Virology Journal最新文献

{"title":"Acute transverse myelitis and associate vaccine complication in SARS-CoV-2 patients: a retrospective cohort analysis in real-world database.","authors":"Jack Yu-Shuo Lu, Shun-Fa Yang, Shu-Ling Tzeng, Yuan-Ti Lee, Yu-Hsun Wang, Chao-Bin Yeh","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02905-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02905-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acute transverse myelitis (ATM) is a rare neurological disorder often associated with infections, autoimmunity, and vaccination. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of ATM appeared to increase; however, the causal relationship remains uncertain due to limited follow-up and variability in case reporting. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of ATM in SARS-CoV-2 patients, identify associated risk factors, and explore potential links to vaccination using real-world data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using electronic health records from the USA collaborative network within the TriNetX database. The study included SARS-CoV-2-infected patients and a matched non-COVID-19 cohort from 2020 to 2023. Propensity score matching (1:1) was applied to minimize baseline differences between the groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the risk of developing ATM within a one-year follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection had a significantly higher risk of developing ATM compared to non-infected individuals (HR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.21-1.74). Stratified analyses confirmed this increased risk across various subgroups, including patients younger and older than 65 years, both males and females, and those infected during the Alpha strain-dominant period. No statistical significance between patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection after received different SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 infection appears to be more strongly associated with ATM than COVID-19 vaccination. Given the potential for lifelong disability and the need for long-term care in affected individuals, further studies are warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and preventive strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"277"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12344938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144837949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenesis, prevention, and therapeutic advances in hepatitis B, C, and D.","authors":"Junjie Liu, Tong Yuan, Lin Xue, Huifang Liang","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02907-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02907-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viral hepatitis poses a considerable risk to public health. Among the five hepatitis viruses, hepatitis B, C, and D virus are of particular concern due to their high rates of chronic infection and significant global disease burden. The World Health Organization's Global Health Sector Strategy, introduced in 2016, seeks to eradicate viral hepatitis as a public health issue by 2030, aiming for a 90% decrease in new infections and a 65% drop in fatality rates. Currently, there are several preventive and therapeutic interventions that can effectively halt the progression of the disease to an advanced stage. Nevertheless, forthcoming therapies must prioritize safety and effectively manage viral progression in a timely manner. Enhanced understanding of the molecular and immunological mechanisms underlying hepatitis viruses' infections would facilitate the formulation of effective treatment strategies. This review summarizes the pathogenesis of these viruses, explores prevention strategies such as vaccination and public health measures, and discusses current and emerging treatments. Emphasizing ongoing global efforts and future directions, this review highlights the critical need for sustained international collaboration to achieve the eradication of chronic viral hepatitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"274"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12337480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144822739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenicity of differentially glycosylated Marburg virus glycoproteins expressed in mammalian and insect cells.","authors":"Jie Li, Shaoyan Wang, Yue Cui, Liyuan Song, Zhenwei Song, Ping Huang, Xiangyang Chi, Ting Fang, Yunzhu Dong, Ruihua Li, Pengfei Fan, Yaoxing Wang, Lei Bi, Jianmin Li, Guanying Zhang, Changming Yu","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02884-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02884-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marburg virus (MARV) infection can cause severe disease, and there is no available vaccine or therapeutic method. Research into potential vaccine design is focused on the glycoprotein (GP), which mediates the adherence and invasion process of the virus. However, it is unclear whether the degree of GP glycosylation is associated with vaccine efficacy. Here we constructed two versions of the GP expressed using insect and mammalian cell systems, respectively, either containing the mucin-like domain (MARV GPΔTM including residues 1-637) or deleting residues 264-425 to remove the part of mucin-like domain (MARV GPΔTM ΔMuc). Physicochemical properties, antigenicity, and immunogenicity were compared for soluble GPs produced in different cell expression systems. The GPΔTM ΔMuc produced in mammalian cells was more immunogenic, as evidenced by the induction of higher titers of binding antibodies and more antibodies targeting the protective epitope. Our results may offer a better understanding of glycosylation for the development of vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"275"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12341111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144822738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical impact of hepatitis delta virus coinfection on liver fibrosis in hepatitis B patients: a population-based study.","authors":"Sisi Yang, Qiaofeng Ye, Yida