Virology Journal最新文献

{"title":"Characterization and complete genome sequence of highly lytic phage active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from Egypt.","authors":"Abeer K Abd El-Tawab, B A Othman, A Sharaf, Samar S El-Masry, T F El-Arabi","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02554-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02554-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most resistant bacteria to antibiotics. S. aureus is an important, widespread pathogen that can cause a variety of infectious diseases in humans and animals. Phages have been recognized as natural, safe, highly specific and effective alternatives agents to antibiotics for preventing and treating bacterial infections caused by MRSA. Therefore, this study aims at the characterization of a novel isolated lytic phage, vB_SauP_ASUmrsa123.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus MRSA were obtained on Mannitol Salt Agar and Baird Parker Agar plates and confirmed using VITEK 2. Sewage and clinical samples were used to isolate specific phages for S. aureus MRSA, and plaque assays were used for host range determination on Luria-Bertani (LB) media. The phage morphology of the isolated phage was determined by transmission electron microscopy. The phage's whole genome sequencing was identified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 25 isolates of Staphylococci were obtained from different clinical sources and showed typical colonies on Baird-Parker and Mannitol Salt Agar plates. The VITEK 2 automated system revealed that all 25 isolates were confirmed as S. aureus (MRSA). Two of the most antibiotics-resistant isolates were further confirmed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. A lytic phage was detected against the MRSA isolates tested In Vitro, namely vB_SauP_ASUmrsa123. The phage belonged to Rountreeviridae family based on morphological properties observed by TEM and the host range of the isolated phage was tested on the 25 clinical MRSA isolates in Vitro. The one-step growth curve of the isolated phage showed that the latent period was about 55 min, and the burst size was estimated at 167 PFU. The whole genome sequencing and annotation of genes revealed that phage vB_SauP_ASUmrsa123 contained a linear dsDNA with a size of about 17,155 bp with predicted 24 ORFs. Analysis of its genome provides valuable information approximately the variety of phages belonging to the staphylococcal phages class I.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A lytic Podo Phage vB_SauP_ASUmrsa123 was identified against S. aureus MRSA isolates and its genome was sequenced. The phage was found to be eligible for potential application in biocontrol.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"284"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11545979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different immunogens and prime-boost vaccination strategies affect the efficacy of recombinant candidate vaccines against pathogenic orthopoxviruses.","authors":"Antonia Radaelli, Carlo Zanotto, Chiara Brambilla, Tommaso Adami, Francesca Paolini, Aldo Venuti, Adriana Manuka, Irsida Mehmeti, Carlo De Giuli Morghen","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02534-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02534-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although not as lethal as variola virus (VARV), the cause of smallpox, monkeypox virus (MPXV) represents a threat to public health, with important infection rates and mortality in several African countries and signs of spreading worldwide. MPXV may establish new reservoirs in non-endemic countries and can be considered a possible biological weapon. Human-to-human MPXV transmission is increasing with a growing susceptibility, coincident with the declining herd immunity against smallpox. The emerging threat of MPXV highlights the urgent need for protection from new zoonotic infections, as mankind is completely unprepared for encounters with new viruses. Preventive vaccination remains the most effective control against orthopoxviruses (OPXVs) such as MPXV and prime-boost vaccination strategies can significantly influence vaccine efficacy and enhance immune responses. Our study aimed at characterizing potential vaccine candidates against OPXV infections in a murine model using DNA, viral and protein recombinant vaccines using different prime-boost regimens. The experiments employed Vaccinia virus (VACV) A33, B5, L1, and A27 envelope proteins as immunogens for both priming and boosting. Priming was carried out using a mixture of four plasmids (4pVAXmix), and boosts employed fowlpox (FWPV) recombinants (4FPmix) and/or the purified recombinant proteins (4protmix), all of them expressing the same antigens. One or two doses of the same immunogens were tested and identical protocols were also compared for intranasal (i.n.) or intramuscular (i.m.) viral administration, before challenge with the highly pathogenic VACV VV_IHD-J strain. Our results show that a single dose of any combined immunogen elicited a very low antibody response. Protein mixtures administered twice boosted the humoral response of DNA immunizations by electroporation (e. p.), but did not protect from viral challenge. The antibody neutralizing titer was inversely correlated with animals' weight loss, which was initially similar in all of the groups after the challenge, but was then reversed in mice that had been primed twice with the DNA recombinants and boosted twice with the FWPV recombinants.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"282"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11542223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142605129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot-scale process development for recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) production based on high-density Sf9 cell culture.","authors":"Xinran Li, Jieyi Gu, Haoquan Wu, Yuanyuan Xie","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02550-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02550-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, gene therapy drugs have been widely marketed, and their effectiveness and potential have been confirmed. Thus, increasing their production on an industrial scale is critical. Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) are optimal vectors for gene therapy applications, and the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS), which is based on Sf9 cell culture, is a common tool for rAAV production.