection methods, they are not applicable for POC detection scenarios.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on the photocontrolled principle, this study established a universal photoactivation strategy for LbCas12a by modifying four sites in the repeat region of LbCas12a crRNA with the photocleavable protecting group 6-nitropiperonyloxymethyl (NPOM). This strategy was integrated with multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) to develop a photocontrolled one-pot rapid detection method for monkeypox virus (MPXV), termed the temporally controlled MIRA-CRISPR/Cas12a (TC-MIRA-CRISPR/Cas12a) assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The TC-MIRA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay exhibited a 100-fold improvement in detection sensitivity over the conventional one-step assay, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.9 copies per reaction, which was comparable to stepwise detection assay. The entire assay can be completed within 40 min, faster than the widely used qPCR. In clinical sample detection, this method showed good consistency with qPCR, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.980 (P < 0.001), a sensitivity of 98.4%, and a specificity of 100%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This method effectively avoids amplicon contamination while maintaining high sensitivity, and exhibits excellent universality and expandability. It enables detection of other pathogens simply by modifying the spacer sequence of crRNA, providing a novel technical approach and research perspective for POC detection of MPXV and other pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13474499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148164700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Prime-boost immunization with inactivated human adenovirus type 55 combined with an adjuvant enhances neutralizing antibody responses in mice.","authors":"Sang Hwan Seo, Jung-Ah Choi, Dae-Im Jung, Yunjeong Park, Eunji Yang, Seohee Jung, Taesoo Kwon, Soon-Hwan Kwon, Manki Song","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03209-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03209-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13238066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148164766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial potential of five phages in controlling Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium.","authors":"Henni Tuomala, Tiina Nylund, Markus Mustonen, Annika Flod, Saija Kiljunen","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03147-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03147-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis are opportunistic pathogens that form an increasing concern for hospital-acquired infections due to their natural and acquired antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Although phage therapy has gained global interest as a response to emerging AMR, Enterococcus remains an understudied target for phage therapy. In this context, we aimed to isolate Enterococcus-specific phages and study their in vitro infection efficacy when combined into cocktails, in the presence of antibiotics and human serum and against bacterial biofilms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We isolated one E. faecium-phage fHoEfm07, that did not resemble any known phage genera and four E. faecalis-phages belonging to Saphexavirus (fHoEfa01 and fHoEfa06) and Efquatrovirus (fHoEfa03 and fHoEfa04) genera. The phages from the genus Saphexavirus and fHoEfm07 were suitable for therapeutic applications based on their genome characterization; however, the phages belonging to the Efquatrovirus genus contained a potential AMR-related gene. In vitro studies indicated that interactions between phages, antibiotics, and human serum depended on the specific phage-host pairing or antibiotic concentration. Moreover, only phage fHoEfa03 reduced the biofilm masses after 3 h and 24 h phage treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides valuable insights into the potential of Enterococcus phages in conditions mimicking phage therapy. The characterization of novel phages, assessment of their therapeutic suitability, and exploration of synergistic treatment strategies contribute to the foundational knowledge required to advance phage therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13227665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148151508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of a novel lytic phage Artin targeting typhoidal and nontyphoidal Salmonella and evaluation of its antibacterial efficacy in food.","authors":"Zahra Ramezannia, Zahra Miri Kordkandi, Farid Azizi Jalilian","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03204-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03204-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phages are increasingly viewed as powerful natural tools for controlling Salmonella and other foodborne pathogens, offering an alternative to conventional antimicrobials. However, the extensive serotype diversity of Salmonella and the rise of phage-resistant strains highlight the need for isolating phages with broader host ranges and strictly lytic activity. Advancing such phage resources is essential for developing reliable biocontrol strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, a novel lytic phage with significant potential to combat various Salmonella strains was isolated from dog feces. Morphological and biological characteristics of phage Artin were assessed using transmission electron microscopy, stability assays under different temperature and pH conditions, and adsorption assays. Structural proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The host range was determined against four Salmonella serovars and six non-Salmonella species. Whole-genome sequencing followed by bioinformatics analysis was performed to elucidate the genomic features of Artin. The ability of phage Artin to control Salmonella Enteritidis in chicken breast meat and milk was further assessed at 4 °C. Statistical analysis was carried out using GraphPad Prism 8.