Yang, Zhenxuan Ma","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02908-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02908-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evaluation of liver fibrosis appears to be easily overlooked in the clinic for the chronic Hepatitis D. Herein, we determine the Clinical Impact of liver fibrosis among HBsAg-positive/Anti-HDV positive US general adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2020. Liver fibrosis was assessed by the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) and aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) score. To minimize confounding, propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to compare HBV/HDV-coinfected and HBV-monoinfected individuals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 107,622 NHANES adults, 54,550 were tested for HBsAg and Anti-HDV, of whom 214 were identified as HBsAg-positive only, 50 were identified as HBsAg-positive/Anti-HDV-positive with available data for FIB-4/APRI. Mean APRI scores were 0.26 for the Non-Viral Hepatitis (NVH) group, 0.37 for the HBV group, and 0.42 for the HBV + HDV group. Corresponding mean FIB-4 scores were 1.07, 1.34, and 1.58, respectively. After PSM, HDV-infected individuals exhibited significantly higher fibrosis scores compared to HBV-positive individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hepatitis D is more severe than hepatitis B, with a higher propensity to progress to liver fibrosis. These findings highlight the importance of routine fibrosis screening in HBsAg-positive/anti-HDV-positive individuals to prevent advanced liver disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"273"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Revolutionizing immunization: a comprehensive review of mRNA vaccine technology and applications.","authors":"Kai Yuan Leong, Seng Kong Tham, Chit Laa Poh","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02880-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02880-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"272"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methylprednisolone pulse therapy compared with intravenous dexamethasone for severe COVID-19 patients: a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Kaveh Haratian, Arsalan Alaei, Golbarg Mehrpoor, Omid Kohandel Gargari","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02906-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02906-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, leads to severe respiratory complications, often requiring intensive care. Corticosteroids have been widely used to manage inflammation in COVID-19 patients, with dexamethasone and methylprednisolone being among the most commonly administered options. However, their relative efficacy remains a subject of debate. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of dexamethasone and methylprednisolone in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted at Imam-Ali Hospital, Karaj, Iran, on 300 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either intravenous dexamethasone (8 mg twice daily) or pulse methylprednisolone (500 mg daily for three days), in addition to standard COVID-19 management. The primary outcomes included mortality rate, ICU length of stay, and the need for mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes involved blood oxygen saturation (SpO₂) levels. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (version 26).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 150 patients in each treatment group. The mortality rate was 12.6% in the dexamethasone group and 15.3% in the methylprednisolone group, with no statistically significant difference (RR: 0.82, P = 0.50). The need for mechanical ventilation was observed in 16.6% of patients in the dexamethasone group and 21.3% in the methylprednisolone group, also without a significant difference (RR: 0.78, P = 0.30). However, ICU stay was significantly shorter in the dexamethasone group (9.5 days) compared to the methylprednisolone group (11.3 days) (P < 0.001). No significant differences were noted in SpO₂ levels between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both dexamethasone and methylprednisolone demonstrated similar efficacy in outcomes such as mortality rate need for mechanical ventilation in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. However, dexamethasone was associated with a significantly shorter ICU stay, suggesting a potential advantage in hospitalization duration. Further research is needed to refine corticosteroid use and explore additional immunomodulatory strategies to improve COVID-19 outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"270"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12326618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of an unusual tobacco rattle virus isolate and a novel phenuivirid in the Jerusalem sage.","authors":"Mathieu Mahillon, Nathalie Dubuis, Justine Brodard, Isabelle Kellenberger, Arnaud G Blouin, Olivier Schumpp","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02896-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02896-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"269"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12326667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection and comparison of clinical characteristics and disease progression among patients with HDV vs. hepatitis B mono-infection: real-world data from a large healthcare insurer-provider in Israel.","authors":"Rawi Hazzan, Clara Weil, Marvin Rock, Moshe Hoshen, Odelia Tassa Liani, Sivan Gazit, Yonatan Green, Chong Kim","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02897-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02897-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection occurs in patients with underlying hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and is associated with more rapid liver disease progression. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of HDV, describe HDV management, and compare disease progression among patients with HDV vs. HBV mono-infection in Israel.