Virology Journal最新文献

{"title":"HBsAg glycan isomer predicts on-treatment HBsAg decline in low-HBsAg chronic hepatitis B on nucleos(t)ide therapy.","authors":"Daisuke Yokoyama, Goki Suda, Masatsugu Ohara, Takatsugu Tanaka, Shoichi Kitano, Osamu Maehara, Ruixin Deng, Qingjie Fu, Zijian Yang, Naohiro Yasuura, Akimitsu Meno, Risako Kohya, Takashi Kitagataya, Naoki Kawagishi, Masato Nakai, Takuya Sho, Shunsuke Ohnishi, Naoya Sakamoto","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03227-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03227-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early decline in HBsAg levels during nucleos(t)ide-analog (NA) therapy predicts subsequent HBsAg loss, but stratification tools are limited. We assessed whether a novel baseline HBV biomarker-the HBsAg glycan-isomer (HBsAgGi)-predicts 12-month HBsAg decline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analysed genotype C chronic hepatitis B patients who initiated entecavir, tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate, or tenofovir-alafenamide and had serum available for HBsAgGi measurement. Early decliners were defined as those with ≥ 0.10 log10 IU/mL HBsAg reduction after 1 year. Baseline clinical and virological parameters were compared between decliners and non-decliners and within HBsAg < 3,000 and ≥ 3,000 IU/mL strata.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 201 screened individuals, 106 had samples for HBsAgGi testing. In this cohort, HBsAg levels continued to fall annually over 5 years in early decliners, whereas non-decliners showed almost no long-term HBsAg reduction. In univariate analyses, higher baseline HBsAg, HBV DNA, HBeAg-positivity, and HBcrAg were associated with 1-year HBsAg decline, whereas HBsAgGi was not; none remained significant in multivariable models. However, among patients with baseline HBsAg < 3,000 IU/mL, HBsAgGi alone differentiated decliners from non-decliners. After adjustment for baseline HBsAg and HBcrAg, lower HBsAgGi remained independently associated with ≥ 0.10 log10 IU/mL HBsAg decline at 1 year. In patients with baseline HBsAg ≥ 3,000 IU/mL, decliners had higher rates of HBeAg positivity and higher baseline HBsAg and HBcrAg. Traditional HBV markers were tightly correlated, whereas HBsAgGi showed only weak-to-modest correlations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Baseline HBsAgGi adds prognostic value in patients with low HBsAg, identifying those more likely to achieve on-therapy HBsAg decline and potentially informing selection for intensified or combination HBV therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13531837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148284571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic characterization of a baculovirus isolate, Malacosoma neustria nucleopolyhedrovirus Eriogaster neogena isolate (ManeNPV-Er) from Mongolia.","authors":"Uranbileg Ganbold, Wenyi Jin, Byambasuren Mijidsuren, Hongbin Liang, Hongtuo Wang, Enkhjargal Bayanjargal, Qian Meng, Jihong Zhang, Qilian Qin, Huan Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03225-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03225-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Baculoviruses are highly diverse insect-specific DNA viruses that have coevolved with their lepidopteran hosts, often exhibiting high host specificity and geographic population structures. To investigate the genomic basis of host - associated divergence, we sequenced and analyzed the complete genome of a baculovirus isolated from symptomatic Eriogaster neogena larvae collected in Mongolia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The complete genome of this isolate, designated Malacosoma neustria nucleopolyhedrovirus Eriogaster neogena isolate (ManeNPV-Er), was sequenced and comparatively analyzed. Phylogenetic and pairwise K2P distance analyses based on lef8/lef9/polh were performed to evaluate its taxonomic relationship with other baculoviruses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparative genomic analysis revealed an overall nucleotide identity of 86.9% with Malacosoma neustria nucleopolyhedrovirus (ManeNPV-T2), which was isolated from a different host species (Malacosoma neustria) in Turkey. Despite their close taxonomic relationship, this low identity indicates substantial genomic divergence. Phylogenetic and pairwise K2P distance analyses based on lef8/lef9/polh confirmed their conspecific status. However, the corrected K2P distance suggests incipient divergence, which may require additional genomic and biological evidence to confirm. The significant genetic differentiation of ManeNPV-Er is potentially driven by the combined effects of adaptation to a distinct host and geographic isolation in a different region. Such divergence patterns are consistent with the parallel diversification commonly observed between baculoviruses and their lepidopteran hosts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Collectively, our findings expand the current understanding of baculovirus genomic diversity and provide new insights into how the interplay of host shift and geographic separation influences viral speciation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148273163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic variations at the HPV E1-E2 interface correlate with clinical risk groups: an in-silico analysis.","authors":"Sean Fletcher, Esther E Biswas-Fiss, Subhasis B