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this work, an Sf9 cell fed-batch process was developed using shake flasks. In the laboratory-scale bioreactor, four processes were selected as the key factors when carrying out the orthogonal experiment. On the basis of the equal P/V principle and considering the problem posed by air bubbles, a pilot-scale level bioreactor process was established.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we describe a method in which a BEVS was used to produce rAAV vectors, with the cell density increasing to 22.8 × 10⁶ cells/mL and the rAAV titre increasing to 20 × 10¹¹ VG/mL upon adding feed material. By resolving the problems associated with high-density cell culture and air bubbles, this process was successfully scaled to a 50 L pilot-scale level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This successful experiment not only provides a technological basis for further scale-up but also guarantees product capacity. We hope that this development process can provide reference data for studying cell culture-based drug production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"281"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11542467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142605076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of phage HZY2308 against Acinetobacter baumannii and identification of phage-resistant bacteria.","authors":"Ruilin Wang, Xiaojuan You, Xinwei Liu, Bing Fei, Yifan Li, Dan Wang, Rui Zhu, Yongwei Li","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02556-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02556-y","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) is a notable cause of hospital-acquired infections, with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) classified as a high-priority critical pathogen. Bacteriophage therapy is emerging as a promising alternative to combat drug-resistant bacterial infections. In this study, a lytic phage, HZY2308, was isolated from hospital sewage, and the biological properties, biosafety and anti-biofilm properties of phage HZY2308 were characterized and identified. Moreover, the antibacterial effect of phage HZY2308 in combination with antibiotics was investigated, and the apparent characteristics of phage-resistant strain AB48-R were demonstrated, which provided data support for further studies to elucidate the mechanism of generating phage resistance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Phage HZY2308 was isolated by double agar plate method using clinical strain AB48 as the host bacterium. The morphology of phage HZY2308 was identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and biological characteristics of phage HZY2308 were identified by host range, the efficiency of plating (EOP), sensitivity to temperature, pH, and chloroform, one-step growth curve, the optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI), and detection of endotoxin and cytotoxicity. Besides, the complete genome map of HZY2308 was constructed using CGview, and the phylogenetic tree of HZY2308 was constructed with MEGA. Additionally, the full genomic sequence of phage HZY2308 and the selected phage were compared using Easyfig. Checkerboard test of phage HZY2308 in combination with tigecycline (TGC) was performed to investigate their synergistic effect and bactericidal kinetics. The effect of HZY2308 on biofilm was investigated by semi-quantitative staining of biofilm with crystal violet, determination of bacterial activity in biofilm by 2,3-Bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl) -2 H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) assay and observation of biofilm structure by fluorescence microscopy. Finally, Phage-resistant bacteria AB48-R were characterized by colony-forming capacity, morphology, growth curves, adsorption efficiency, and antibiotic susceptibility assays.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A lytic phage, HZY2308, was isolated from hospital sewage, which exhibited advantageous traits such as a brief incubation period, large burst size, and robust stability. Safety assessments conducted at both genetic and cellular levels also have yielded positive outcomes. Besides, phage HZY2308 effectively inhibited AB biofilm formation and disrupted established biofilm structures. Furthermore, a synergistic antibacterial effect was noted when phage HZY2308 was combined with tigecycline. Interestingly, the phage-resistant strain, AB48-R was screened through natural selection. Compared to the wild strain AB48, the adsorption efficiency of the phage to AB48-R diminished. However, AB48-R's sensitivity to antibiotics such as cefepime, gentamicin, amikacin,","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"283"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11546264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The causal association between COVID-19 and ischemic stroke: a mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Zhaojie Zhang, Jie Hua, Liang Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02548-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02548-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current observational data indicates that ischemic stroke (IS) affects a significant proportion of people with COVID-19. The current study sought to evaluate the causal relationship between COVID-19 and IS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-sample Mendelian randomization (2 S-MR) approach was used to probe the relationship between genetic determinants of three COVID-19 parameters (SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 hospitalization, and severe COVID-19) and the incidence of IS based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data. Using this 2 S-MR technique, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and GWAS studies were further assessed for overlap to identify common causative genes associated with severe COVID-19 and IS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IVW approaches indicated the genetic variants linked to COVID-19 hospitalization (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.08, p = 0.023) and severe COVID-19 (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05, p = 0.007) were both significantly linked to greater odds of IS. In contrast, there was no causal association between genetic SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility and the occurrence of IS (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.92-1.06, p = 0.694). Ten shared causal genes (TNFSF8, CFL2, TPM1, C15orf39, LHFPL6, FAM20C, SPAG9, KCNJ2, PELI1, and HLA-L) were established as possible mediators of the interplay between severe COVID-19 and the development of IS, with these genes primarily being enriched in immune-related and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate a possible causative relationship between IS risk and COVID-19 severity, offering crucial new information for managing COVID-19 patients. Promising options for therapeutic therapies for severe COVID-19 complicated by IS include the common genes found in the present study.