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study used anonymized data from Maccabi Healthcare Services. HDV prevalence and incidence were calculated among adults in 2010-2021 (latest decade, PCR test available in the database). HDV management and progression to a more advanced disease state and/or death (composite outcome) were examined in 2005-2021 (maximize follow up, antibody test available in the database). Disease progression post-index compared among HDV (index = earliest diagnosis or HDV-positive laboratory test) vs. HBV mono-infection (index = earliest HDV-negative test) by baseline disease state using Kaplan-Meier and Cox analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2010 to 2021, average annual HDV prevalence and incidence rates among patients with HBV (general population) were 2.3% (12.4/100,000) and 0.11% (0.59/100,000), respectively. From 2005 to 2021, patients with HDV (N = 168) vs. HBV mono-infection (N = 2,580) had lower socioeconomic status and higher baseline prevalence rates for HIV, HCV PCR positive, diagnosed drug dependence, and alcohol abuse. Risk of disease progression was higher among patients with HDV vs. HBV mono-infection (adjusted HR = 4.4, P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HDV prevalence among adults with HBV remained steady. Patients with HDV vs. HBV mono-infection had higher risk of progression to a more advanced liver disease state and/or death. The results of this study underscore a need for earlier identification of HDV infection, as well as more effective strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of HDV to mitigate future disease progression.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"271"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12326640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning algorithms to predict the risk of admission to intensive care units in HIV-infected individuals: a single-centre study.","authors":"Jialu Li, Yi Ding, Yiwei Hao, Chengyu Gao, Jinjing Xiao, Ying Liu, Yining Zhao, Qinlan Li, Lulu Xing, Hongyuan Liang, Liang Ni, Fang Wang, Sa Wang, Di Yang, Guiju Gao, Jiang Xiao, Hongxin Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02900-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02900-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV from a rapidly progressive and fatal disease to a chronic disease with limited impact on life expectancy. However, people living with HIV(PLWHs) faced high critical illness risk due to the increased prevalence of various comorbidities and are admitted to the Intensive Care Unit(ICU). This study aimed to use machine learning to predict ICU admission risk in PLWHs. 1530 HIV patients (199 admitted to ICU) from Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University were enrolled in the study. Classification models were built based on logistic regression(LOG), random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network(ANN), and extreme gradient boosting(XGB). The risk of ICU admission was predicted using the Brier score, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC), and area under the precision-recall curve(PR-ROC) for internal validation and ranked by Shapley plot. The ANN model performed best in internal validation (Brier score = 0.034, ROC-AUC = 0.961, PR-AUC = 0.895) to predict the risk of ICU admission for PLWHs. 11 important features were identified to predict predict ICU admission risk by the Shapley plot: respiratory failure, multiple opportunistic infections in the respiratory system, AIDS defining cancers, baseline viral load, PCP, baseline CD4 cell count, and unexplained infections. An intelligent healthcare prediction system could be developed based on the medical records of PLWHs, and the ANN model performed best in effectively predicting the risk of ICU admission, which helped physicians make timely clinical interventions, alleviate patients suffering, and reduce healthcare cost.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"267"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12326867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple high-risk human papillomavirus infections exacerbate cervical lesion risk: epidemiological evidence from suining, Sichuan.","authors":"Yaling Jing, Jianhui Chen, Fang Lin, Xiaonan Huang, Yulin Liu, Mingcai Zhao, Chuan Ye, Lianfang Zhao, Xiaofang Liu, Jiayan Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02904-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02904-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies on the pathogenicity of single and multiple human papillomavirus (HPV) infections have reported inconsistent results. Moreover, no data on HPV epidemiology in the Suining region of China have been published.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cervical samples were collected from women undergoing gynecological examinations at the Suining Central Hospital. Fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for HPV genotyping, and cytological and pathological examinations were performed to analyze the correlation between the infection patterns of high-risk HPV types (single vs. multiple infections) and cervical lesions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most prevalent high-risk HPV types were HPV52, 58, 16, 53, and 51. The proportion of disease cases (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cervical cancer) in multiple infection groups (720/1,550) was significantly higher than that in single infection groups (2,109/6,498) (relative risk = 1.43, 95% confidence interval = 1.34-1.53, p < 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between the number of HPV infections and the proportion of disease cases (r = 0.839, p = 0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multiple HPV infections were significantly associated with more severe cervical lesions, and a higher infection multiplicity correlated with an increased pathogenic risk. Our findings support that multiple HPV infections significantly elevate cervical lesion risk, providing a basis for referring such patients to further examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"268"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12326610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}