Biswas","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03221-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03221-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a leading cause of human cancers, including nearly all cases of cervical cancer. The viral life cycle and its associated oncogenic potential are critically dependent on the replication of the viral genome, a process driven by the viral E1 protein. Its central role and high degree of sequence conservation within the enzymatic core provide a structural rationale for targeted therapies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive in silico analysis was conducted to investigate the structural and functional roles of the HPV E1 protein using a multi-scale computational workflow. E1 sequences from the Papillomavirus Episteme database underwent multiple sequence alignment to delineate evolutionary relationships and identify conserved residues. Structural modeling using AlphaFold3 generated high-resolution models of E1 in complex with E2 and as hexameric assemblies. These models were subjected to thermodynamic profiling to calculate predicted binding energies (ΔG) and interface geometry and solvation. Finally, a logistic regression framework evaluated the predictive power of these parameters in distinguishing oncogenic risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The C-terminal helicase was identified as the most highly conserved region, with near-universal invariance in key catalytic motifs essential for ATP binding and hydrolysis. In contrast, the N-terminal regulatory region exhibited greater sequence divergence. Structural mapping onto the E1 DNA-binding domain (DBD) and the hexameric helicase assembly revealed that conserved residues cluster near DNA-recognition surfaces of the DBD and the interaction surface for the E2 regulatory protein. Thermodynamic analysis revealed an energetic distinction between High-Risk (HR) and Low-Risk (LR) types. LR E1-E2 complexes exhibited higher predicted stability (ΔG =  - 25.65 kcal/mol) compared to HR complexes (ΔG =  - 20.95 kcal/mol; P < 0.001). Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis demonstrated that E1-E2 binding energy has strong discriminative ability within this dataset (AUC = 0.875).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The extensive conservation of E1's core enzymatic machinery highlights its indispensable function. However, thermodynamic variations at the E1-E2 interface correlate with distinct clinical risk groups. These in silico findings provide a framework for understanding functional sites in the E1-E2 complex and identify the recruitment interface as thermodynamically distinct between classes of pathogenicity. These results motivate future experimental validation of E1-E2 binding kinetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148273174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance of the antiviral activity and mechanism of action of newly synthesized spirocyclic thio-pyrimidinones against human adenovirus type 40.","authors":"Esraa A Manie, Sherif S Ragab, Ayman M Sweed, Sherif Nasser, Abdou K Allayeh, Emad M Elzayat","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03192-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03192-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) cause multiple common human infections; they are responsible for several upper and lower respiratory system and gastrointestinal diseases. There are no available approved antiviral treatments specific to HAdVs thus far; only a wide-spectrum antiviral can be used, and this creates the need for potent antiviral medications to treat illnesses that pose a serious threat. On the basis of our previous research that examined spirocyclic thio-pyrimidinone derivatives against human herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), in this study, we concentrated on exploring the antiviral activity of these compounds against adenovirus type 40 (HAdV-40) and their mode of action. Spiro pyrimidinone derivative 3 showed promising antiviral activity among the eleven synthesized compounds, with a selectivity index of 11.88. Compound 3 mainly inhibited HAdV-40 during the virucidal stage by 35%, viral multiplication by 26%, and viral absorption by approximately 20%. Additionally, the downregulation of the gene expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL10, and CCL-5 reflects the effect of compound 3 on viral suppression, indicating that the inflammatory pathway is modulated. Additionally, docking studies were performed to evaluate the 3 mechanisms of action of the compounds for viral inhibition. The results revealed some interactions that point to a potential mechanism by which compound 3 prevents the adenovirus from adhering by interfering with the ability of the short-fiber knob to function while the compound and virus are in contact.