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"280"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11542230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel neutralizing monoclonal antibody recognizes a linear antigenic epitope of the spike protein of swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus.","authors":"Lin Zhang, Hui-Zhen Liu, Yuexiao Lian, Yujun Zhu, Miaoli Wu, Jianbo Liu, Feng Cong","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02562-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02562-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) causes vomiting, severe diarrhoea and death in newborn piglets. The spike (S) protein plays a crucial role in promoting virus invasion and inducing neutralizing antibody production. In this study, the extracellular region of the S protein was used as an immunogen to immunize BALB/c mice. After immunization, B cells were collected, fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells, cultured and subcloned, and a cell line capable of secreting neutralizing antibodies was obtained and named as 5D6. Additionally, it was determined that the 5D6 mAb could be used as the primary antibody for western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) to detect SADS-CoV. Further studies indicated that the 5D6 mAb binds to the ¹³⁶STSHAAD¹⁴² motif, which located in the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the spike protein. This result suggested that the NTD of the S protein can induce the production of neutralizing antibodies. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed that the epitope of the 5D6 mAb was conserved among SADS-CoV strains. This study helps elucidate the S protein function of SADS-CoV, and the 5D6 mAb may be used to develop diagnostic and treatment tools for detecting SADS-CoV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"279"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11539425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive retrospect and future perspective on bacteriophage and cancer.","authors":"Zhong Liping, Yu Sheng, Wu Yinhang, Song Yifei, Huang Jiaqun, Yu Xiaojian, Han Shuwen, Zhuang Jing","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02553-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02553-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Researchers gradually focus on the relationship between phage and cancer.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To summarize the research hotspots and trends in the field of bacteriophage and cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The downloaded articles were searched from the Web of Science Core Collection database from January 2008 to June 2023. Bibliometric analysis was carried out through CiteSpace, including the analysis of cooperative networks (country/region, institution, and author), co-citations of references, and key words.Visual analysis of three topics, including gut phage, phage and bacteria, and phage and tumor, was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the United States and China have the most phage-related research. In terms of gut phage, the future research directions are \"gut microbiome\", \"database\" and \"microbiota\". The bursting citations explored the phage-dominated viral genome to discover its diversity and individual specificity and investigated associations among bacteriome, metabolome, and virome. In terms of phage and bacteria, \"lipopolysaccharide\" and \"microbiota\" are future research directions. Future research hotspots should mainly concentrate on the further exploration and application of phage properties. As for phages and tumors, the future research directions should be \"colorectal cancer\", \"protein\" and \"phage therapy\". Future directions are likely to focus on the research on phages in cancer mechanisms, cancer diagnosis, and cancer treatment combined with genetic engineering techniques.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Phage therapy would become a hot spot and research direction of tumor and phage research, and the relationship between phage and tumor, especially colorectal cancer (CRC), is expected to be further explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"278"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11539450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of neutralizing antibodies titers in response to different types of COVID-19 vaccines among a group of egyptian healthcare workers.","authors":"Sara Maher, Nihal M El Assaly, Doaa Mamdouh Aly, Shimaa Atta, Asmaa Mohamed Fteah, Hala Badawi, Manal Youssef Zahran, Manal Kamel","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02546-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02546-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Defining the protective thresholds against the severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-related corona virus-2 pandemic is a crucial challenge. To reduce the risks of severe disease, hospitalization, and death, various COVID-19 vaccines have been rapidly developed.</p><p><strong>Aim of the work: </strong>This study aimed to assess the impact of three common COVID-19 vaccine types; two mRNA COVID-19 vaccines: (Pfizer/BioNTech's BNT162b2 and Moderna's mRNA-1273), one adenoviral vector vaccine: Oxford/AstraZeneca's ChAdOx1, and one inactivated vaccine (Sinovac Biotech/China's Sinovac) on the level of neutralizing antibodies, considering factors such as vaccine type, demographic characteristics, and hybrid immunity. We conducted a direct comparative analysis involving 300 healthcare workers, both with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (B.1, C.36.3, and AY.32 (Delta) variants). Neutralizing antibodies levels were measured at baseline (before vaccination), before the second dose, and six months after the second dose.