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genomic analysis classified Salmonella_phage_Artin within the Caudoviricetes class, Markadamsvirinae subfamily, and Epseptimavirus genus, with a dsDNA genome size of 118,477 bp and a GC content of 39.78%, featuring 192 coding sequences (CDS) devoid of antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, and toxins. Phage Artin showed strong stability over a wide range of temperatures (4-70 °C) and pH levels (2-12). Approximately 53% of phage particles adsorb to host cells within 5 min. In addition to S. Enteritidis, phage Artin was also able to infect S. Typhimurium, S. Typhi, S. Choleraesuis, and Escherichia coli. At 4 °C, Artin reduced recoverable Salmonella in chicken breast by 1.3 log₁₀ CFU/mL and 2.7 log₁₀ CFU/mL at MOIs of 10 and 1000, respectively, relative to the phage-free control. Also, the recoverable Salmonella in milk decreased by 1.6 log₁₀ CFU/mL at MOI of 10 and 3.1 log₁₀ CFU/mL at MOI of 1000 compared to the control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Phage Artin is a strictly lytic phage with broad host range and high stability, effectively reducing S. Enteritidis in chicken and milk, highlighting its potential as a safe and efficient biocontrol agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13455252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148144728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-marketing safety profile of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide: a FAERS pharmacovigilance study with EudraVigilance validation and mechanistic investigation of pancreatitis.","authors":"Yuxin Xie, Yawen Luo, Yinghua Chen, Guoqing Shi, Yihuai He, Xia Liu, Zhiwei Cui, Fan Zou, Chengyu Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03178-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03178-2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) has demonstrated strong efficacy and favorable tolerability as a first-line HIV treatment. However, there is a lack of long-term safety data from large-scale studies and real-world settings. This study aimed to evaluate the post-marketing safety of BIC/FTC/TAF using the FAERS database, with external validation in EudraVigilance, and to further explore the potential mechanisms underlying the pancreatitis signal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A retrospective pharmacovigilance analysis was conducted using data from FAERS from 2018 to 2025. deduplication, disproportionality analyses were performed using the reporting odds ratio and Bayesian confidence propagation neural network methods, with Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. Sex-stratified analyses, time-to-onset analyses, and sensitivity analyses were additionally performed. Key findings were externally validated using EudraVigilance. Because pancreatitis emerged as an unexpected and clinically important signal, logistic regression, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and transcriptomic validation were further applied to explore its potential biological basis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 5,815 adverse drug (ADE) reports were identified in FAERS, Reports were more frequently submitted for male patients. Several identified positive ADEs were consistent with the drug label, such as weight increase (n = 526, ROR 10.32), headache (n = 239, ROR 1.56), immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) (n = 113, ROR 76.26). Unexpected signals included \"pancreatitis\" (n = 51, ROR 4.37), \"dysphagia\" (n = 104, ROR 4.47), and \"mental disorder (n = 33, ROR 3.3). Sex-stratified analyses showed more positive signals in males than in females, with differences in the signal spectrum between subgroups. Among 813 reports with valid time-to-onset data, most adverse events occurred within the first month, although approximately one-quarter were reported after 1 year. External validation in EudraVigilance identified 75 overlapping signals with FAERS, including weight increased, insomnia, dysphagia, diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, and acute pancreatitis. Mechanistic analyses suggested that BIC/FTC/TAF-associated pancreatitis may involve inflammatory and metabolic pathways, particularly the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, with hub targets including NFKB1, AKT1, STAT3, and MMP9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This study expands the post-marketing safety profile of BIC/FTC/TAF by identifying both recognized and potentially emerging adverse event signals in real-world pharmacovigilance data. Cross-database replication supported the robustness of several findings, particularly metabolic, psychiatric, renal, hepatobiliary, and pancreatic signals. Although these findings are hypothesis-generating rather than evidence of causality, they support continued clinical vigilance during both early and long-term","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13435438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148144719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of EBV DNA as a biomarker in nasopharyngeal carcinoma immunotherapy: a bibliometric and knowledge mapping analysis.","authors":"Yang Chen, Qicong Chen, Xiaosu Zou, Wenqian Nong, Taicheng Lu, Sifang Xie, Weiming Deng, Min Li, Guiping Lan, Gang Wang, Shenhong Qu","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03197-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03197-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The treatment response to immunotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) exhibits significant interindividual variability. As a biomarker closely associated with NPC, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA holds substantial importance in this research context. However, there is still an insufficient comprehensive assessment of the current research status and development trends of EBV DNA as a biomarker for NPC immunotherapy in the existing literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of 164 original English articles and reviews on EBV DNA as a biomarker in NPC immunotherapy, utilizing the WoSCC database along with CiteSpace and Bibliometrix software tools. The analysis and visualization were performed from the following aspects: publication trends, country/region distribution, keyword co-occurrence networks, patterns of co-authorship and co-citation, and the evolution of cited journals and themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Since 2017, research in this area has developed rapidly, with China and the United States being the two main contributors. The primary research hotspots include PD-1 inhibitors, antitumor activity, and exploration of molecular mechanisms. The field showed a clear shift from traditional themes centered on tumor burden, recurrence, radiotherapy, and prognosis toward immunotherapy-related themes, including PD-1, clinical trials, and dynamic monitoring.