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13264822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148253534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An epidemiological survey of HPV infection among women in Southern Hebei, China.","authors":"Heng Xiao, Yanbin Ren","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03222-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03222-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the genotypes and distribution patterns of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections among women in southern Hebei, China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cervical specimens were collected from female clinical patients (including both outpatients and inpatients) and health examination participants at Handan Central Hospital between September 2022 and August 2025. HPV genotyping was performed using a real-time fluorescent PCR method with the HybriBio (Chaozhou, China) 23-type HPV nucleic acid genotyping kit (fluorescent PCR), which detects 23 HPV genotypes (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 6, 11, 42, 43, 44, 53, 66, 73, 81, 82). The study analyzed the positivity rates of each genotype, the proportion and genotype distribution among different age groups and cervical diseases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 41,045 cervical samples, the HPV positivity rate was 24.20%. The top three most prevalent genotypes were 52, 16, and 58, respectively. The detection rate of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) was 20.22%, while that of low-risk HPV (lrHPV) was 7.40%. The positivity rates were highest among women aged <20 (40.27%), >60 (29.30%), and 51-60 years (28.00%), monotypic infections were predominant across all age groups, and the positivity rates were significantly higher among patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer compared to the general population.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study on HPV genotype distribution among women in the southern Hebei region provides strong evidence for establishing a cervical cancer screening and prevention system in the area, as well as valuable epidemiological data for the development and application of HPV vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13488220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148253563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-risk oncogenic HPV genotypes in vulnerable women from the Amazon: a cross-sectional retrospective study.","authors":"Darciane Coelho Cordovil, Laryssa Danielle da Silva Reis, Lumara Silvia Santana Ferreira, Carina Guilhon Sequeira, Thiago de Matos Bezerra, Edivaldo Herculano Correa de Oliveira, Rogério Valois Laurentino, Luiz Fernando Almeida Machado, Leonardo Miranda Dos Santos, Ana Maria Revoredo da Silva Ventura, Rodrigo Vellasco Duarte Silvestre","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03220-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03220-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Human papillomavirus (HPV) is widely acknowledged as the primary etiological agent of cervical cancer, with more than 14 high-risk oncogenic genotypes identified to date. Women residing in remote and underserved regions of the Amazon face significant barriers to accessing quality healthcare services, including geographic isolation, socioeconomic disparities, and limited infrastructure. These challenges contribute to the disproportionate burden of cervical cancer observed in this population, where women from interior regions represent the highest percentage of cases in Brazil.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to elucidate the prevalence, distribution of HPV genotypes, and associated risk factors among women from remote communities in the Brazilian Amazon, providing critical insights into regional public health challenges.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Endocervical smears were systematically collected from women across 18 municipalities. HPV detection was performed using Hybrid Capture II, a highly sensitive molecular assay, while genotyping was conducted using the Linear Array HPV system, which enables comprehensive identification of multiple HPV genotypes. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, odds ratios (OR), and Cramér's V, with a significance threshold set at p ≤ 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 13.84% (182/1315), with notable variation across municipalities. Irituia exhibited the highest prevalence at 21.25% (p = 0.0664). Key factors associated with HPV acquisition included age ≤ 25 years (p < 0.0001), unmarried status (p < 0.0001), and non-use of condoms (p = 0.0032). Fifteen different genotypes of HPV were found. Of the total positive samples, only 58.8% (n = 107) samples were genotyped. High-risk oncogenic HPV was detected in 63 genotyped samples (58.9%), the most frequent high-risk oncogenic HPV genotypes were HPV16 (n = 15, 14%), HPV59 (n = 10, 9.3%), and HPV58 (n = 9, 8.4%). Co-infections involving both high- and low-risk genotypes were observed in 14% (8/57) of the samples, while mixed infections accounted for 22.8% (13/57).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings highlight the significant burden of HPV infection among young, unmarried women who do not use condoms, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted interventions. The low quality of the DNA obtained prevented us from genotyping all samples. The high diversity of high-risk HPV genotypes, particularly the predominance of HPV16 in all municipalities studied, reveals a potential critical vulnerability in this population. These results emphasize the importance of strengthening screening programs, promoting condom use, and implementing vaccination campaigns to mitigate the spread of HPV and reduce the incidence of cervical cancer in the Brazilian Amazon.