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed a significant increase in neutralizing antibodies levels after complete vaccination with all vaccine types. Among healthcare workers, those vaccinated with mRNA vaccines (Moderna or Pfizer) exhibited the highest neutralizing antibodies titers, followed by AstraZeneca, and finally Sinovac with the lowest titer. On studying the effect of previous COVID-19 infection after vaccination, no significant difference in neutralizing antibodies levels was observed between healthcare workers vaccinated with mRNA or AstraZeneca vaccines, both with prior COVID-19 infection, following the first and six months after the second dose.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that individuals with prior COVID-19 may only require a single dose of mRNA or AstraZeneca vaccines to achieve a similar level of immunization as those without prior COVID-19 who completed the vaccination program.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>There is a significant increase in neutralizing antibodies levels after complete vaccination against COVID-19 Vaccination with mRNA vaccines exhibits the highest neutralizing antibodies titers. Vaccination with Sinovac exhibits the lowest neutralizing antibodies titers.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"277"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11539826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and molecular characterization of lumpy skin disease and bovine papular stomatitis viruses in lumpy skin disease-suspected outbreaks in Tanzania.","authors":"Fredy T Makoga, Jelly S Chang'a, Irene K Meki, Charles Mayenga, Tirumala B K Settypalli, Stella Bitanyi, Bishop Magidanga, Emma Peter, Augustino Chengula, Giovanni Cattoli, Charles E Lamien","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02558-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02558-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is endemic in sub-Saharan countries and is currently a global threat to the cattle industry. Information on the circulating Capripoxvirus lumpyskinpox, formerly known as Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV), and other poxviruses infecting cattle is very scant in Tanzania. The current study aimed to confirm and characterize LSDV and other poxviruses infecting cattle, from LSD suspected outbreaks in Tanzania.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 24 samples were collected from four LSD suspected outbreaks reported in Tanzania between February and May 2023. Samples were screened for LSDV genome by real-time PCR and then subjected to a high-resolution multiplex melting (HRM) assay where 10 samples were positive for Capripoxvirus (CaPV) and one sample was Parapoxvirus (PPV) positive. Four LSDV genes; RPO30, GPCR, EEV glycoprotein and B22R and the partial B2L gene of PPVs were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All targeted LSDV genes from the Tanzanian isolates showed 100% similarity and isolates clustered with commonly circulating LSDV field isolates. Furthermore, the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position 240 (A-> G) of the EEV gene differentiates the Tanzanian LSDVs from the group of ancient Kenyan LSDV isolates while the B22R sequences of the Tanzanian LSDV isolates differed from the LSDV Neethling and LSDV KSGP-0240 derived vaccines. Sequence analysis of the partial B2L gene of the Tanzanian parapoxvirus bovinestomatitis, formerly known as Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) showed a different BPSV strain circulating compared to publicly available sequences.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings confirm the presence of LSDV in Tanzania, which suggesting the need for establishing an effective control program and continuous monitoring. The presence of a typical profile for Tanzania BPSV is an indication that, although never reported before, BPSV is established in the country therefore this virus should be included in the differential diagnosis of LSDV.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"276"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11539547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of 8-week daclatasvir-sofosbuvir regimen in chronic hepatitis C: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ahmed N Farrag, Ahmed M Kamel","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02544-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02544-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The high rates of the sustained virologic response 12 weeks after treatment (SVR12) in real world settings provoked the adoption of shortened courses of the costly direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) regimens. This study provides, to our knowledge, the first systematic review and meta-analysis for the efficacy of the shortened 8-week course of sofosbuvir (SOF) plus daclatasvir (DCV), the most accessible DAAs in the low-middle income countries (LMICs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a proportion meta-analysis to determine a reliable rate of SVR12 by pooling all studies that evaluated the results of the 8-week regimen of DCV + SOF. In addition, we applied sensitivity analyses using two imputation paradigms: a conservative approach, and a pragmatic approach to avoid overestimating the efficacy of the 8-week regimen in studies that followed a response-guided treatment (RGT) approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six studies with a total of 159 patients were included. The pooled SVR12 rate ranged from 91 to 97% in the included scenarios. The pragmatic scenario showed that the pooled SVR12 was 97% (95% confidence interval (CI) 91%; 100%) with lower variability as assessed by the prediction interval. The conservative approach revealed an SVR12 of 93% (95% CI 84%; 95%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 8-week course of 60 mg DCV with SOF provided a comparable SVR12 to the standard 12-week regimen in treatment-naïve, non-HIV co-infected patients with a minimum estimated efficacy of 90%.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"275"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11533316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}