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>EBV DNA is increasingly viewed as a dynamic biomarker that integrates viral biology, tumor burden, and treatment response in NPC. Plasma EBV DNA is mainly derived from apoptotic or necrotic EBV-positive tumor cells, making its baseline level a surrogate of systemic tumor burden. Its kinetic changes during immunotherapy indicate tumor control, while fluctuations or elevations reflect combined effects of tumor destruction, viral reactivation and host immunity. Its value in prognostic stratification and dynamic monitoring has been relatively well established. Broader clinical use will require assay standardization and prospective validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13439843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148101903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergent immunometabolic landscapes of chicken and swan goose identify SERPINF2 as a novel restriction factor for influenza A virus.","authors":"Fangbing Li, Chenyang Ren, Wanlin Liu, Xin Yu, Jindan Yu, Yunfeng Ma, Yali Feng, Ying Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03208-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03208-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the natural hosts of avian influenza virus (AIV), wild birds generally exhibit a more tolerant immune response to AIV infection compared to domestic poultry. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood, partly due to limited access to wildlife biological samples imposed by animal protection principles. To investigate these differential immune responses, we established a peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infection platform. PBMCs from domestic chickens and swan geese were infected with H9N2 AIV, and label-free quantitative comparative proteomics was performed to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the two species, aiming to uncover potential host antiviral factors. Proteomic analysis revealed that chicken PBMCs showed marked activation of antiviral defense and inflammatory pathways, accompanied by upregulation of oxidative stress-related pathways. In contrast, swan goose PBMCs predominantly activated pathways associated with cellular integrity maintenance, metabolic homeostasis, and RNA surveillance. Subsequently, 12 DEP candidates with high expression fold-changes in swan goose PBMCs were selected and expressed in DF-1 cells to evaluate their antiviral activities. Among these, only SERPINF2, a member of the serine protease inhibitor family, significantly inhibited H9N2 AIV replication in DF-1 cells. Mechanistically, SERPINF2 suppressed viral replication by specifically inhibiting the cleavage of the viral hemagglutinin (HA) protein, thereby reducing the production of infectious progeny virions. This study reveals distinct immune response patterns to H9N2 AIV infection in chickens and swan geese, and identifies SERPINF2 as a novel restriction factor against H9N2 AIV, providing new insights into the antiviral mechanisms in natural AIV hosts.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13422316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in oncolytic virotherapy: insights from clinical trials and combination treatment strategies.","authors":"Omid Salahi Ardekani, Mahya Zarezade, Behshid Meymandi, Narjes Azami, Bahar Mahdavi, Toran Shahani","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03207-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03207-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Oncolytic virotherapy is a novel therapeutic paradigm in oncology that uses viruses to selectively replicate within cancer cells, causing targeted tumor cell destruction with minimal toxicity to healthy tissues. With the rapid growth of oncolytic virotherapy and the accumulation of clinical studies on this subject, the present review aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of current achievements in cancer treatments involving oncolytic viruses (OVs).</p><p><strong>Main text: </strong>Numerous clinical trials have been conducted to assess the therapeutic efficacy and safety of OVs across a variety of cancer types. Several OVs have received approval worldwide, with the primary ones being T-VEC (Imlygic) in the treatment of melanoma (FDA/European approval), Oncorine (H101) for cancers of the head and neck (China), and Teserpaturev for gliomas (Japan). Furthermore, several other clinical trials are currently underway, demonstrating the growing interest in the clinical development of oncolytic virotherapy as a potentially effective anticancer strategy. These clinical trials have explored multiple strategies to enhance the safety and therapeutic efficacy of OVs. Approaches include genetic modifications to improve tumor specificity, promote effective cancer cell lysis, and stimulate robust antitumor immune responses. In addition, OVs have been combined with other treatment modalities, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, cell-based therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, and targeted small-molecule agents. Innovative delivery systems, including cellular carriers, nanoparticles, hydrogels, and cell-based robotic platforms, have also been developed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Oncolytic virotherapy is a new and rapidly evolving treatment modality, which is promising in therapy against cancer. Clinical trials have proven that OVs can be a safe and effective way to treat cancer, making them an essential part of future therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13440092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Furin as target for suppression of mosquito-borne viruses.","authors":"Alejandra Centurión, Bodunrin Omokungbe, Markus Oberpaul, Ludwig Dersch, Sabrina Stiehler, Cross Chambers, Marcus Lechner, Tim Lüddecke, Alejandra Vilcinskas, Torsten Steinmetzer, Kornelia Hardes","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03199-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03199-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13218007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}