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13295212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148228469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Tehran, Iran: a retrospective cross sectional study (2011-2024).","authors":"Nader Hashemi, Behnam Mahdavi, Fatemeh Eskandari, Alaleh Alizadeh Halili, Zahra Jamshidi, Maryam Sadat Hosseini","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03213-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03213-2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a highly prevalent sexually transmitted infection in the world, particularly among young adults shortly after they become sexually active. Beyond its commonality, HPV is a significant public health concern due to its carcinogenic potential. Globally, HPV is responsible for a substantial number of cancer cases annually, including the vast majority of cervical cancers, as well as a notable proportion of other anogenital cancers. To convey the urgent need for comprehensive prevention strategies, this study aimed to assess HPV test positivity and genotype distribution among individuals referred for HPV testing in Tehran, Iran, over a 14-year period (2011-2024), providing the foundational data required to guide future national vaccination and screening programs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study examined the demographic characteristics of 6418 individuals (5988 women and 430 men) tested for HPV using data and samples collected from patients visiting a Saeed pathology and genetics laboratory between 2011 and 2024. HPV DNA was extracted from genital samples, (cervical/vaginal specimens for women, and penile/urethral swabs and urine for men) representative of both female and male individuals in Tehran, and analyzed for the presence of HPV. Genotyping was performed by real-time PCR (Cobas 4800 and Sansure G26) and Reverse Hybridization (INNO-LiPA and HPV Direct Flow Chip) methods for the identification of high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) HPV genotypes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Result: &lt;/strong&gt;Over the 14-year study period, HPV prevalence was assessed using four diagnostic methods (INNO-LIPA, HybriSpot, COBAS X480, and Sansure Kit), reflecting the evolution of available laboratory assays over time yielding positive detection rates of 55.7%, 61.5%, 17.2%, and 52.1%, respectively. The proportion of positive HPV test results varied across age groups, with the highest prevalence observed in the 20-30 year age group. Within the studied cohort, the HPV positivity rate was 40.8% among female patients and 63.3% among the smaller cohort of male patients. The most frequently detected genotypes overall were 6 (12.3%), 16 (7.1%), 52 (3.6%), and 31 (3.3%), in descending order. Notably, 74.4% (517) of patients reported were asymptomic and were referred for routine screening. Among HPV-positive individuals, 69.5% (163) were asymptomatic. Conversely, 23.0% (106) of HPV- negative individuals reported at least one clinical symptom. Positive HPV rates were 56.3% and 24.5% in single and married subjects, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This study contributes valuable insights into HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in samples collected over a 14-year period in Tehran. The high prevalence of HPV infection, particularly with high-risk Genotypes coupled with the highest prevalence observed in the 20-30 year age group and HPV-16 being common in younger ages, without clinical sign of infection, und","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13579730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148212652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First detection of human adenovirus type 7 deletion mutant associated with an outbreak of acute respiratory infection.","authors":"Dan Wu, Weijia Zhang, Jiachen Zhao, Hui Xu, Weixian Shi, Yimeng Liu, Zhaomin Feng, Daitao Zhang, Guilan Lu","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03215-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03215-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human adenovirus B7 (HAdV-B7) has emerged as an increasingly important respiratory pathogen in recent years. Ten first grade students experienced symptoms of acute respiratory infection at a primary school in Beijing from November 13 to 21, 2024. We investigated the cause of this outbreak.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In partnership with the local center for disease prevention and control, we collected demographic information (age and gender) of the affected students and obtained pharyngeal swab specimens from six students. We used multiplex real-time PCR to screen for 22 common respiratory viruses in these samples. To isolate HAdV, Hep-2 cells were inoculated with HAdV-positive pharyngeal swab samples. Isolates were sequenced by Sanger and whole-genome sequencing. In addition, four HAdV-B7 strains isolated from 2024 to 2025 influenza-like illness surveillance cases were also sequenced as a control to determine whether the same mutations existed. The strains were characterized molecularly using gene homology analysis, recombination analysis and phylogenetic reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We collected six pharyngeal swab samples from ten students based on consent. All samples were HAdV-positive as determined by multiplex real-time PCR. None of the students were co-infected with other viruses. We successfully isolated the HAdV strain from each student sample. Blast analysis and phylogenetic analysis of the hexon, penton, and fiber genes suggested that this outbreak was caused by HAdV-B7 (P7H7F7). A unique T335S mutation was identified within the RGD loop of the penton base in this outbreak. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed high sequence identity between our isolates and HAdV-B7 strains from multiple regions in China and abroad. In addition, all strains obtained in this outbreak had 57 nucleotides deletion in the E3 region. Interestingly, the same deletion mutants were also found in HAdV-B7 strains isolated from 2024 to 2025 influenza-like illness surveillance cases, indicating that this deletion mutation has been prevalent and may represent an established molecular signature of a circulating HAdV-B7 sublineage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We report the first detection of a human adenovirus type 7 deletion mutant associated with an outbreak of acute respiratory infections in Beijing in 2024. This deletion mutation was prevalent and may represent an established molecular signature of a circulating HAdV-B7 sublineage. How this mutation affects viral pathogenicity remains unclear and needs further investigation. Our findings underscore the critical importance of implementing timely molecular surveillance for guiding outbreak control and informing prevention strategies against respiratory pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13471344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148206473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 mRNA XBB1.5 vaccine immunogenicity in kidney transplant recipients.","authors":"Mathieu Surénaud, Aurélie Wiedemann, Hakim Hocini, Emile Foucat, Cécile Lefebvre, Tugba Agyar, Emma Jousseaume, Pascaline Tisserand, Céline Pellaton, Millicent Omondi, Wendy Burgers, Giuseppe Pantaleo, Antoine Durrbach, Yves Lévy","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03214-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03214-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the reduced clinical severity of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants compared to earlier lineages, kidney transplant recipients (KTR) continue to experience higher SARS-CoV-2 mortality rates than the general population. Seroconversion rates following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination remain lower in KTR after three vaccine injections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody activity and cellular responses, as well as whole blood gene expression profiles after XBB.1.5 mRNA vaccination boost in a cohort of KTR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We demonstrated that XBB.1.5 mRNA boosting increased both the magnitude and frequency of neutralizing antibody responses against different SARS-CoV-2 variants and found that the neutralizing activity against Wuhan strain or XBB.1.5 subvariant was driven by different anti-Spike binding IgG subclasses. We also demonstrated that Spike-specific CD4⁺ T-cell responses were significantly boosted against Wuhan strain and XBB.1.5 subvariant one month following XBB.1.5 mRNA vaccination. Lastly, we showed that XBB.1.5 boost induced overexpression of genes associated with type I IFN and innate immune responses at day 1, but also activated T and NK-cells at day 3 that persist at day 7 post-vaccination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Globally, increasing the number of vaccine injections using updated XBB.1.5 mRNA vaccine enhance anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in KTR. However, the monovalent XBB.1.5 mRNA vaccine boost elicited recall of cross-reacting immune responses against the original Wuhan Spike without a clear advantage against Omicron subvariants, consistent with a predominant immunological imprinting.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13465440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell characterization of the CD8⁺ T cell landscape and repertoire in HIV-1 Infection following antiretroviral therapy.","authors":"Jun Lei, Jialingfang, Aifang Xu","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03212-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-026-03212-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively suppresses HIV-1 viremia, immune dysfunction often persists. Here, we integrated single-cell RNA and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing data to delineate the alterations of CD8⁺ T cells. Based on cross-sectional samples from different individuals (healthy donors, treatment-naïve individuals, and ART-treated individuals), we found ART promoted the transition of CD8⁺ T cells from exhausted toward naïve and memory-like subsets. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified distinct modules, including three (SM2-SM4) highly expressed in treatment-naïve individuals and one (SM6) significantly elevated post-ART. The reduced TCR diversity and increased clonality observed post-infection were not fully restored by ART, although ART partly altered clonal structure and CDR3 length. We established a predictive model based on the TCR features of CD8⁺ T cells, which accurately distinguished healthy donors, treatment-naïve individuals, and ART-treated individuals. These findings clarify the complex landscape of CD8⁺ T cell reconstitution, and identify key transcriptional networks and clonal dynamics during ART.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13466494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}